Design Android-Based E-book Application for Sundanese Pupujian Teaching Materials

An android-based e-book application for teaching materials is a type of electronic book in softcopy. This study aims to design an android-based e-book application for Pupujian Sundanese teaching materials and determine its feasibility. This research is development research (R&D). The flow in this research are: 1) potential problems: 2) data collection; 3) product design: 4) design validation; 5) design revision; 6) product trial; 7) product revision; 8) trial use; 9) product revision; 10) mass production. Based on design validation, this application is feasible to test because the percentage is 85.00% - 100.00%. This product was tested on students of the Regional Language and Literature Education Study Program, Muhammadiyah Kuningan School of Teacher Training and Education. Based on the pretest and posttest results, the average value of the pretest was 6.42, while the posttest obtained an average value of 77.21. It can be concluded that the android-based e-book application for Sundanese Pupujian teaching materials is "appropriate" to be implemented in learning and can be mass-produced. This discussion presents the overall design of an Android-based e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials using development research (R&D) with a research flow according to Sugiyono (2013:298). This research begins with the problems and potentials in the Muhammadiyah College and Teacher Training Program (STKIP) for the 4th semester of the Regional Language and Literature Education Study Program, which teaches old literature courses. The teaching materials on campus are still in the form of printed books provided in the library in limited quantities. This causes students' understanding in recognizing Sundanese pupujian is very lacking due to inadequate media or teaching materials. Munadi (Muhammad non-physical Educators The learners." with this e-book, help students learn material incomplete in textbooks.


INTRODUCTION
Pupujian is one of the old literary works in Sundanese culture. Pupujian is usually sung in mosques and prayer rooms while waiting for prayer time. Iskandarwassid (2013:120), states that pupujian is a "Panyelang." Pupujian is usually a poem or verse with four lines and purwakanti (Rosidi, 2011:89). Pupujian is also old literature that is bound by the rules of writing. Judging from the media, pupujian developed through word of mouth or verbally. Sundanese society is often called (dikawihkeun) and memorized by those who listen to it. According to Isnendes (Ropiah & Rifai, 2020:127), pupujian is a tradition that contains the majesty of God, prayers to the prophet or messenger of Allah, reprimands, or directions to humans to carry out worship. In the learning process, students still experience problems related to obtaining reading sourcebooks about pupujian. It isn't easy to find even though the Sundanese pupujian teaching materials are already in the library and accessed through website blogs.
Teaching materials are a set of systematically arranged materials, whether written or not so that an environment or atmosphere creates the ability of students to learn (Jumrah, 2019:25). Teaching materials are media that lecturers and students can use during the learning process, and these teaching materials can be in the form of writing or not (Majid, 2011:173). According Stewart (Dela Fuente, 2021:26), teaching materials are essential because they can create active interactions between teachers and students. The use of teaching materials is necessary because it helps teachers achieve instructional goals (Setyowati & Sukmawan, 2019:68). These teaching materials must be adapted to the increasingly rapid progress of the times; the development of science and technology increasingly encourages reform efforts to use technological results in the learning process (Silva et al., 2019:312). This is in line with the opinion of Hoyles & Lagrange (Putrawangsa & Hasanah, 2018:43), that in today's era, technology is the most influencing aspect of the education system. Technology makes it easy for users to do things in notes or written text in specific applications (Haristiani & Rifai, 2021:563). Teaching materials must be of the needs and must be of good quality. According to Geena & Petty (Sudaryat, 2015:232), quality teaching materials must have a clear direction of thought, be useful for the curriculum, be able to attract student interest, respond to activities, be communicative and also be able to respect the diverse individual. According to Budiman (Wahyuni, 2015:301), teaching materials must be made regularly using language that is easy to understand according to cognitive level. A sophisticated tool or media is needed to facilitate students obtaining Sundanese pupujian teaching resources in technological development; students and lecturers can easily access that. One of the advanced technologies used in the learning process is android. Because android is a tool that students have widely used, it is even considered a primary need.
Android is an operating system (OS) for Linux-based mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware, and applications. It is an open-source platform that allows developers to create applications quickly and can be used by various mobile devices (Qumillaila et al., 2015:59). Android is the best technology at this time because Android is a technology that has many interesting features (Taqwa et al., 2019:226). One of the features that can be accessed and obtained on Android is an e-book application. According to (Purwandari, 2020:2), the e-book is an abbreviation of an electronic book which is an electronic book in the form of softcopy that can be accessed via computers and androids. Obtaining an Android-based e-book can be downloaded and installed via the Play Store. The feasibility of the e-book media itself can be measured and assessed through the application's appearance, functional buttons, and the operation of the application (Maulana, 2015:18). Android-based e-book application already exists in the Playstore, namely nadoman Khulasoh Bahasa Sunda and the song syiiran nadoman. The difference between the e-book application in this study and the existing application in the play store is that there is material related to pupujian, there are examples of pupujian, and there is an evaluation of the understanding of pupujian. The Android-based e-book application is expected to be a teaching material that can attract students' interest in studying pupujian.
Several similar studies have been conducted previously regarding the application of Android-based e-books, including research conducted by Muhammad, Rahadian, Safitri (2015) with the research title "Penggunaan Digital Book Berbasis Android untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Keterampilan Membaca pada Pelajaran Bahasa Arab". Another study by Silva, Purnomo, and Zuhri (2019)

