Conceptual Framework of B40 Women’s Entrepreneurial Intention in Malaysia using Theory of Planned Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/ISC-BEAM.011.63Keywords:
B40, Women Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Intention, Conceptual FrameworkAbstract
Despite Malaysia's rapid economic growth, a substantial income gap persists, and women-owned businesses remain a minority. The study employs the Theory of Planned Behavior to create a conceptual framework for understanding the factors that influence B40 women's entrepreneurial intentions. It examines the effect of attitude towards entrepreneurship, family support, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as crucial drivers of women's decisions to engage in entrepreneurship. The research methodology will involve using questionnaires that will be distributed to a diverse sample of B40 women in Malaysia. The implications of the study include contributing to Malaysia's National Entrepreneurship Policy, enhancing support for women entrepreneurs, and motivating more women, particularly those with unstable incomes, to pursue entrepreneurship, thereby fostering greater gender equality and economic development.
References
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Amofah, K., Saladrigues, R. Impact Of Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship Education And Role Models On Entrepreneurial Intention. J Innov Entrep 11, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00197-5
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Annisa, D. N., Tentamaa, F. & Bashori, K. (2021). The role of family support and internal locus of control in entrepreneurial intention of vocational high school students. International Journal of Evaluationand Research in Education, 10(2), 381-388. DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v10i2.20934
Bandura, A. (2006), “Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales”, Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents, 5, pp. 307-337
Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. (2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 292–303.Department of Statistics Malaysia (2020). Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey Report by State and Administrative District: Sabah 2019.Putrajaya: Department of Statistics Malaysia.
Doanh, D. C. & Bernat, T. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention among Vietnamese students: a meta-analytic path analysis based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Procedia Computer Science, 159, 2447-2460.
Elnadi, M., & Gheith, M. H. (2021).Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100458.doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100458
Farrukh, M.,Alzubi, Y.,Shahzad, I.A.,Waheed, A.andKanwal, N.(2018), "Entrepreneurial intentions: The role of personality traits in perspective of theory of planned behaviour",Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 399-414.https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-01-2018-0004
Friedman, M. M., V. R. Bowden, & E. G. Jones, (2010). Family Nursing Textbooks: Research, Theory, and Practice(in Bahasa). Jakarta: Egc.
Hossain, M. I., Tabash, M. I., Siow, M. L., Ong, T. S. & Anagreh, S. (2023). Entrepreneurial intention of Gen Z university students and entrepreneurial constraints in Bangladesh. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(12), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00279-y
Jing, P., Juan, Z. C., & Zhang, Q. F. (2016). Application of the expanded theory of planned behavior in intercity travel behavior based on MIMIC model. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management ,4, 61–63. doi: 10.13587/j.cnki.jieem.2016. 04.008
Johari, S. F. A., Rashid, U. K., Mohd Safian, E. E. & Nasuredin, J. (2021). Critical criteria of women-owned SMEs performance using multi-attribute decision making (MADM) of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Journal ofInnovation Management in Small & Medium Enterprise, 1-15. DOI: 10.5171/2021.163507
Justo, R. (2008). The influence of gender and family environment on the success and failure of entrepreneurial initiatives (Doctoral dissertation, Autonomous University of Madrid).
Khazanah Research Institute. (2018). The state of households 2018: Different realities. Kuala Lumpur: Khazanah Research InstituteKourosh Esfandiar, Mohamad Sharifi-Tehrani, Stephen Pratt, Levent Altinay, Understandingentrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach, Journal of Business Research, Volume 94, 2019, Pages 172-182, ISSN 0148-2963, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.045.
Krueger, N. F. (2009).Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Broadening the Definition of" Opportunity"(pp. 13-16). SSRN.
Lihua, D. (2022). An Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Behavior in College Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 627818. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.627818
Liu X, Lin C, Zhao G, Zhao D (2019) Research on the effects of entrepreneurial educationand entrepreneurial self-efficacy on college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Front Psychol 10:869. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019. 00869
Martínez-González JA, KobylinskaU, García-Rodríguez FJ, Nazarko L. Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention among Young People: Model and Regional Evidence. Sustainability. 2019; 11(24):6993. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11246993
Moriano, J. A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephan, U., & Zarafshani, K. (2012). A Cross-Cultural Approach to Understanding Entrepreneurial Intention.Journal of Career Development,39(2), 162-185.https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845310384481
Musa, Z. & Mansori, S. (2017). Factors that can influence young women women’s intention to become entrepreneur. BERJAYA Journal of Services & Management, 7,3-20.
