Perempuan Teroris Partisipatoris: Pertarungan Gender, Lokalitas, dan Universalitas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/Arif.041.09Keywords:
budaya, perempuan teroris, tafsir, teroris partisipatoriAbstract
Makalah ini memaknai fungsi perempuan teroris dalam kebebasan dan domestikasi melalui perspektif partisipasi Ranciere. Hal itu berdasarkan pada enam masalah yang terdapat di dalam paper yang diterbitkan oleh Atabik berjudul "Jihad And Interpretation Of Religious Texts On Female Terrorists In Indonesia" (2023). Paper itu menjelaskan bahwa perempuan tidak memiliki peran penting dalam terorisme, sedangkan dalam makalah ini memiliki asumsi sebaliknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis wacana dalam perspesktif Ranciere. Data utama diambil dalam kasus terorisme pada 2020. Data secara umum menyatakan bahwa politik terorisme mengangkat tentang hubungan antara teroris laki-laki dan perempuan serta perempuan gerakan terorisme di Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan hermeneutik yang dikembangkan Ranciere, Gidden, dan Arendt, data-data diamati dengan metode membaca dekat. Hasilnya perempuan teroris memiliki peran penting dan melepaskan stereotipe lama. Peran ini disebut dengan teroris partisipatori. Hal itu didasarkan pada semangat kebebasan dan kesetaraan gender.
References
Aditya P.Y., Muradi, Y. A. (2019). The Strategy of The Youth Organization of Sapma Pemuda Pancasila DKI Jakarta in Contra-Radicalism. Jurnal Peperangan Asimetris | April 2019, Volume 5, Nomor 1.
Amanah Nu, Muslim-Christian. (2022) Conflict and the Rise of Laskar Jihad: Tracing Islamophobia in Central Sulawesi – Indonesia. Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies (QIJIS) Volume 10, Number 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i2.8776
Amelia W.O. (2022). Deradikalisasi Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme pada Teroris Wanita dalam Upaya Pertahanan Negara. Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan.
Amelia, F., Pujo Widodo, Arief Budiarto. (2020). Motivasi Wanita sebagai Pelaku Aksi Terorisme di Indonesia. Journal of Peperangan Asimetris Vol 6, No 1.
Arendt, H. (1976). The Origins of Totalitarianism. London: Harvest.
Arendt, H. (1977). Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Penguin Books.
Atabik, A.M.M. (2023). Jihad and Interpretation of Religious Texts on Female Terrorists in Indonesia (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies (QIJIS) Volume 11, Number 1, 2023 (PP : 1 ̶ 30). https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/QIJIS/index. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v11i1.16342
Bigio, J. and Rachel Vogelstein. (2019). Understanding Women’s Roles in Terrorism. In Women and Terrorism. Hidden Threats, Forgotten Partners, Council on Foreign Relations. http: www. cfr.org. Published May. 1, 2019.
Noeda. (2020). Empowering Women Workshop Report by The Nato Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism. 22 ̶ 24 September 2020, Coe-Dat, Ankara, Turkey.
Friedman, M. (2007). Female Terrorists: What Difference Does Gender Make? Journal of Social Philosophy Today Volume 23, 2007. Pages 189 ̶200. https://doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday20072310
Giddens, A. (1993). The New Rule of Sociological Method. Hong Kong: Cornwall.
Glynn, R. (2009). Writing the terrorist self: the unspeakable alterity of Italy's female perpetrators. Jurnal of Feminist Review No. 92 (2009), pp. 1 ̶ 18 (18 pages), published By Sage Publications, Ltd
Golose, P.R. (2010). Deradikalisasi Terorisme: Humanis, Soul Approoach dan Menyentuh Akar Rumput. Jakarta: YPKIK.
Gray. (1993). Hannah Arendt, Feminism, and the Politics of Alterity: What Will We Lose If We Win? Jurnal of Hypatia, Vol. 8. No. 1, (35-54). https://www.jstor.org/stable/3810300.
Gungwu, W. (1981). Community and Nation: Essays on Southeast Asia and he Chinese. Singapore: Heinemann for ASAA.
