THE EFFECT OF ARM MUSCLE POWER, WAIST FLEXIBILITY, AND SELF-CONFIDENCE ON FRONT HANDSPRING SKILLS IN ARTISTICS GYMNASTICS

This study aims to determine the effect of arm muscle power, waist flexibility and self-confidence on front handspring skills in Sport Coaching Education of State University of Medan Students. The research method used in this study is a survey method with path analysis techniques. The population in the study was first semester students totaling 84 students, with sample selection using total sampling method. The analysis technique uses a path analysis approach at a significance level of 0.05. the conclusion of each research finding shows (1) There is a direct influence between each independent variable {Arm Muscle Power (X 1 ), Waist Flexibility (X 2 ), and Self-Confidence (X 3 ), (2) There is a direct effect of each independent variable {Arm Muscle Power (X 1 ), Waist Flexibility (X 2 ), and Self-Confidence (X 3 ) have a direct influence on Front Handspring Skill (Y)}, (3) There is an indirect effect of arm muscle power (X 1 ) on front handspring skills (Y) through self-confidence (X 3 ). There is an indirect effect of waist flexibility (X 2 ) on front handspring skills (Y) through self-confidence (X 3 ). Thus, Front Handspring Skills can be improved through increased Arm Muscle Power, Waist Flexibility and Self-Confidence.


INTRODUCTION
The handspring skill is one type of movement that is trained in the floor gymnastics branch (Karisma Sari, 2018).
This skill requires the gymnast to be able to maximize all her muscles, especially the hands (Alvarenga et al., 2013).In handspring, the gymnast must continue forward linear motion which is converted into vertical motion by refusing the hand (Sembiring et al., 2018).This skill includes a difficult and complex element because it involves the entire body, and it is not uncommon to cause injuries due to accidents (Mack et al., 2020).Some of the factors that correlate with handspring skills are arm muscle strength.In his study (n=30) (Yuliyanto, 2018) found that there was a significant correlation (rcount=0.534 > rtable=0.361)On the other hand, selfconfidence also has a significant contribution to handspring skills taught in college.In his report (Gumilar, 2019) stated that students who have high selfconfidence have better handspring learning outcomes with reciprocal teaching styles compared to practice teaching styles.However, this research report did not explain the relationship between arm muscle power and waist flexibility with handspring skills.This is considered important considering that these two aspects are considered to play an important role when a gymnast does handspring (Fernandes et al., 2016).
Studies on the flexibility of the waist on the handspring seem not done too much.Based on online searches, there is only Handayani's research (Handayani, 2018)  HafizYazid Lubis, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya, Mansur Jauhari and/or student.This is evident from several studies in the field of gymnastics, self-confidence has always been a factor studied in many places such as (Aspin et al., 2019;Shaman et al., 2022;Yudho, 2017) .Of all these studies, none was conducted at a university that was accredited with excellence (A).This of course can be one of the differentiating factors with previous research (Ridwan et al., 2017).Another thing that makes  et al., 2007;Sugiyono, 2012).
This study uses descriptive statistical analysis which aims to describe the relationship between variables investigated systematically (Atmojo, 2010;Widiastuti, 2019).Then proceed with path analysis to determine the effect of one variable on the other variables according to the path that has been

Data description
The following are the results of descriptive analysis calculations on the Front Handspring Skills variable (Y): Based on the results of these calculations, the lowest value of Waist Flexibility for students is 7.00 and the highest value is 25.00.The average value of waist flexibility of 84 students was 12.80 with a standard deviation of 5.24.
The following are the results of descriptive analysis calculations on the Self-Confident (X3) variable: The research findings explain that arm muscle power has an effect on self-confidence which is described by a path coefficient value of 0.171 and a significance at 0.031 <0.05, meaning that if there is an increase in arm muscle power, self-confidence will increase.
This effect can be explained that arm muscle power is able to raise selfconfidence to students.This finding also confirms that arm muscle power directly determines student self-confidence by 17.1%, and empirically proves that arm muscle power also affects students' selfconfidence in performing movements in gymnastics courses, in other words, if arm muscle power weak, then the selfconfidence is low, but on the contrary if the arm muscle power is good, the better the self-confidence will be.This is in line with research (Mulyono et al., 2019) that students' self-confidence is greater from internal factors, one of these internal factors is arm muscle power.