N. E. S. binti Derani, M. Mokhtar, & W. N. W. Hanafi, (2020). Indigenous Entrepreneurship Sustainability in Malaysia. Global Business and Management Research, 12(4), 540-547.
National Entrepreneurship Policy 2030 Malaysia: An Outstanding Entrepreneurial Nation 2030.Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperatives
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., & Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 403–419.
Othman, I. W., Mokhtar, S., Maidin, I., & Moharam, M. M. (2021). The Relevance of The National Entrepreneurship Policy (NEP) 2030 In Meeting the Needs and Strengthening the Country’s Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Snapshot. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business (IJAFB), 6 (37), 79 –100
Qazi, Z., Qazi, W., Ali Raza, S. & Yousufi, S. Q. (2022). Investigating women’s entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of family support. ASR:CMU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 9(1), 1-28. Perez-Quintana, A., Hormiga, E., Martori, J.C. and Madariaga, R. (2017), "The influence of sex and gender-role orientation in the decision to become an entrepreneur", International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 8-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-12-2015-0047
Romero-Galisteo, R-P., Gonzalez-Sanchez, M., Galvez-Ruiz, P., Palomo-Carrion, R., Casuso-Holgado, M. J. & Pinero-Pinto, E. (2022). Entrepreneurial intention, expectations of success and self-effciacy in undergraduate students of health sciences, BMC Medical Education, 22, 679, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03731-x
SaeidKarimi, Harm J. A. Biemans, Thomas Lans, Mohammad Chizari & Martin Mulder (2016) The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: A Study of Iranian Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions and Opportunity Identification, Journal of Small Business Management, 54:1, 187-209, DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12137
Sarafino E. P. & Smith, T. W. (2014). Health Psychology, 8th Ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Saraih, U., Aris. A., Mutalib, S., Ahmad, T., Abdullah, S. & Amlus, M. (2018). The influence of Self-efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention among Engineering Students. MUCET (Conference).Available at: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815005051
Sarwar, A., Ahsan, Q. & Rafiq, N. (2021). Female Entrepreneurial Intentions in Pakistan: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 553963. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.553963
Schmutzler, J., Andonova, V., & Diaz-Serrano, L. (2019). How Context Shapes Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Driver of Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Multilevel Approach.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,43(5), 880-920.https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717753142
Tavousi, M., Hidarnia, A. R., Montazeri, A., Hajizadeh, E., Taremian, F., & Ghofranipour, F. (2009). Areperceived behavioral control and self-efficacy distinct constructs? European Journal of Scientific Research, 30(1), 146–152
Taylor, S.E. (2011). “Social Support: A Review,” in M.S. Friedman, Ed., The Handbook of Health Psychology. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp. 189-214.
Tsai, KH., Chang, HC. & Peng, CY. Refining the linkage between perceived capability and entrepreneurial intention: roles of perceived opportunity, fear of failure, and gender.Int Entrep Manag J12, 1127–1145 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-016-0383-x
Wąsowska, A. (2017). The internationalisation of family firms: the role of the ownership structure and the composition of top management team.Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review,5(1), 169-185.
