AI and Employee Integrity in the Public Sector

The Roles of Trust, Values Alignment, Literacy and Job Complexity

Authors

  • Fauzan Al Rosyid Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
  • Kusni Ingsih
  • Artha Febriana

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Employee Integrity, AI Trust, Organizational Values Alignment, AI Literacy, Job Complexity

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly underpins digital transformation in the public sector, its ethical implications for employee integrity demand critical attention. This study investigates the influence of AI-driven interventions on employee integrity through the mediating role of AI trust and organizational values alignment, while also exploring how AI literacy and job complexity moderate these relationships. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Social Exchange Theory (SET), and Person–Organization Fit (P–O Fit), the research proposes a multidimensional framework linking technological, psychological, and ethical mechanisms. This study conducted a quantitative survey involving 300 civil servants across regional government institutions, with data analyzed using SEM-PLS. Results reveal that AI-driven interventions significantly enhance AI trust, thereby strengthening organizational value alignment and promoting employee integrity. Mediation and moderation analyses confirm that AI literacy amplifies the trust–alignment link, where as job complexity weakens the alignment–integrity pathway. This study extends theoretical understanding by linking technology acceptance with ethical alignment in public governance. Practically, this study highlights the importance of fostering AI literacy, promoting ethical system design, and managing workload balance to ensure that AI adoption strengthens rather than compromises public integrity. The results position AI as both a moral and technological catalyst for sustainable digital governance.

References

Afroogh, S., Akbari, A., Malone, E., Kargar, M., & Alambeigi, H. (2024). Trust in AI: Progress, challenges, and future directions. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1568. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04044-8

Ahmad, R., Hashim, R. A., & Abdul Latiff, A. R. (2024). Ethical Behaviour And Integrity Among Employees In The Public Sector: A Critical Review. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices, 7(25), 467–496. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEMP.725036

Ahmad, R., Nawaz, M. R., Ishaq, M. I., Khan, M. M., & Ashraf, H. A. (2023). Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1015921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921

Ahmad, U. S. (2021). The Role of Islamic Work Ethics in Spiritual Leadership and Inclusion Practices Relationship During COVID-19. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 943–952. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no3.0943

Alhosani, K., & Alhashmi, S. M. (2024). Opportunities, challenges, and benefits of AI innovation in government services: A review. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 4(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00111-w

Al-Surmi, A., Bashiri, M., & Koliousis, I. (2022). AI-based decision making: Combining strategies to improve operational performance. International Journal of Production Research, 60(14), 4464–4486. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.1966540

Amine, M. E. A., & Ouhna, L. (2023). Islamic Value and Organizational Ethics: A Systematic Literature Review. In V. Ramadani, B. Alserhan, L.-P. Dana, J. Zeqiri, H. Terzi, & M. Bayirli (Eds.), Research on Islamic Business Concepts (pp. 325–346). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5118-5_20

Angelov, P. P., Soares, E. A., Jiang, R., Arnold, N. I., & Atkinson, P. M. (2021). Explainable artificial intelligence: An analytical review. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 11(5), 1424–1435. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1424

Atiya, N., Widiastuti, T., & Rusanti, E. (2024). Critical review of Islamic work ethic literature across diverse organizations and its future direction. Journal of Management and Digital Business, 4(2), 250–275. https://doi.org/10.53088/jmdb.v4i2.914

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2023). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Ten Years Later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933

Bankins, S., Ocampo, A. C., Marrone, M., Restubog, S. L. D., & Woo, S. E. (2024). A multilevel review of artificial intelligence in organizations: Implications for organizational behavior research and practice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(2), 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2735

Blader, S. L., Patil, S., & Packer, D. J. (2017). Organizational identification and workplace behavior: More than meets the eye. Research in Organizational Behavior, 37, 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2017.09.001

Busch, P. A., Henriksen, H. Z., & Sæbø, Ø. (2018). Opportunities and challenges of digitized discretionary practices: A public service worker perspective. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), 547–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.003

Cheong, B. C. (2024). Transparency and accountability in AI systems: Safeguarding wellbeing in the age of algorithmic decision-making. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 6, 1421273. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2024.1421273

Choung, H., David, P., & Ross, A. (2023). Trust and ethics in AI. AI & SOCIETY, 38(2), 733–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01473-4

Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2017). Social Exchange Theory: A Critical Review with Theoretical Remedies. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 479–516. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099

Daher, R. (2025). Integrating AI literacy into teacher education: A critical perspective paper. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 5(1), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00475-7

Eke, C. I., & Shuib, L. (2025). The role of explainability and transparency in fostering trust in AI healthcare systems: A systematic literature review, open issues and potential solutions. Neural Computing and Applications, 37(4), 1999–2034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-10868-x

Engin, Z., & Treleaven, P. (2019). Algorithmic Government: Automating Public Services and Supporting Civil Servants in Using Data Science Technologies. The Computer Journal, 62(3), 448–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxy082

