Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur

COVER AND PREFACE JURNAL KONVERSI ENERGI DAN MANUFAKTUR VOL. 9 NO. 2 (2024)

Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur Editor's — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 13:47:25 +0700

SUMMARY. Saputro and Golwa, in their paper, developed a blade generator system for generating electrical energy from wasted wind in AC condensers. In their paper, Sopiyan et al. conducted hard-facing using the SMAW process and added titanium to the weld layer to increase hardness and corrosion resistance. Anggraini et al., in their paper, conducted research to obtain the productive percentage and operator workload level on the SVC93E20PBE compressor assembly line for the R600A refrigerator unit. Sugiyanto et al., in their paper, conducted research to determine the effect of temperature and pressure on the thickness and shrinkage of 30 ml bottle molds. Maulidah et al., in their paper, compared the resistance of the BCM-3 ship with a conventional hull and the BCM-4 ship with a bulbous bow hull. Chandra et al., in their paper, manufactured Mg₂Si-based thermoelectric materials with bismuth doping using a solid-state reaction method using a powder technique in a sealed tube. Syaripuddin et al., in their paper, carried out hard facing on carbon steel surfaces using HV-800 electrodes with various thicknesses to see the hardness and corrosion of the weld layer. In addition, distortions were also observed in the post-welding specimens. Muliastri et al., in their paper, carried out welding on 6 mm AISI 1045 steel with varying currents of 75, 85, and 95 A to see the effect on the tensile strength and Vickers hardness tests.

ANALISIS KECEPATAN KELUARAN ANGIN KONDENSOR AC TERHADAP JENIS–JENIS BLADE GENERATOR LISTRIK DENGAN KOMPUTASI FLUIDA DINAMIK

Wahid Wahyu Saputro, Gian Villany Golwa — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 14:22:54 +0700

Electrical energy is widely used for household and industrial purposes, so the need for electrical energy will continue to increase every year. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an electrical energy generation system that comes from renewable energy such as wind. Currently, not much is known about the use of wasted wind from air conditioner (AC) condensers. The blow of wind can be used to produce electrical energy, so it is necessary to make wind-powered electric generator blades from the condenser output. The blade that will be designed is a three-blade model, so it is hoped that it can rotate the generator optimally. The purpose of this research is to design a three-blade type that can optimize the rotation of the electric motor/generator and get the maximum number of revolutions with a three-blade design because this design provides better stability and more efficiency. One way of making the design is to make simulation variations with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in order to find out the right blade design to rotate the generator and find out the wind blowing from the air conditioner (AC) condenser that crosses the blade. In this study, three simulations were carried out to get maximum results, namely 390 rpm at 42 °C with a velocity of 10.7 m/s and a pressure of 34.4 Pa. To be able to determine the effectiveness of the AC condenser wind output speed with a three-blade design.

PENGARUH TITANIUM DALAM LAPISAN LAS TERHADAP STRUKTUR MAKRO-MIKRO, KEKERASAN, DAN LAJU KOROSI

Sat, 22 Jun 2024 14:23:51 +0700

Low carbon steel cannot be hardened because of its low carbon content. Therefore, a hardfacing process is carried out to increase hardness. Apart from increasing hardness, the benefits of hardfacing can increase wear and corrosion resistance. The hardfacing process using the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process generally uses commercial electrodes. Therefore, it is necessary to add other elements such as titanium (Ti) to the weld layer to further increase its hardness. This research aims to study the influences of Titanium (Ti) addition in welding layers that were welded using HV 600 to micro and macrostructure, hardness, and corrosion rate. The hardfacing was conducted using the SMAW process with the various addition of Ti (0.115, 0.223, and 0.334 g) and cooled at room temperature. Macrostructure and microstructure were investigated using digital cameras and an optical microscope. Hardness and corrosion rate were investigated using the Vickers hardness test and weigh loss method. Based on macrostructure investigation, there is a perfect fusion between base metal and weld metal. The microstructure formed is a austenite, martensite and carbide phase. The lowest corrosion rate of 17.54 mpy was seen in the Ti1 sample. The lowest Ti addition would resulting higher hardness at 761.06 VHN.