Wegner, D.,Thomas, E.,Teixeira, E.K.andMaehler, A.E.(2020), "University entrepreneurial push strategy and students’ entrepreneurial intention",International Journal of | PageEntrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 307-325.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2018-0648
Yang, T., & del Carmen Triana, M. (2019). Set Up to Fail: Explaining When Women-Led Businesses Are More Likely to Fail.Journal of Management,45(3), 926-954.https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316685856
Yang, T., & del Carmen Triana, M. (2019). Set Up to Fail: Explaining When Women-Led Businesses Are More Likely to Fail.Journal of Management,45(3), 926-954.https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316685856
Yousaf U, Ali SA, Ahmed M, Usman B, Sameer I (2021) From entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention: a sequential mediation of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude. Int J Innov Sci 13(3):364–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0133
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.Al-Jubari, I. (2019). College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: Testing an Integrated Model of SDT and TPB.SAGE Open,9(2).https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019853467
Amofah, K., Saladrigues, R. Impact Of Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship Education And Role Models On Entrepreneurial Intention. J Innov Entrep 11, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00197-5
AndreasRauch&MichaelFrese(2007)Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success,European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,16:4,353-385,DOI:10.1080/13594320701595438
Annisa, D. N., Tentamaa, F. & Bashori, K. (2021). The role of family support and internal locus of control in entrepreneurial intention of vocational high school students. International Journal of Evaluationand Research in Education, 10(2), 381-388. DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v10i2.20934
Bandura, A. (2006), “Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales”, Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents, 5, pp. 307-337
Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. (2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 292–303.Department of Statistics Malaysia (2020). Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey Report by State and Administrative District: Sabah 2019.Putrajaya: Department of Statistics Malaysia.
Doanh, D. C. & Bernat, T. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention among Vietnamese students: a meta-analytic path analysis based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Procedia Computer Science, 159, 2447-2460.
Elnadi, M., & Gheith, M. H. (2021).Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100458.doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100458
Farrukh, M.,Alzubi, Y.,Shahzad, I.A.,Waheed, A.andKanwal, N.(2018), "Entrepreneurial intentions: The role of personality traits in perspective of theory of planned behaviour",Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 399-414.https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-01-2018-0004
Friedman, M. M., V. R. Bowden, & E. G. Jones, (2010). Family Nursing Textbooks: Research, Theory, and Practice(in Bahasa). Jakarta: Egc.
Hossain, M. I., Tabash, M. I., Siow, M. L., Ong, T. S. & Anagreh, S. (2023). Entrepreneurial intention of Gen Z university students and entrepreneurial constraints in Bangladesh. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(12), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00279-y
Jing, P., Juan, Z. C., & Zhang, Q. F. (2016). Application of the expanded theory of planned behavior in intercity travel behavior based on MIMIC model. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management ,4, 61–63. doi: 10.13587/j.cnki.jieem.2016. 04.008
Johari, S. F. A., Rashid, U. K., Mohd Safian, E. E. & Nasuredin, J. (2021). Critical criteria of women-owned SMEs performance using multi-attribute decision making (MADM) of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Journal ofInnovation Management in Small & Medium Enterprise, 1-15. DOI: 10.5171/2021.163507
Justo, R. (2008). The influence of gender and family environment on the success and failure of entrepreneurial initiatives (Doctoral dissertation, Autonomous University of Madrid).
Khazanah Research Institute. (2018). The state of households 2018: Different realities. Kuala Lumpur: Khazanah Research InstituteKourosh Esfandiar, Mohamad Sharifi-Tehrani, Stephen Pratt, Levent Altinay, Understandingentrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach, Journal of Business Research, Volume 94, 2019, Pages 172-182, ISSN 0148-2963, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.045.
Krueger, N. F. (2009).Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Broadening the Definition of" Opportunity"(pp. 13-16). SSRN.
Lihua, D. (2022). An Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Behavior in College Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 627818. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.627818
Liu X, Lin C, Zhao G, Zhao D (2019) Research on the effects of entrepreneurial educationand entrepreneurial self-efficacy on college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Front Psychol 10:869. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019. 00869
Martínez-González JA, KobylinskaU, García-Rodríguez FJ, Nazarko L. Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention among Young People: Model and Regional Evidence. Sustainability. 2019; 11(24):6993. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11246993
Moriano, J. A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephan, U., & Zarafshani, K. (2012). A Cross-Cultural Approach to Understanding Entrepreneurial Intention.Journal of Career Development,39(2), 162-185.https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845310384481
Musa, Z. & Mansori, S. (2017). Factors that can influence young women women’s intention to become entrepreneur. BERJAYA Journal of Services & Management, 7,3-20.
N. E. S. binti Derani, M. Mokhtar, & W. N. W. Hanafi, (2020). Indigenous Entrepreneurship Sustainability in Malaysia. Global Business and Management Research, 12(4), 540-547.
