Profile of students conservation attitudes in forest management and plant diversity management based on local wisdom

The diversity of plant species found in the Temedak customary forest is relatively high but residents should not use it freely. Residents are prohibited from cutting or taking wood from the forest, they can only take fruit, rattan and bamboo for their own consumption and must have the permission of local traditional leaders. The higher the diversity of plants found in the Temedak customary forest, the higher the threat from outside. This is evidenced by the theft of wood, bamboo and other plants in the Temedak customary forest carried out by irresponsible people. For this reason, conservation attitude profile data is needed to identify categories of each indicator of students' conservation    attitudes    in    protecting    and    overcoming    surrounding biodiversity problems. This research uses quantitative descriptive method. Research participants   included   housewives,   village   shamans,   local   or community leaders. The instruments used are in the form of field notes of interview   guidelines    and    conservation    attitude    questionnaires.    The questionnaire was in the form of 38 statements tested to XI MIPA SMA students consisting of 40 respondents. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Temedak customary forest has endemic plant species, namely pacat wood (Harpullia arborea) and carrion flowers namely Amorphophallus gigas. There are 57 types of plants that generally used by the people of Keluru Village such as foodstuffs, buildings, medicins, wicker, local technology and art, as well as for the benefit or complement of traditional ceremonies. The results of obtaining student conservation attitudes from 40 respondents showed differences in each indicator.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is blessed with one of the most extensive and most biodiverse tropical forests in the not too long period of time there has been significant forest destruction throughout Indonesia (Forest Watch Indonesia, 2017).Based on data from the World Resources Institute (WRI) Indonesia is included in the category of 10 countries with the highest rate of tropical rainforest loss in 2018.In that year Indonesia lost 339,888 ha of primary tropical rainforest.The figure is third only to Brazil and Congo.Forest fires and agricultural land conversion are the main drivers of deforestation in Indonesia (Ministry of Environment and Forestry, 2019).One of the environmental problems related to the destruction of Indonesia's forest natural resources can be found in Jambi Province Various studies have shown that the involvement of local communities in forest management has positive implications for forest sustainability.Santika et al. (2017), also argue that community-managed forest management is a solution to reduce deforestation while improving community welfare, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia.Sustainable use is one of the efforts made by local communities in Indonesia that can save conservation efforts (Silalahi, 2015).Ma'arif et al. (2012), previously stated that each community group has its own knowledge and way of regulating the environment for their survival, or what is known as local wisdom.One form of environmentally friendly forest management has been carried out by the people of Keluru Village, Jambi province by applying local wisdom in forest management and plant diversity management in the Temedak customary forest.Temedak customary forest is located in Jambi province.This forest is precisely located in Keluru Village, Kerinci Regency.Based on preliminary observations, Temedak customary forest is a forest that has an area of 23 ha and is the first time in the Jambi province area that has a decree from the regent of Kerinci Regency and was confirmed by the Jambi provincial government, as well as being a pilot for other districts that want to create customary forests.Temedak customary forest is surrounded by lush rice fields and mixed gardens that support people's lives.This forest is 500 meters from residential areas and has a fairly high diversity of plant species.The most interesting thing that is in the Temedak customary forest is that pacat wood (Harpullia arborea) can be found.In addition, a variety of wild orchids and carrion flowers of Amorphophallus gigas are also found that thrive in the Temedak customary forest area.
The large diversity of plant species found in the Temedak customary forest does not mean that the people of Keluru village can use it freely.Residents are prohibited from cutting or taking wood from the forest, they can only take fruit, rattan and bamboo for their own consumption and even then they must have the permission and knowledge of local traditional leaders.As stated by Ferry et al. (2017), the Temedak customary forest is managed by the Keluru village community by applying local wisdom that aims to avoid damage to the forest, and so that the forest can be passed on to the next generation.However, the higher the diversity of plants found in the Temedak customary forest, the higher the threat from outside.This is evidenced by the rampant theft of wood, bamboo and other plants in the Temedak customary forest carried out by irresponsible people.This is supported by the results of research by Ferry et al. (2017), that there used to be theft of wood roots carried out by residents of the village next door which ended with customary law.In fact, forests are the last defense to protect flora and fauna, in addition to their function to prevent floods, droughts and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming.
One of the problems that occurs in the Temedak customary forest is caused by the lack of awareness in a person about their environment.As stated by Thapa (1999) that by creating environmental awareness among the community especially students is the best way because they are future leaders, planners, policymakers and environmental educators.Dasrita et al. (2015) also revealed that environmental awareness is formed from the knowledge and experience of students interacting with the surrounding environment.In addition, the absence of conservation education learning applied in schools is one of the causes of the lack of conservation attitudes that students have towards the biodiversity around their residences.Saroyo et al. (2019), also added that conservation education carried out at an early age plays an important role in shaping the character of society in the future.Leksono et al. (2007), previously explained that low awareness in protecting the environment is caused by an inappropriate learning system.The learning process of biodiversity conservation at this time still focuses on cognitive abilities only and has not developed many affective aspects of students.Another problem, the development of science and technology has also resulted in the formation of various negative activities such as exploration of mining sources, free use of forests, hunting of protected animals and so on.Therefore, it is necessary to have a solid student conservation attitude in following the flow of scientific and technological developments but still caring about environmental sustainability.As stated by Ichsan et al. (2019), environmental care behavior is important for every individual to have because it will keep the environment in good condition so that it can be passed on to the next generation.In addition, people's understanding of biodiversity conservation is still weak, so their concern for conservation is also low (Fischer and Young, 2007).Research on the profile of students' conservation attitudes in forest management and plant diversity management based on local wisdom in the Temedak customary forest of Jambi province is important to be carried out in order to identify the conservation attitudes that students have in protecting and overcoming biodiversity problems around them.