Fathya, V. N., Viverita, V., Hati, S. R. H., & Astuti, R. D. (2023). Customer satisfaction with electronic public services: An 18-year systematic literature review. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 20(4), 759–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-022-00350-6

Gagné, M. (2018). From Strategy to Action: Transforming Organizational Goals into Organizational Behavior. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(S1). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12159

Giustini, D., & Dastyar, V. (2024). Critical AI literacy for interpreting in the age of AI. Interpreting and Society, 4(2), 196–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/27523810241247259

Granić, A., & Marangunić, N. (2019). Technology acceptance model in educational context: A systematic literature review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2572–2593. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12864

Groenewald, L. (2025). The Impact of Ethical Culture Maturity on Whistle-blowing. In A. Phillips & M. Van Portfliet (Eds.), Whistle-blowing Policy and Practice, Volume I (pp. 165–183). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93166-6_9

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Herkes, J., Churruca, K., Ellis, L. A., Pomare, C., & Braithwaite, J. (2019). How people fit in at work: Systematic review of the association between person–organisation and person–group fit with staff outcomes in healthcare. BMJ Open, 9(5), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026266

Jannah, R., Handajani, L., & Firmansyah, M. (2018). The Influence of Human Resources, Use of Information Technology, and Public Participation on the Transparency and Accountability of Village Financial Management. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 6(05), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i5.em03

Kassim, S. A., & Abd Ghani, K. D. (2025). Fostering Ethical Whistle-blowing Intentions: Cultivating Integrity and Accountability through Educational Integration. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(1), Pages 1648-1656. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i1/24445

Köbis, N., Starke, C., & Rahwan, I. (2022). The promise and perils of using artificial intelligence to fight corruption. Nature Machine Intelligence, 4(5), 418–424. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00489-1

Kovari, A. (2024). AI for Decision Support: Balancing Accuracy, Transparency, and Trust Across Sectors. Information, 15(11), 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110725

Kulkov, I., Kulkova, J., Rohrbeck, R., Menvielle, L., Kaartemo, V., & Makkonen, H. (2024). Artificial intelligence ‐ driven sustainable development: Examining organizational, technical, and processing approaches to achieving global goals. Sustainable Development, 32(3), 2253–2267. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2773

Lademann, J., Henze, J., Honke, N., Wollny, C., & Becker-Genschow, S. (2025). Teacher training in the age of AI: Impact on AI Literacy and Teachers’ Attitudes (Version 1). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.03011

Li, J. (Jason), Burch, T. C., & Lee, T. W. (2017). Intra‐individual variability in job complexity over time: Examining the effect of job complexity trajectory on employee job strain. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(5), 671–691. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2158

Li, Y., Liang, S., Zhu, B., Liu, X., Li, J., Chen, D., Qin, J., & Bressington, D. (2023). Feasibility and effectiveness of artificial intelligence-driven conversational agents in healthcare interventions: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 143, 104494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104494

Lintner, T. (2024). A systematic review of AI literacy scales. Npj Science of Learning, 9(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00264-4

Liu, X., Ren, Y., Qi, G., Li, Y., & Fan, R. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Digital Audit System Under Machine Learning Technology. 2024 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Robot Systems (AIARS), 739–743. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIARS63200.2024.00139

Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI Literacy? Competencies and Design Considerations. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727

Luna, D., Duarte-Valle, A., Picazo-Vela, S., & ... (2015). Digital governance and public value creation at the state level. Information …, Query date: 2025-02-02 19:46:34. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-150360

Malik, S., Waheed, Y., Khan, M., Zaheer, T., & Sahar, B. (Eds.). (2024). In Memory of Ethics: A Dissection of Ethical and Social Issues in Pakistani Professional Healthcare Practice. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS. https://doi.org/10.2174/97898152238591240101

Mayer, R. C., & Mulvey, P. W. (2024). Organisational integrity, trust, dissociative identity, and HR. In M. Kaptein (Ed.), Research Handbook on Organisational Integrity (pp. 511–524). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803927930.00040

McCullough, T. C. (2024). Explaining and Exploring Ethical and Trustworthy AI in the Context of Reinforcement Learning. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society, 5(2), 198–204. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2024.3406513

Mikhaylov, S. J., Esteve, M., & Campion, A. (2018). Artificial intelligence for the public sector: Opportunities and challenges of cross-sector collaboration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2128), 20170357. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0357

Mogaji, E., Viglia, G., Srivastava, P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Is it the end of the technology acceptance model in the era of generative artificial intelligence? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(10), 3324–3339. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2023-1271

Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 1041–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100041

Ni, Y., & Jia, F. (2025). A Scoping Review of AI-Driven Digital Interventions in Mental Health Care: Mapping Applications Across Screening, Support, Monitoring, Prevention, and Clinical Education. Healthcare, 13(10), 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13101205