Hambali, A. (2017). Kesetaraan Radikal: Analisis Pemikiran Pendidikan Jacques Racnciere. Thesis Bachelor Degree for Jakarta State University.
Hendropriyono, A.M. (2009). Terorisme: Fundamentalisme Kristen, Yahudi, Islam. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas.
Huber L. (2019). When Civilians Are Attacked: Gender Equality and Terrorist Targeting. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2019;63(10):2289-2318. doi:10.1177/0022002719835601
Kasdi, A. (2019). Reconstruction of Fiqh Nusantara: Developing the Ijtihad Methodology in Formulating Fiqh from Indonesian Perspective. QIJIS: Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies. Volume 7, Number 2, 2019. DOI : 10.21043/qijis.v7i2.4797
Kemenkumham. (2023). 2 Napi Terorisme di Lapasperempuan Yogyakarta Nyatakan Ikrar Setia kepada NKRI. https://jogja.kemenkumham.go.id/berita-kanwil/berita-utama/2-napi-terorisme-di-lapas-perempuan-yogyakarta-nyatakan-ikrar-setia-kepada-nkri. Accessed March 23th 2023.
Kesuma, A. S., Halim A., Syam N. (2022) The Religious Politics of Habaib in Surabaya and Bangil East Java: A Socio-Religio-Political Approach. Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies (QIJIS) Volume 10, Number 2, 2022 (PP: 285 ̶ 318. https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/QIJIS/index. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i2.12090
Kohn, J. (Ed.). (1954) Essays in understanding, 1930 ̶ 1954. New York, Harcourt Brace and Company, 298.
Kumparan. (2021). Perempuan di Sarang Teror. 2018. https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/perempuan-di-sarang-teror. (accessed on May 29th, 2023).
Makin DA, Hoard S. (2014). Understanding the Gender Gap in Domestic Terrorism Through Criminal Participation. Journal of Criminal Justice Policy Review. 25(5): 531 ̶ 552 2014. https: doi:10.1177/0887403413478016
Metropolis M. (2008). Jacques Rancière: Aesthetics is Politics. Journal Art & Research.org. Volume 2. No. 1. Summer 2008. https://sophieberrebi.net/On-Photographing-Building-and-Stitching-Interview-with-Berend-Strik
Miftahuddin, H.T., Burhan Yusuf Habibi, Muhammad Nazil Iqdami. (2022) Religious Psychosocial Healing for the Trauma of the Children of the Terrorists. Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies (QIJIS) Volume 10, Number 2, 2022 (PP : 319-356) https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/QIJIS/index. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i2.14661
Morgades-Bamba, C.I., Patrick Raynal & Henri Chabrol. (2020). Exploring the Radicalization Process in Young Women. Terrorism and Political Violence, 32: 7, 1439 ̶ 1457, DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2018.1481051
Munte, A., and Desi Natalia. (2022). Contribution of Obedience According to Hannah Arendt Philosophy towards Terrorist Women in Indonesia. Journal AL-Huwiyah Vol 2, No 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.24042/jwcs.v2i1.11757
NATO. (2020). Gender and Counter-Terrorism.
Ni Made, Y., I Gede Sumertha KY. (2020). Intelligence Strategies in The Joint Defence of The State (Arthasastra Text Study). Jurnal Peperangan Asimetris Volume 6 Nomor 2 Tahun 2020.
Nietzsche, F. (1999). Senjakala Berhala dan Anti-Krist. Terjemahan Hartono Hadikusumo. Yogyakarta: Bentang Budaya.
Nietzsche, F. (1956). The Birth of Tragedy. New York: Double Day.
Nietzsche, F. (1996). Thus Spoke Zarathustra. New York: Mithuen.
Nurkhalis. (2022). Islamophobia and Terrorism in Indonesia: An Approach on Neuroscience
OSCE– OSCE ODIHR. (2011). Women and Terrorist Radicalization Final Report. OSCE Secretariat – OSCE ODIHR Expert Roundtables, Preventing Women Terrorist Radicalization. Vienna, 12 December 2011.