Research Design
This study used quantitative descriptive methods and data collection techniques in the form of interview guides and conservation attitude questionnaires.The subjects in the study included housewives, village shamans, local traditional leaders, and 40 respondents from class XI MIPA students.The object of the research is a description of local wisdom data and student conservation attitude profile data.The location of this study is in the Temedak customary forest area in Keluru Village, Keliling Danau District, Kerinci Regency.

Population and Samples
The research population in the preliminary study is the local wisdom possessed by the people of Keluru Village, especially those related to forest management and plant diversity management in the Temedak customary forest.The sampling technique used in this study was the snowball sampling technique, where the researcher asked participants to recommend others to become members of the sample.For key participants as guardian, the key participants include housewives, village shamans, local traditional leaders or communities who have knowledge about forest management and plant diversity management in the Temedak customary forest, and the use of plants that are generally used by the people of Keluru Village.
In addition, data were also taken on the profile of student conservation attitudes in forest management and plant diversity based on local wisdom in the Temedak customary forest obtained from student responses at one of the Kerinci State High Schools whose school location is close to the Temedak customary forest.School selection is carried out by the purposive sampling method, where the school is selected based on consideration, namely the location of the school, which is close to the Temedak customary forest or proximity to the data taken.

Instrument 1. Field note
Researchers use field notes to record all conversations with data sources or informants.This field record was used during the researcher's observation in the Keluru Village area.

Interview guidelines
The interview guidelines contain a compiled and flexible list of questions and informant resources tailored to the situation and conditions in the field.Researchers become developers of instruments based on empirical symptoms that appear in the field.Interview guidelines are used by researchers as a reference for the terms of questions that will be asked by researchers to informants.

Conservation Attitude Questionnaire
This questionnaire contains positive and negative statements related to wisdom in forest management and plant diversity in the Temedak customary forest consisting of five indicators (Trombulak et al., 2004) namely: the objectives and principles of conservation biology, values, concepts, threats and protective measures about biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health interests.

Procedure
Researchers use field note guides to make observations.In addition, using interview guidelines to obtain information from traditional leaders and the community of Keluru Village The main instrument used in this study was a questionnaire with five indicators spread across 38 positive and negative