The direct effect of waist flexibility on self-confidence
The research findings explain that waist flexibility affects selfconfidence which is described by a path coefficient value of 0.677 and a significance at 0.000 <0.05, meaning that if there is an increase in waist flexibility it will increase self-

Figure
Figure 1: Research Design confidence.Waist flexibility is one of the important elements in gymnastics, in gymnastics movements a lot of flexibility is needed, one of which is waist flexibility.In a study written by Aji Mulyono, (Mulyono et al., 2019) that internal factors are greater than external factors in students' self-confidence levels.Waist flexibility is one of the internal factors that can affect selfmuscle power and front handspring ability.The findings of this study explain Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, Vol 14. Issue 3, September -363 HafizYazid Lubis, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya, Mansur Jauhari that arm muscle power affects front handspring skills which is described by a path coefficient value of 0.157 and a significance at 0.011 <0.05, meaning that if there is an increase in arm muscle power, front handspring skills will increase.Arm muscle power plays a role in repulsing the mat when performing front handspring movements, as discussed in the previous chapter, that power is the product of strength and speed.When doing the front handspring movement, there are times when the body is in a handstand position, that is, placing the hands on the mat as a support, while the legs are straight up followed by the body and hands.But the difference is, handstand requires hand strength, while front handspring requires arm muscle power.The power of the arm muscles will help the body when doing the bending and landing when doing the front handspring.This finding also confirms that the arm muscle power directly determines the front handspring skill by 15.7%, that's why if the arm muscle power is getting better, the students will be better at doing front handspring movements.4. The direct effect of waist flexibility on front handspring skills Waist flexibility is one of the phases in doing front handspring, meaning that waist flexibility is one of the success factors in doing front handspring movements.The results of the analysis of research data showed that waist flexibility had a direct positive effect on front handspring skills, with a coefficient value of 0.199 and a significance at 0.017 <0.05, meaning that if there is an increase in waist flexibility, the front handspring skills will increase.This is in line with what was expressed by Candra Gamali Putra (Putra, 2015) in a previous study that flexibility has a contribution to front handspring ability.This finding also confirms that waist flexibility directly determines front handspring skills by 19.9%.Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be interpreted that students who have good waist flexibility will produce good front handspring skills as well. 5.The direct effect of self-confidence on front handspring skills Self-confidence is the ability to believe in one's own abilities and feel positive about what can be done and not worry about what can't be done.The role of self-confidence is so important in everyday life, including in doing the to do, in this study it was proven that self-confidence has a direct positive effect on front handspring skills.Data analysis shows the effect of selfconfidence on front handspring skills with a coefficient value of 0.651 and significant at 0.000 <0.05, in other words, if self-confidence increases, the resulting front handspring skills will also increase.This finding also confirms that self-confidence directly determines front handspring skills by 65.1%, this figure shows that self-confidence is one of the important factors in performing front handspring movements.This is in line with Firdaus Hendry's research (Yudho, results of research data analysis that has been carried out by researchers, it is shown that arm muscle power has a positive indirect effect on front handspring skills through selfconfidence.Data analysis shows the effect of arm muscle power on selfconfidence resulting in a coefficient value of 0.171 with a significance value of 0.031 <0.05, meaning that when there is an increase in arm muscle power, selfconfidence will increase.Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be interpreted that students who have good arm muscle power will have an effect on increasing their self-confidence, so that in carrying out the front handspring movement students are able to produce maximum movements and satisfactory front handspring results.This means that arm muscle power has an indirect effect on front handspring skills through selfconfidence, so it can be concluded that self-confidence is able to mediate between arm muscle power and front handspring skills.is a person's ability to be able to move with the widest possible range of motion in his joints.In doing the front handspring movement, flexibility is needed, especially in the flexibility of the Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, Vol 14. Issue 3, September -365 HafizYazid Lubis, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya, Mansur Jauhari waist.As in the research of (Yuliyanto, 2018) and (Putra, 2015) that flexibility has a close relationship with front handspring skills.This is in accordance with the results of data analysis in this study that the influence of waist flexibility on front handspring skills produces a coefficient value of 0.199 and a significance at 0.017 <0.05, meaning that when there is an increase in waist flexibility, self-confidence will increase.This means that waist flexibility has an indirect effect on front handspring skills through self-confidence, so it can be concluded that self-confidence is able to mediate between waist flexibility and front handspring skills.

Table : 1
Front Handspring Skills