Potensi Jenis Tanaman Air dalam Penurunan Kadar TSS dan BOD Pada Limbah Domestik Perumahan Kebonsari Elveka

Abstract

The Kebonsari Elveka housing complex has black drainage domestic wastewater, smells bad, is frothy, and contains inorganic waste. These problems can cause diseases such as diarrhea, typhus, fungal infections, and intestinal worms. The bad quality of the wastewater comes from the high TSS and BOD values. Therefore, researchers aim to determine the potential of aquatic plants in reducing TSS and BOD levels in domestic wastewater at Kebonsari Elveka Housing. Plants used include kayu apu, duckweed, and ganggang rantai. The research method used is descriptive quantitative type, with an experimental approach. This research was conducted for 2 weeks at the UINSA FST Sanitation and Remediation Laboratory. This study uses a batch system by placing plants into 9 reactors with details of 3 types of plants multiplied by 3 points of wastewater collection. During 2x24 hours changes in levels of TSS and BOD were observed. Existing results of the quality of domestic wastewater from the Kebonsari Elveka Residential drainage channel have a TSS value of 82.6 mg/L and BOD 32.4 mg/L above the quality standard. After 2 x 24 hours of phytoremediation, the results showed a decrease in TSS and BOD values in domestic wastewater from residential drainage. Kayu apu plants can reduce average TSS levels up to 9.7 mg/L and BOD up to 15.0 mg/L. Duckweed plants can reduce average levels of TSS up to 18.5 mg/L and BOD up to 22.5 mg/L. Ganggang rantai plants can reduce the average level of TSS up to 16.7 mg/L and BOD up to 21.1 mg/L. This study concluded that kayu apu, duckweed, and ganggang rantai can reduce TSS and BOD levels below the domestic wastewater quality standards.

ABSTRAK

Perumahan Kebonsari Elveka memiliki air limbah domestik drainase berwarna hitam, berbau tidak sedap, berbuih, dan terdapat sampah anorganik didalamnya. Permasalahan tersebut dapat menimbulkan penyakit seperti diare, tifus, infeksi jamur, dan cacingan. Buruknya air limbah tersebut bersumber dari nilai TSS dan BOD yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, peneliti bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi tanaman air dalam penurunan kadar TSS dan BOD pada air limbah domestik Perumahan Kebonsari Elveka. Tanaman yang digunakan diantaranya kayu apu, duckweed, dan ganggang rantai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan pendekatan eksperimental. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 2 minggu di Labolatorium Sanitasi dan Remediasi FST UINSA. Penelitian ini menggunakan sistem batch dengan memasukkan tanaman kedalam 9 reaktor dengan rincian 3 jenis tanaman dikali 3 titik pengambilan air limbah. Selama 2x24 jam diamati perubahan tingkat kadar TSS dan BOD. Hasil eksisting kualitas air limbah domestik saluran drainase Perumahan Kebonsari Elveka memiliki nilai TSS 82,6 mg/L dan BOD 32,4 mg/L diatas baku mutu. Setelah dilakukan fitoremediasi 2 x 24 jam didapatkan hasil penurunan nilai TSS dan BOD pada air limbah domestik drainase perumahan. Tanaman kayu dapat menurunkan kadar ratarata TSS hingga 9,7 mg/L dan BOD hingga 15,0 mg/L. Tanaman duckweed dapat menurunkan kadar rata-rata TSS hingga 18,5 mg/L dan BOD hingga 22,5 mg/L. Tanaman ganggang rantai dapat menurunkan kadar rata-rata TSS hingga 16,7 mg/L dan BOD hingga 21,1 mg/L. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tanaman kayu apu, duckweed, dan ganggang rantai dapat menurunkan kadar TSS dan BOD hingga dibawah baku mutu air limbah domestic.