Data Analysis Techniques
The data that has been obtained is then processed to obtain data, answers and conclusions from the research.This data processing can be done in the following ways: 1. Determination of the weight of the conservation attitude scale score Scoring is done on each statement.Statements consist of positive and negative ones.Positive statements are scored 4 for the Strongly Agree (SS) option, a score of 3 for Agree (S), a score of 2 for disagree (TS), and a score of 1 for Strongly Disagree (STS).As for the negative statements, it gives a score of 1 for the Strongly Agree (SS) option, a score of 2 for Agree (S), a score of 3 for Disagree (TS), and a score of 4 for Strongly Disagree (STS).2. Make a recapitulation of data from positive and negative statements based on the attitude assessment rubric and calculate the percentage of attitudes of each student using the formula according to Purwanto (2012)   except for local communities in forest protection activities and with the permission of traditional leaders, mamak grandmothers, and village heads.6.It is forbidden to build village social facilities (asphalt roads, schools, mosques, etc.) or residential buildings permanently within the Temedak customary forest.7. It is forbidden to kill species of animals that play an important role in pollination of plants, predators of pests of cultivated plant diseases, soil fertilisers, especially animals that are classified as E-ISSN: 2614-3984 67 endangered or protected animals, unless these species threaten and harm the lives of many people by handling them by the competent authorities.8. Temedak customary forest is only used as a place to find long wood, short wood, ijuk, cigarettes, firewood, bamboo, pecan or kemintan, jengkol, rattan or other forest products, as well as a place for buffalo paddocks.

Local Wisdom in The Management of Plant Diversity in Temedak Customary Forest
Based on the results of interviews with traditional leaders of Keluru Village, the management of plant diversity carried out by the people of Keluru Village has occurred from generation to generation.Related to the management of plant diversity in the Temedak customary forest, the traditional leaders of Keluru Village make rules (local wisdom) as the controller of the Keluru Village community in managing plant diversity in the Temedak customary forest, including: 1. Logging in the Temedak customary forest is only permitted for the benefit of Keluru Village (for example to build mosques, prayer rooms, etc.), but even then it must be according to customary rules and joint decisions or cannot be cut down carelessly, not allowed to be traded either on a large scale or on a small scale, and theft of timber or illegal logging is a strictly prohibited act.2. Do not cut down trees located near water sources, ravines and creeks.3. The use of vegetation in the Temedak customary forest should only be used for the benefit of the village community in small quantities, for example for traditional medicines, the needs of the kanuhi adot sudeah nuai ceremony (kenduri adat has been harvested) or rituals and cooking ingredients, but still must be with the permission and knowledge of local traditional leaders.4.Not destroying plant species that are categorized as key food sources for animal food, unique plant types, and sources of raw materials for traditional medicines.
The local wisdom possessed by the people of Keluru Village, especially those related to the management of the Temedak customary forest and the management of plant diversity in the Temedak customary forest, has proven to be able to create an ecosystem balance in it as well as have an impact on the forest, which continues to provide extraordinary benefits for the local community.This is also evidenced by the receipt of various awards by the traditional institutions of Keluru Village.That is, human activity and behavior have a huge influence on the existence of his natural environment.On the other hand, when humans act arbitrarily towards the natural environment, that causes damage, then humans also have an effect as a reaction to nature due to human actions.Ancestral tigers also supervise the social behavior of the people of Keluru Village, people who violate the rules in behaving (misbehaving) can be punished by ancestral tigers.This was also explained by Ferry et al. (2017) that the local wisdom of the Keluru Village community has existed since the past and is still respected and obeyed by the people of Keluru Village.The people of Keluru Village believe in the existence of "ancestral tigers and "ihyang goats".They believe that if there is a violation of the rules, then the ihyang goat, which is the former pet of the ancestors, still exists and will appear.Likewise with the existence of ancestral tigers who are believed to guard the Temedak customary forest.

Types of Endemic Plants in the Temedak Customary Forest
One of these endemic plant species can be found in the Temedak customary forest, namely pacat wood (Harpullia arborea) and the carrion flower species Amorphophallus gigas.The following is an explanation of pacat wood (Harpullia arborea) and the carrion flower Amorphophallus gigas, namely: a. Pacat wood (Harpullia arborea) One of the uniqueness of the Temedak customary forest is the discovery of endemic plant species.One of the endemic plant species that can be found in the Temedak customary forest is the pacat wood plant.Pacat wood has the Latin name " Harpullia arborea " also known by researchers from the Bogor botanical garden as the pearl of the Temedak customary forest.Based on the results of preliminary observations, pacat wood is often used by the people of Keluru Village as raw material for making household furniture such as cabinets, tables and chairs.According to Basuni & Haidir (1997), the uniqueness of this pacat wood is due to its distinctive decorative properties, colored in a combination of white and blackish brown.It is said that this property comes from the substance released by the pacat log which is wound and over time will change the color of the wood surface to blackish brown.Therefore, not all pacat wood has this kind of distinctive pattern, except for those that have suffered stem wounds.
Based on the results of researchers' observations, in the Temedak customary forest where pacat wood grows, it is found in areas with steep marbles and high cliffs.Kostermans (1982) suggests that the place where pacat wood grows is in the middle or lower mountains of arid areas and is sometimes found also in lowland tropical rainforest areas.Pacat wood is classified into the Sapindaceae family and is one of the typical Kerinci plants.In addition, pacat wood can also be found in Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS).Pacat wood is declared rare or found limited in Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS) but does not include flora protected under PP.No. 7 of 1999.
Based on preliminary observations, the high selling value and growing demand for pacat wood make pacat wood scarce, including in the Temedak customary forest.The use of pacat wood by the people of Keluru Village used to be banless, but now it is a little difficult to find large pacat wood in the Temedak customary forest, so the traditional leaders of Keluru Village made a ban on cutting pacat wood until the pacat wood could develop again.The ban is obeyed by all the people of Keluru Village and as a manifestation of the conservation of endemic plants in the Temedak customary forest.