entitled "Efektivitas Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Berbantu Media E-Book Berbasis Android terhadap Hasil Belajar
Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar pada Siswa Kelas X di SMKN 11 Semarang". Based on previous research on Android-based e-books, no one has used an Android-based e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials. Therefore, this research is fundamental because it is an innovation for teaching materials for Sundanese language or literature that users can easily access anywhere and anytime. After all, they are available in electronic media.
Based on the background that has been described, the formulation of the problem in this study are: 1) how is the process of developing an android-based e-book application using Sugiyono's research flow for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials; 2) how is the feasibility of an android-based e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials. This study aims to design an Android-based e-book application in which there is material about the Sundanese pupujian/nadoman son of Adam and then test its feasibility.

METHODS
The design of an Android-based e-book application is development research (R&D). According to Gay (Hanafi, 2017:133), development research is a study that develops a product. According to Sugiyono (Hermanto et al., 2015:16), development research is the method used to produce a product and test the product's feasibility. The sampling technique is carried out using purposive sampling, namely sampling based on specific characteristics or traits estimated to have a close relationship with the characteristics or qualities that exist in the population previously known (Narbuko & Achmadi, 2011:17). The sample in this study was the 4th-semester students of the Regional Language and Literature Education Study Program, STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation, and tests. Meanwhile, the validity test (validation) was carried out by material and media experts, normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing for data analysts. According to Sugiyono (2013:298), the research flow can be seen in Figure 1. 1. Potential and problems, the analysis is seen from the teaching materials, the learning process in the classroom, learning media, students, and the student learning environment. 2. Data collection: The data collected is the pupujian/Nadoman Anak Adam teaching material to be used as an Android-based e-book. The collection of information related to Sundanese pupujian materials was obtained from material books on literature. Examples of Sundanese pupujian or Nadoman Anak Adam are obtained from the book Nadoman Anak Adam, and the writing uses Arabic letters while the language uses Sundanese. 3. Product design, At the design stage, researchers collect information related to learning/reference sources in the form of Sundanese pupujian materials from reference books and Nadoman Anak Adam's book. The product design stage designs Sundanese pupujian to become an Android-based e-book teaching material. Haris (Fitriani & Rohayati, 2013:13), stated that e-books are electronic books in which text or images are presented in a digital format, which can be accessed by anyone. The android-based e-book design presents Sundanese pupujian and examples of Sundanese pupujian or Nadoman Anak Adam. 4. Design validation was carried out to material experts and media experts. Before the research, this design validation was used to determine whether the Android-based ebook media or teaching materials for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials were feasible or not used in product trials. Design validation using Akbar's reference formula (Patmawati, 2016:96), is carried out by: a. Calculating the validity score with the formula: b. The results of the above are matched with the main reference validation criteria 01,00 -50,00 % Not feasible 5. Design revision, at this stage, improves the teaching materials' design for the Nadoman Anak Adam using an Android-based e-book. 6. Product Trial, Product trial of pupujian/Nadoman Anak Adam teaching materials using android-based e-books for lecturers and students who contracted the Old Literary History course. After the trial, to determine the students' understanding before and after using the pupujian teaching materials using e-books in the old literature course, the researchers analyzed the data using normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing. The SPSS.26 program assisted the data analysis in this study. 7. Product revision, namely revising the product tested as an evaluation material or improvement of teaching materials. 8. Trial of use, in addition to the Regional Language Education study program, this product is tested for use in other study programs. 9. Product revision. 10. Mass production, namely pupujian/Nadoman Anak Adam teaching materials using Android-based e-books, can be mass-produced.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION
At the stage of analyzing problems in the field related to the Sundanese pupujian material and the learning media used in the old literary history course. Researchers used literature studies and field studies. The material analysis is seen from the Semester Learning Plan (RPS) used in the old literary history course in the Regional Language and Literature Education study program at STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan. In addition, evaluations related to implementing the old literary history course are carried out by looking at the history of lecturer evaluations by students in the previous semester related to old literary history lectures.