Nurmi, N., & Hinds, P. J. (2016). Job complexity and learning opportunities: A silver lining in the design of global virtual work. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(6), 631–654. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2016.11

Peng, H., & Wei, F. (2020). How and When Does Leader Behavioral Integrity Influence Employee Voice? The Roles of Team Independence, Climate, and Corporate Ethical Values. Journal of Business Ethics, 166(3), 505–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04114-x

Potnis, D., Tahamtan, I., & McDonald, L. (2025). Negative consequences of information gatekeeping through algorithmic technologies: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 76(1), 262–288. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24955

Raddatz, P. A. (2024). Event-driven changes in person-organization fit: A conceptual integration and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 34(4), 101040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2024.101040

Rubel, R. B., Islam, M. N., Islam, Md. A., & Rimi, N. N. (2025). Unleashing employees' ethical voice behavior: A mediated moderation model of ethical leadership, person-job fit, person-organization fit, and co-workers’ ethical support. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-12-2024-0430

Schutt, R. K. (2019). Quantitative Methods. In G. Ritzer & W. W. Murphy (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Sociology (1st ed., pp. 39–56). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119429333.ch3

Serra, N., Botti, S., Guillari, A., Simeone, S., Latina, R., Iacorossi, L., Torreggiani, M., Guberti, M., Cicolini, G., Lupo, R., Capuano, A., Pucciarelli, G., Gargiulo, G., Tomietto, M., & Rea, T. (2023). Workload, Job Satisfaction, and Quality of Nursing Care in Italy: A Systematic Review of Native Language Articles. Healthcare, 11(18), 2573. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182573

Short, H. (2014). A critical evaluation of the contribution of trust to effective Technology-Enhanced Learning in the workplace: A literature review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(6), 1014–1022. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12187

Sigfrids, A., Nieminen, M., Leikas, J., & Pikkuaho, P. (2022). How Should Public Administrations Foster the Ethical Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence? A Review of Proposals for Developing Governance of AI. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 4, 858108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2022.858108

Simón, C., Revilla, E., & Jesús Sáenz, M. (2024). Integrating AI in organizations for value creation through Human-AI teaming: A dynamic-capabilities approach. Journal of Business Research, 182, 114783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114783

Soldatos, J., & Kyriazis, D. (Eds.). (2021). Becoming a Platform in Europe: On the Governance of the Collaborative Economy. Now Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1561/9781680838770

Tondel, P. (2024). Aligning personal and organizational values: A multifaceted exploration of employee perspectives in the first year of employment. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology Organization and Management Series, 2024(200). https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2024.200.25

Tsarouhas, P., & Grigoriadis, K. (2025). Building Trust in AI for Public Administration: A Strategic Framework for Transparency, XAI, Participation, and Digital Literacy. 2025 7th International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (ICHORA), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHORA65333.2025.11017116

Tseng, Y.-S. (2022). Algorithmic empowerment: A comparative ethnography of two open-source algorithmic platforms – Decide Madrid and vTaiwan. Big Data & Society, 9(2), 20539517221123505. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517221123505

Uddin, M., Arfeen, S. U., Alanazi, F., Hussain, S., Mazhar, T., & Arafatur Rahman, Md. (2025). A Critical Analysis of Generative AI: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research Directions. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-025-10355-z

Wang, B. (2025). Integrating research on interpersonal and organizational attraction via personality traits and value congruence. Current Opinion in Psychology, 66, 102114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102114

Wang, Y. (2024). Exploring the impact of workload, organizational support, and work engagement on teachers’ psychological well-being: A structural equation modeling approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1345740. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1345740

Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Geyer, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector—Applications and Challenges. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 596–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1498103

Wu, C., & Wu, G. (2017). Person-organization fit and innovative performance of employees: A literature review. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Education, Culture and Social Development (ICECSD 2017). 2017 International Conference on Education, Culture and Social Development (ICECSD 2017), Wuhan, China. https://doi.org/10.2991/icecsd-17.2017.41

Xi, L. H., Ai, K. Y., Salleh, N. M., Wong, M., & Mohammed, F. (2024). BERT-Based Transfer Learning Model to Enhance Human Resource Performance Appraisal System. 2024 7th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols, and Services (NETAPPS), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/NETAPPS63333.2024.10823610

Zerilli, J., Bhatt, U., & Weller, A. (2022). How transparency modulates trust in artificial intelligence. Patterns, 3(4), 100455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2022.100455

Zhang, C., & Magerko, B. (2025). Generative AI Literacy: A Comprehensive Framework for Literacy and Responsible Use (Version 2). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2504.19038

Downloads

Published

2025-11-29

How to Cite

Rosyid, F. A., Ingsih, K., & Febriana, A. (2025). AI and Employee Integrity in the Public Sector: The Roles of Trust, Values Alignment, Literacy and Job Complexity. International Student Conference on Business, Education, Economics, Accounting, and Management (ISC-BEAM), 4(2). Retrieved from https://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/isc-beam/article/view/61558