b. Carrion Flower (Amorphophallus)
Another endemic plant species that can be found in the Temedak customary forest is the carrion flower, or which has the Latin name "Amorphophallus" and belongs to the family Araceae (tarotalasan).Hetterscheid & Ittenbach (1996) revealed that there are 25 types of Amorphophallus in Indonesia, 18 of which are endemic: 8 types in Sumatra, 3 types in Kalimantan, 5 types in Java, and 1 type in Sulawesi.Amorphophallus undergoes two phases in its life that take place alternately and continuously, consisting of the vegetative phase and the generative phase.When the carrion flower undergoes a generative phase (blooming of flowers), this highest compound flower will emit a pungent odor like the smell of carrion.This stench serves as a lure for flies and beetles, which the insects will contribute to the pollination process (Munawaroh, 2014).
Some of the Amorphophallus species are rare Indonesian plants whose taxon populations tend to decline, both in the number of individuals and from their genetic diversity.Based on the results of preliminary document analysis and researchers' observations, one type of carrion flower that can be found in the Temedak customary forest area is Amorphophallus gigas.According to Rambey et al., (2022) the carrion flower of the type Amorphophallus gigas is one of the Amorphophallus species endemic to Sumatra which is protected by law in Indonesia.In addition, Amorphophallus gigas is one of the giant and tallest Amorphophallus in the world.
Its population in the wild is decreasing due to various factors mainly due to habitat degradation (Rambey et al., 2022).Generally, Amorphophallus gigas is found in secondary forests on steep, hilly slopes with fairly good soil aeration.However, this type of Amorphophallus gigas sometimes also grows in the fields of the population, so with the ignorance of the local people towards this type they often exterminate this plant because it is considered a nuisance (Yuzammi, 2009).Based on the results of preliminary observations, "bungo bangkeai" as the Keluru Village community calls Amorphophallus gigas in the Temedak customary forest its existence has never been disturbed by the local community, so that Amorphophallus gigas can live and thrive in the Temedak customary forest area.In addition, every time one of the residents passes through the Temedak customary forest, it never disturbs or exterminates Amorphophallus gigas, although not many local people know about the exoticism of carrion flowers of this type.This is what makes its existence quite a lot in the Temedak customary forest area.
Based on the results of researchers' observations, in the Temedak customary forest, carrion flowers of this type have varying sizes, some can reach 1 -3.5 meters in height, both in the form of vegetative and generative phases.This is also supported by the explanation of Yuzammi (2009) that the Amorphophallus gigas plant in the generative phase can reach a height of 3.35 meters, while in the vegetative phase the average can reach a height of 0.81-3.44meters.However, it is a little difficult to find Amorphophallus gigas at the time of flower blooming (generative phase) in the Temedak customary forest.