PERHITUNGAN BEBAN KERJA OPERATOR LINI PERAKITAN KOMPRESOR TIPE SVC93E20PBE UNIT REFRIGERATOR R600A DI PT. PANASONIC MANUFACTURING INDONESIA

Meli Anggraini, Nur Aini Azisah, Diki Nugraha, Alsen Medikano — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 14:24:59 +0700

Panasonic Manufacturing Indonesia produces electronic equipment especially for the needs of ordinary consumers, business and industry such as refrigerators, ACs, water pumps, fans, washing machines and audio with problems with refrigerator and AC production units. The research was carried out on the SVC93E20PBE type compressor assembly line for the R600A refrigerator unit with the problem of operator workload being too high, above 100%. The research was conducted for 30 days on three compressor assembly line operators using the workload analysis method, with the aim of obtaining the productive percentage and workload level of operators on the SVC93E20PBE type compressor assembly line for the R600A refrigerator unit. Data was taken following a standard work sampling observation sheet, containing employee activities while working or unemployed with adjustments. The results of workload measurement using the workload analysis method showed that operator 1's workload was 133.63%, operator 2's workload was 133.62%, and operator 3's workload was 133.74%. Based on the description of the workload results for compressor assembly operators for the SVC93E20PBE type 600A refrigerator unit, the researcher proposes the addition of two operators to the compressor assembly line, a total of five operators with a workload for each operator of 80.198%.

ANALISIS HASIL CETAKAN MATERIAL POLYPROPYLEN BENTUK BOTOL MENGGUNAKAN METODE INJECTION BLOW MOLDING

Didik Sugiyanto, Enggar Darmawan Wicaksono, Asyari Daryus — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 14:30:18 +0700

The process of forming materials is often carried out in the manufacturing industry, especially in the process of forming plastic materials. One method is the injection blow molding, which is done by blowing air into a mold that has been previously designed. The need for a level of precision and accuracy in designing a mold using the injection molding process is one of the important things in the injection blow molding process. One of the designs that must be considered when printing a bottle-shaped product is that it must be precise, in accordance with the expected product design, by considering machine and mold design, material selection, molding materials, and manufacturing processes. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of temperature and pressure on thickness and shrinkage in molds with 30 ml bottle shape. From the results of tests that have been carried out, the effect of a pressure of 4 bar and a temperature of 160 °C produces an average thickness of the mold of 1.03 mm, while at a pressure of 4 bar and temperature of 180 °C the average thickness is 1 mm. The standard used for bottle products is less than 1 mm so that the pressure 4 bar from the experimental results meets the standards for injection blow molding process mold results and for shrinkage occurs at 0.681 %.

APLIKASI COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC PADA ANALISIS DAMPAK BULBOUS BOW TERHADAP HAMBATAN KAPAL BANTU CAIR MINYAK

Sat, 22 Jun 2024 14:26:06 +0700

The concept of oil liquid auxiliary vessel combines tanker and container ship features, designed to achieve high speed while maintaining the same displacement, necessitating design analysis to optimize hull resistance. One approach used is the addition of a bulbous bow to the hull. This study compares the resistance between the conventional hull of BCM-3 and the bulbous bow-equipped hull of BCM-4 using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method with NUMECA. Speed variations used were 16 knots, 17 knots, and 18 knots. The research results show that the use of a bulbous bow on BCM-4 yields more optimal total resistance, with respective resistance values of 339.807 N at 16 knots, 374.558 N at 17 knots, and 497.606 N at 18 knots.