National Entrepreneurship Policy 2030 Malaysia: An Outstanding Entrepreneurial Nation 2030.Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperatives
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., & Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 403–419.
Othman, I. W., Mokhtar, S., Maidin, I., & Moharam, M. M. (2021). The Relevance of The National Entrepreneurship Policy (NEP) 2030 In Meeting the Needs and Strengthening the Country’s Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Snapshot. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business (IJAFB), 6 (37), 79 –100
Qazi, Z., Qazi, W., Ali Raza, S. & Yousufi, S. Q. (2022). Investigating women’s entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of family support. ASR:CMU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 9(1), 1-28. Perez-Quintana, A., Hormiga, E., Martori, J.C. and Madariaga, R. (2017), "The influence of sex and gender-role orientation in the decision to become an entrepreneur", International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 8-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-12-2015-0047
Romero-Galisteo, R-P., Gonzalez-Sanchez, M., Galvez-Ruiz, P., Palomo-Carrion, R., Casuso-Holgado, M. J. & Pinero-Pinto, E. (2022). Entrepreneurial intention, expectations of success and self-effciacy in undergraduate students of health sciences, BMC Medical Education, 22, 679, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03731-x
SaeidKarimi, Harm J. A. Biemans, Thomas Lans, Mohammad Chizari & Martin Mulder (2016) The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: A Study of Iranian Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions and Opportunity Identification, Journal of Small Business Management, 54:1, 187-209, DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12137
Sarafino E. P. & Smith, T. W. (2014). Health Psychology, 8th Ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Saraih, U., Aris. A., Mutalib, S., Ahmad, T., Abdullah, S. & Amlus, M. (2018). The influence of Self-efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention among Engineering Students. MUCET (Conference).Available at: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815005051
Sarwar, A., Ahsan, Q. & Rafiq, N. (2021). Female Entrepreneurial Intentions in Pakistan: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 553963. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.553963
Schmutzler, J., Andonova, V., & Diaz-Serrano, L. (2019). How Context Shapes Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Driver of Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Multilevel Approach.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,43(5), 880-920.https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717753142
Tavousi, M., Hidarnia, A. R., Montazeri, A., Hajizadeh, E., Taremian, F., & Ghofranipour, F. (2009). Areperceived behavioral control and self-efficacy distinct constructs? European Journal of Scientific Research, 30(1), 146–152
Taylor, S.E. (2011). “Social Support: A Review,” in M.S. Friedman, Ed., The Handbook of Health Psychology. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp. 189-214.
Tsai, KH., Chang, HC. & Peng, CY. Refining the linkage between perceived capability and entrepreneurial intention: roles of perceived opportunity, fear of failure, and gender.Int Entrep Manag J12, 1127–1145 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-016-0383-x
Wąsowska, A. (2017). The internationalisation of family firms: the role of the ownership structure and the composition of top management team.Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review,5(1), 169-185.
Wegner, D.,Thomas, E.,Teixeira, E.K.andMaehler, A.E.(2020), "University entrepreneurial push strategy and students’ entrepreneurial intention",International Journal of | PageEntrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 307-325.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2018-0648
Yang, T., & del Carmen Triana, M. (2019). Set Up to Fail: Explaining When Women-Led Businesses Are More Likely to Fail.Journal of Management,45(3), 926-954.https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316685856
Yang, T., & del Carmen Triana, M. (2019). Set Up to Fail: Explaining When Women-Led Businesses Are More Likely to Fail.Journal of Management,45(3), 926-954.https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316685856
Yousaf U, Ali SA, Ahmed M, Usman B, Sameer I (2021) From entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention: a sequential mediation of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude. Int J Innov Sci 13(3):364–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0133
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Published
2024-03-09
How to Cite
Peter Marius, L. S. W., & Ambad, S. N. A. . (2024). Conceptual Framework of B40 Women’s Entrepreneurial Intention in Malaysia using Theory of Planned Behavior. International Student Conference on Business, Education, Economics, Accounting, and Management (ISC-BEAM), 1(1), 910–919. https://doi.org/10.21009/ISC-BEAM.011.63