Permendikbud. (2013). Permendikbud Nomor 23 tahun 2013 sebagai perubahan atas Permen no 19 tahun 2005 tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pendidikan.
Permendikbud. (2013). Permendikbud Nomor 81A Tahun 2013 tentang Implementasi Kurikulum.
Petrusenko, Nadesda. (2018). Creating Revolusionary the Heroine: The Case of Female Terrorist of the PSR (Russia, Beginning of 20th century). Academic Dissertation for Stockholm University.
Pujo W., Febyorita Amelia, Nining Parlina, Lilly S. Wasitova, Mulawarman Hannase, Muhamad Syauqillah. (2022). Women's Involvement in Terrorism in Indonesia from a Psychological and Legal Perspective. Journal of Positive School Psychology http://journalppw.com 2022, Vol. 6, No. 5.
Qori'ah, S.M. (2019). Women's Involvement in Acts of Terrorism in Indonesia. Sawwa: Journal of Gender Studies – Vol 14, No 1 (2019).
Ranciere, J. (1991). The Ignorant Schoolmaster: Five Lesson in Inttelectual Emancipation. tj.
Ranciere, J. (1995). On the Shores of Politics. New York: Verso.
Ranciere, J. (1998). Disagreement: Politics and Philosophy. Translated by Julie Rose. Mineapolis: Univerity of Minnesota Press.
Ranciere, J. (1999b). Dis-agreement: Politics and Philosophy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Ranciere, J. (2008). Aesthetic Separation, Aesthetic Community.
Ranciere, J. (1999). Disagreement: Politics and Philosophy. Mineapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.
Ranciere, J. (2003). Philosopher and His Poor. Durham: Duke University Press.
Ranciere, J. (2004). The Politics of Aesthetics. New York: Continuum.
Reid, A. (2004). Sejarah Modern Awal Asia Tenggara. Terjemahan Indonesia oleh Sori Siregar. Jakarta LP3ES.
Rohman, S. (2010). Hermeneutik: Desain Penelitian dan Analisis. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Rohman, S. (2019). Stlistika Posmodern. Jakarta: UNJ Press.
Ruth, D.M. (2010). Memutus Mata Rantai Radikalisme dan Terorisme. Jakarta: Lazuardi Birru.
Silaen, V. (2011). Rencana Pelibatan TNI untuk Memerangi Terorisme. Ary Suta Series on Management, April 2011.
Suciati and Azizah M.E. (2018). The Existence of Kudus Islamic Local Culture to Prevent Radicalism in Globalization Era. QIJIS: Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018.
Surya.co.id. (2021). Biodata ZA, Wanita Terduga Teroris Penyerang Mabes Polri, Disebut Tak Datang Sendirian. Accessed 31 Maret 2021.
Suta, I Putu Gede. (2010). Role of Intelligence. The ASC Series on Management. April 2010.
Tausczik, Y., & Pennebaker, J. (2010). The Psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language & Social Psychology, 29(1), 24 ̶ 54 2010.
Third, Amanda. (2014). Mediating the Female Terrorist: Patricia Hearst and the Containment of the Feminist Terrorist Threat in the United States in the 1970s. Journal of Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung Vol. 39, No. 3 (149), Special Issue: Terrorism, Gender, and History. State of Research, Concepts, Case Studies (2014), pp. 150 ̶175 (26 pages).
Tunde Agara. (2015). Gendering Terrorism: Women, Gender, Terrorism and Suicide Bombers. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 6(1); June 2015.
Undang-Undang. (2023). Undang-Undang No 15 tahun 2003 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Volume 10, Number 2, 2022 (PP: 479 ̶516) https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/QIJIS/index. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v10i2.8776.
Wolters, O.W. (1982). History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asia Perspective. Singapore. ISEAS.
Yarrow, E.Y. 2020. Gendering Security: The Roles of Young Women and Girls in Terrorism and in Countering Violent Extremism Get access Arrow. Edited by Charles W Greenbaum. Oxford: Oxfortd University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/-oso/9780190874551.003.0020.