PEMBUATAN PADUAN INTERMETALIK Mg2Si DENGAN DOPING BISMUTH SEBAGAI MATERIAL TERMOELEKTRIK

Sat, 22 Jun 2024 14:27:30 +0700

Increasing efficiency in gasoline fuel consumption in motorized vehicles is currently continuing. One way this is done is by making use of the energy that is lost during the combustion of a motorcycle engine. About half of the energy produced during burning will be lost due to heat energy and exhaust gases. This waste heat can be utilized by converting it into another form of energy. Thermoelectric materials are those that can convert heat energy into electricity directly. Thus, in this work, we synthesized the bismuth-doped Mg₂Si thermoelectric material using a solid-state reaction method using a powder in a sealed tube technique. The initial step in the production process involves measuring the raw materials bismuth, silicon, and magnesium using the Mg₂Si_1-xBi_xformula (x = 0.00, 0.025, and 0.045). The raw material powder is grinded in a shaker mill before being sealed in a stainless steel tube. The powder is sealed in a tube and heated to 800 °C for 6 hours. According to XRD test results, the Mg₂Si phase and Si and MgO phases have formed. The lattice constant of the cubic Mg₂Si phase was found at ~0.636 nm. A SEM investigations of surface morphology suggest that bi-doping on Si sites influences grain size refinement. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Mg₂Si intermetallic alloy production process was successfully completed.

PERILAKU DISTORSI, KEKERASAN DAN KOROSI HASIL HARDFACING PADA PERMUKAAN BAJA KARBON MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTRODA HV-800 DENGAN BERBAGAI KETEBALAN

Syaripuddin, Sopiyan, Ahmad Nur Hisyam, Rani Anggrainy — Sat, 22 Jun 2024 14:28:44 +0700

This research aims to look at the hardness and corrosion of the weld layer. In addition, distortions were also observed in the post-welding specimens. Weld layers were made with variations of one, two and three layers of welding using HV-800 electrodes. The first step in this research is a literature study, followed by preparing tools and materials, heating electrodes, welding process, observing distortion, cutting specimens for testing followed by hardness and corrosion testing, and data analysis and conclusions. From the results of observing the distortion, it can be seen that the thicker the weld layer, the greater the distortion that will occur. Distortions in specimens welded with one, two and three layers are 1.5, 4 and 6° respectively. Furthermore, based on the results of the hardness test, it can be seen that the thicker the weld layer, the greater the hardness. The hardness of the one, two and three layer welded specimens was 550.2, 632.82 and 650.68 HV respectively. Then, based on the weighing results, it can be seen that the longer the immersion time, the greater the reduction in mass during 120 hours of immersing. Finally, from the results of the corrosion rate calculation it can be seen that the thicker the weld layer, the lower the corrosion rate that will occur. The corrosion rates for specimens welded with one, two and three layers were 13.23, 11.02 and 10.29 mpy, respectively. All three specimens have good corrosion resistance because they fall into the "good" criteria.

PENGARUH VARIASI KUAT ARUS SMAW TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK BAJA AISI 1045

Destri Muliastri, Lenny Iryani, Dibyo Setiawan, Kukuh Ramadhan, Toni Okviyanto — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 13:21:24 +0700

This study discusses the effect of variations in the parameters of the welding process on the tensile strength and Vickers hardness tests. In general, it is widely known that in the fabrication process, welding is a very important process that is used to join two or more materials. The welding process is carried out with variations in the strength of the welding current, namely 75, 85, and 95 A. The experimental method used in this research is AISI 1045 steel material with a thickness of 6.0 mm. The results of the tensile strength test have the highest value at a current strength of 75 A which is equal to 756.642 MPa. The lowest tensile strength test results were obtained with a tensile strength of 687.608 MPa at a current strength of 95 A. specimens with variations in current strength of 95 A have the highest value in the Vickers hardness test, with a hardness value of 281.25 HV. From the research conducted it is known that as the welding current increases there is a decrease in the value of the tensile strength. The hardness value in the heat affected zone (HAZ) area of all test specimens has the highest value, while the hardness value of weld metal (WM) and base metal (BM) has almost the same hardness value.