Plants Commonly Used by the People of Keluru Village
More than 6000 types of flowering plants, both wild and cultivated, are recognized and used for food, clothing, protection and medicinal purposes.Indonesians consume no less than 100 types of herbs and seeds as a source of carbohydrates, as well as no less than 100 types of nuts, 450 types of fruits and 250 types of vegetables and mushrooms (KMNLH, 2007).According to Rahayu and Rugayah (2007), the level of knowledge about the management and utilization of plant species diversity in each tribe or community group will be different from one another.This is due to differences in culture, customs and environmental conditions in which they live.
Setiawan & Qiptiyah (2014) also explained that the tradition of knowledge of local people in rural areas about the use of plants to meet daily needs has been going on for a long time.This knowledge starts from the trial of various types of plants to meet daily needs.The tradition of using this plant has been partially proven scientifically correct, especially for medicinal plants.One of the local communities that still uses plants to meet their daily needs is the people of Keluru Village.To meet their daily needs, the people of Keluru Village still use no less than 57 types of plants as food, buildings, medicines, wicker, local technology and art, as well as for the benefit or complement of traditional ceremonies.Most of these useful plants grow wild in the Temedak customary forest.The following are the types of plants in the Temedak customary forest that are generally used by the people of Keluru Village and have been inventoried by the Keluru Village customary density institution, including the following.

a. Utilization of Plants for Food
Food plants are everything that grows, lives, stems, roots, leaves, and can be consumed by humans.The foodstuffs in question are staple foods, additives, drinks, seasonings, and spices.Based on the results of interviews with housewives and traditional leaders of Keluru Village, the people of Keluru Village depend on their food needs from agricultural products in the fields and in the fields and the results of concocting wild plant species found around them, such as in the Temedak customary forest.The use of plants in the Temedak customary forest as a food source can be divided into three parts, namely food sources in place of staple foods (carbohydrates), food sources in the form of vegetables and food sources in the form of fruits.Overall, there are 10 types of plants that are used as food sources by the people of Keluru Village, which can be seen in Table 2.

b. Utilization of Plants for Medicines
Medicinal plants are all types of plants that are known and believed to have medicinal properties (Abdiyani, 2008).Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the world's population relies on plant-derived medicines for primary health care (Mukherjee & Wahil, 2006).Medicines of plant origin do not contain side effects, this can occur because natural ingredients in traditional medicines do not leave residues in the human body, while synthesis materials in medical drugs will leave residues in the human body (CIFOR, 2007).The superiority of herbal medicinal products causes demand in the global market to be higher and the dependence on medicinal plants taken from nature has caused a decrease in the number of medicinal plants in their natural habitat.Global market demand for herbal medicinal plants is estimated to be worth US$800 billion per year (Kumar et al., 2011).
Based on the results of interviews with village shamans and traditional leaders of Keluru Village, the people of Keluru Village who live around the Temedak customary forest have a traditional medicinal culture, including the use of medicinal plants since the past and have been preserved for generations.In general, the types of plants used by the people of Keluru Village for medicine are wild plants that grow in the Temedak customary forest area.There are 23 types of plants used as traditional medicines, as shown in Table 3 below.The people of Keluru Village more often use and process medicinal plants by boiling.According to Simbala (2016), this is because this method is the easiest to do when compared to direct processing, because both methods must go through several stages in processing.

c. Utilization of Plants for Building Materials
Based on the observations of researchers, the people of Keluru Village know well the various types of plants that are used as building materials.The original house building of the people of Keluru Village 10.21009/biosferjpb.32459 Sari & Susanti E-ISSN: 2614-3984 72 building materials is generally adjusted to its function, for example for poles, roofs, reeds, floors, walls and retainers of house poles.The original house building of the people of Keluru Village in the form of a wooden stilt house, woven walls and boards can be presented in Figure 1.Based on the results of interviews with traditional leaders of Keluru Village, in the past, the people of Keluru Village in building houses took wood from within the Temedak customary forest, but now tree felling is only allowed for the benefit of the village, for example in building prayer rooms, mosques and bridges.In general, they recognize 19 types of trees in the Temedak customary forest that are used as building materials, as shown in Table 4. Based on the observations of researchers, the people of Keluru Village also use plants in the Temedak customary forest as material for local technology and art.Based on the results of interviews with traditional leaders of Keluru Village, the use of plant species in the Temedak customary forest is also widely used to make farming equipment, such as machete wrappers.In addition, certain types are also used as raw materials for making wicker and household furniture.The types of plants include: 1) Equipment to go to the fields and to the fields, for example machete wrapping is made surian wood (Toona sureni) and lulang (Breynia macrophyll), and tutop wood (Macaranga conifera), to make buffalo antan (buffalo carts) using fig wood (Ficus sumatrana), for garden barriers of fellow residents made using barley (Cordyline fruticosa).2) Equipment for catching fish, such as fishing rods made using chinese bamboo (Bambusa multiplex) and bamboo aur oil (Bambusa vulgaris var.vulgaris), straps and lukah are made using rattan (Calamus sp.) 3) Home furnishings such as chairs, cabinets, tables, wall hangings made using pacat wood (Harpullia arborea), medang penjait (Santiria tomentosa), and black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) and jaluko wood (Turpinia sp.) 4) Traditional transportation equipment or transportation used as a means of transportation in rivers and lakes, such as dippers are made using gold medang (Cinnamomum cuspidatum), klat wood (Spatholobus palawanensis Merrill), letung nggang (Aglaia argentea), and letung beras (Aglaia sp.).5) Traditional art utensils, such as flutes are made using tamiang bamboo (Schizostachyum blumei Nees).