Design Validation
Validation of media and material design using Akbar's reference formula (Fatmawati, 2016:96), obtained the following results: 110 X 100% = 89% Meanwhile, for material validation, the values obtained are:

Design Revision
Design validation was carried out after validation from experts related to the design of Sundanese pupujian teaching materials using an Android-based e-book. Design revisions were made on the advice of the validator's assessment. The suggestions are as follows: 1. Revision of the media validator: the use of fonts was adjusted to make it easier to read, the function of the keys to be further refined, and the spelling writing to be improved, such as the use of spaces for each word capital letters. 2. Revised material validator: language should use two languages so that there is a transliteration process from Sundanese to Indonesian.

Product Trial
The trial was conducted on Regional Language and Literature Education students in STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan semester 4. The results of the pretest students before using the android-based e-book application obtained an average pretest score of 56.42. Meanwhile, after using an Android-based e-book application, the average posttest value was 77.21. The data analysis used in this research is normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis testing.

Normality test
According to Umar (Waspodo et al., 2013:105), the normality test is used to determine the attachment of a variable. In this study, the normality test was used with the One-Sample Kolmogorov Smirnov using SPSS.26. the results obtained a significance value of 0.200> 0.05.

Homogeneity Test
Sugiyono (Ramadan & Triwahyuni, 2020:132), the homogeneity test tests two data with a definite distribution. The results in the homogeneity test obtained a value based on the mean, namely 0.015 > 0.05.

Hypothesis testing
The hypothesis test used in this research is the paired sample t-test using the SPSS 26 program. The sig value is obtained. (2-tailed) that is 0.000 < 0.05.

Product Revision
At this stage, the researcher revised again to find out the lack of Sundanese Pupujian teaching materials using an android-based e-book after being used in trial activities. The revision is that several writings in the text of pupujian are small in size, so that they must be revised so that all students can see them.

Tria Usage
The use trial was also used on pupujian material in other study programs studying Regional Language Education courses that presented Sundanese pupujian material.

Product Revision
The product revision was done by perfecting the Sundanese pupujian teaching materials using an Android-based e-book to be ready for mass production by uploading them to the play store. There are no further revisions for the pupujian/Nadoman Anak Adam application product.

Mass Production
Producing Sundanese pupujian teaching materials using an Android-based e-book can already be mass-produced and applied at STKIP Muhammadiyah in particular and, in general, all people who want to understand Sundanese pupujian is being planned to be uploaded on the play store. The product description is as follows:

Main Page
The main page is the opening page of the pupujian/Nadoman Anak Adam application. The appearance is as follows:   The menu of understanding material explains pupujian meaning, consisting of two languages, namely the regional language (Sundanese) and Indonesian. The appearance is as follows :    The closing menu is the closing part of applying Sundanese pupujian teaching materials / Nadoman Anak Adam using an Android-based e-book. A thank you to all parties involved in the preparation of this application. The appearance is as follows:

Figure 14. Closing Menu
This discussion presents the overall design of an Android-based e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials using development research (R&D) with a research flow according to Sugiyono (2013:298). This research begins with the problems and potentials in the Muhammadiyah College and Teacher Training Program (STKIP) for the 4th semester of the Regional Language and Literature Education Study Program, which teaches old literature courses. The teaching materials on campus are still in the form of printed books provided in the library in limited quantities. This causes students' understanding in recognizing Sundanese pupujian is very lacking due to inadequate media or teaching materials. Munadi (Muhammad et al., 2015:172) states that the new education system demands new factors and conditions about physical and non-physical facilities. Educators must use equipment or teaching materials that are more effective and efficient. The potential in this research is to develop Sundanese pupujian teaching materials which are innovative, creative, effective, and efficient so that these teaching materials can be accessed easily by students and lecturers. The teaching material is an e-book about Sundanese hymns packaged in an electronic device that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. This is in line with the opinion of Winters (Fitriani & Rohayati, 2019:16) "Mobile learning refers to any form of learning mediated through a mobile device, which can take place anywhere, anytime and at the convenience of the learners." In addition, with this e-book, it is hoped that it can help students learn material that is incomplete in textbooks.
After analyzing the potential and problems, the researcher designed an androidbased e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials, consisting of the main page of the adam child pupujian e-book, a menu about applications, and a material and a closing menu. The material contained in this e-book includes: 1) the meaning of pupujian, 2) the history of pupujian, 3) the characteristics of pupujian, 4) the form of pupujian, 5) the function of pupujian, 6) types of pupujian, 7) the content of pupujian, 8 ) Variety of Languages of pupujian, 9) Nadoman Son of Adam. Nadom (Sundanese pupujian) is a series of words or sentences in which there are stanzas, lines and lines or in Sundanese known as Padalisan, nadom, or Sundanese pupujian can be used as an educational medium commonly used in Sundanese language material or Sundanese literature that can be sung (Syafe'i et al., 2021:109).
After the android-based e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials was created, the next stage was to validate the product design to fabric and media experts to determine whether the product was suitable for use. Two expert validators carried the product validation, namely STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan lecturers. At the validation stage in this study, a percentage score of 89% was obtained. In contrast, for material validation, a percentage score was 88%; it can be concluded that the media and materials in this study can be included in very valid criteria because the score obtained is at a percentage of 85.01% -100.00%. After the validation test, several points must be revised from the android-based e-book application product for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials, including from the material validator. Namely, the language should use two languages to transliterate the process from Sundanese to Indonesian. In contrast, the media validator provides input on adjusted fonts to make them easier to read, key functions to be further refined, and spelling to be improved, such as the use of spaces for each capital letter word.
After validation of the product to experts and revisions are made, the Androidbased e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials can be tested for feasibility. Respondents in the product feasibility test were students of STKIP Muhammadiyah Study Program of Regional Language and Literature Education semester 4. Collecting data to test android-based e-book products using a student understanding test sheet of Sundanese pupujian material. Students were given a pretest and posttest questions before and after implementing the use Android-based e-book application for teaching materials on Sundanese pupujian material. After the product was tested and there was an increase in the results of student understanding in the pretest and posttest, the researcher revised the product to perfect the e-book application so that the product could be used properly by lecturers and students and could be tested for use in other study programs. Who learns about Sundanese pupujian material? After going through several stages of an Android-based e-book application, it can be uploaded to the Playstore and is ready for mass production. It can be concluded that an Android-based e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials is considered "worthy" to be implemented as a teaching tool for lecturers to deliver Sundanese pupujian material to students.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the design of an Android-based e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials, it can be concluded that designing a media requires a process that is not short, from the initial process of looking for potential problems to mass-producing the teaching materials. In addition, based on the results tested through data collection techniques with a one-group pretest-posttest design, it shows that e-book-based learning media can be used to improve students' understanding and ability in old literary history courses. Therefore, an Android-based e-book application for Sundanese pupujian teaching materials can be implemented and is suitable for use in the learning and learning process.