e. Utilization of Plants for the Benefit / Complement of Traditional Ceremonies
Traditional ceremonies are actions that are bound by certain rules according to customs.Traditional ceremonies are traditions that still exist, are maintained, and passed down for generations (Rohmah et al., 2014).The level of knowledge of the community is closely related to the use of plants and plant parts used in the procession of customs.The people of Keluru Village are people who still use plants as material for traditional ceremonial processions, for example for the kanuhi adot sudeah nuai (traditional kenduri has been harvested).
Based on the results of the initial document analysis, the kanuhi adot sudeah nuai (traditional kenduri has been harvested) ceremony aims to be a gratitude to God for the harvest in the hope that the upcoming harvest will be even better.During the kanuhi adot sudeah nuai (traditional kenduri has been harvested) all the people of Keluru Village make lemang and exchange lemang with other villagers as a means to show respect and gratitude.Lemang is a ritual food during the kanuhi adot sudeah nuai (traditional kenduri has been harvested) ceremony.For this celebration, the people of Keluru Village take advantage of certain types of plants as presented in Table 5.The sap is burned, then recited a spell

Analysis of Conservation Attitude Profile Results
The profile of students' conservation attitudes in this study was netted through a questionnaire with 5 indicators spread across 38 positive and negative statements and 4 answer choices.This questionnaire was distributed to 40 respondents from grades A and B. Based on Figure 2, the average difference in percentage Based on these results, class B has a higher average compared to class A. This is due to the student's answer to the statement on the questionnaire.Class A in the concept sub-component of understanding biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health has a score of 72.5% with a good category, while in class B it gets a value of 68.33% with sufficient categories.This is due to the existence of class B students who answer negative statements with affirmative and strongly agreeing answers.
Results obtained on other sub-components such as conservation biology objectives and principles; the value of biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health interests; protection and restoration measures on biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health in class A and class B both obtained grades with good categories.This is because class A students and class B students already have an awareness of the surrounding environment.This is supported by the explanation of Putri (2018), that attitudes will arise if students already have awareness and understanding of their environment.According to Sugandi (2013), attitudes start from knowledge, the higher the individual's knowledge of conservation, the higher the conservation attitude possessed by the individual.Leksono (2017) also added that knowledge is closely related to students' attitudes towards biodiversity conservation.The existence of a conservation attitude that a person has will help preserve, preserve and maintain the sustainability of living things in an ecosystem (Fitriyani, 2021).Added to this is Infield's (1988) explanation that the positive attitude of local communities living in protected areas is very important in initiating appropriate actions to solve conservation problems.
Meanwhile, for the sub-component of threats to biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health in class A and class B both obtained values with sufficient categories.This is because there is no conservation biology learning applied in schools, so students do not understand the importance of biodiversity.In line with Fischer and Young's (2007)

Class A Class B
biodiversity conservation is still weak, so their concern for conservation is also low.Leksono and Rustaman (2012) also explained that the low public understanding of the importance of biodiversity is caused by inappropriate learning systems.As stated by Khanafiyah & Yulianti (2013), that the learning process aimed at changing student behavior must be directed to overcome environmental problems in everyday life.
Based on the results of preliminary observations, teachers also do not use the environment as a source and medium of learning.According to Leksono and Rustaman (2012), biodiversity conservation learning should actively involve students and use the surrounding environment as a learning resource.In line with the opinion of Iskandar (2009), that the environment is one of the most important learning resources and has very valuable values in the context of the student learning process.Leksono et al., (2013) also explained that biodiversity conservation learning should be carried out in the field to get to know directly the objects they are studying.Susilo et al., (2016) also added that student involvement in the environment can provide opportunities for students to gain hands-on experience with the environment.Experience with the environment makes them have a sense of caring.This is in accordance with the opinion of Chawla (1998) and Azwar (2003) that experience with the environment can influence a person's attitude.Ichsan et al. (2019) explained that environmental learning will make people grow their behavior in several ways, namely: a) respect and maintain life; b) improve the quality of human life; c) preserve the earth's vitality and biodiversity; d) avoid wasting non-renewable resources; e) do not exceed the limit of the earth's carrying capacity; and f) change consumptive and excessive life attitudes.

CONCLUSION
The sympathetic of the research results is that there is local wisdom in forest management and plant diversity management in the Temedak customary forest which is applied by keluru village customary leaders as community controllers in managing forests and utilizing plant diversity found in Temedak customary forests.Temedak customary forest has endemic plant species, namely pacat wood (Harpullia arborea) and carrion flowers of the type Amorphophallus gigas.There are 57 types of plants that are generally used by the people of Keluru Village such as food (food), buildings, medicines, wicker, local technology and art, as well as for the benefit or complement of traditional ceremonies.The acquisition of student conservation attitude profiles in forest management and plant diversity management in the Temedak customary forest of Jambi province is generally in the good category or level, although not all indicators show good category gains.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank the traditional leaders and communities of Keluru Village who have helped during the research process, the students who have been willing to fill out the questionnaire and LPPM who have supported the implementation of this research and provided financial assistance.
Temedak Customary Forest ManagementBased on the results of interviews with traditional leaders of Keluru Village, the people of Keluru Village have rules (local wisdom) in managing and maintaining the Temedak customary forest which has been passed down for generations.Local wisdom in the form of these prohibitions is used as a community controller in utilizing the Temedak customary forest.In managing the Temedak customary forest, the traditional leaders of Keluru Village impose several rules (local wisdom), including: 1.It is forbidden to dispose of waste that cannot be destroyed by natural processes, such as plastic waste, rubber, types of metals, and glass in the Temedak customary forest.2. It is forbidden to bring pets and livestock into the Temedak customary forest.3. It is forbidden to open land or farm in the Temedak customary forest.4. It is prohibited to carry out burning activities within the Temedak customary forest.5.It is forbidden to enter the Temedak customary forest masse and in groups (more than 25 people),

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.House Building of One of the Residents of Keluru Village (Source: Researcher Documentation, 2019)

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Percentage Averaging Chart on Conservation Attitude Indicator Figure 2. indicates a difference in the average percentage in each conservation attitude indicator.Based on these results, class B has a higher average compared to class A. This is due to the student's answer to the statement on the questionnaire.Class A in the concept sub-component of understanding biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health has a score of 72.5% with a good category, while in class B it gets a value of 68.33% with sufficient categories.This is due to the existence of class B students who answer negative statements with affirmative and strongly agreeing answers.Results obtained on other sub-components such as conservation biology objectives and principles; the value of biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health interests; protection and restoration measures on biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health in class A and class B both obtained grades with good categories.This is because class A students and class B students already have an awareness of the surrounding environment.This is supported by the explanation of Putri (2018), that attitudes will arise if students already have awareness and understanding of their environment.According to Sugandi (2013), attitudes start from knowledge, the higher the individual's knowledge of conservation, the higher the conservation attitude possessed by the individual.Leksono (2017) also added that knowledge is closely related to students' attitudes towards biodiversity conservation.The existence of a conservation attitude that a person has will help preserve, preserve and maintain the sustainability of living things in an ecosystem(Fitriyani, 2021).Added to this isInfield's (1988) explanation that the positive attitude of local communities living in protected areas is very important in initiating appropriate actions to solve conservation problems.Meanwhile, for the sub-component of threats to biodiversity, ecological integrity and ecological health in class A and class B both obtained values with sufficient categories.This is because there is no conservation biology learning applied in schools, so students do not understand the importance of biodiversity.In line withFischer and Young's (2007) statement, that people's understanding of

Table 2 .
Plants Used as Food Sources by the People of Keluru Village

Table 3 .
Plants Used as Traditional Medicines by the People of Keluru Village

Table 4 .
Plants Used as Building Materials by the People of Keluru Village

Average Sub-Components on Conservation Attitudes
statement, that people's understanding of