HUBUNGAN PERILAKU MAKAN DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN STATUS GIZI REMAJA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP.121.04Keywords:
aktivitas fisik, perilaku makan, status giziAbstract
Abstrak
Status gizi merupakan hasil keseimbangan antara asupan zat gizi dari makanan dan pengeluaran energi melalui aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi remaja di SMA Negeri 1 Sei Rampah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Sei Rampah pada bulan November 2022 hingga Februari 2023, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 71 remaja yang dipilih melalui teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran antropometri dan pengisian kuesioner. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Rank Spearman, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 50,7% remaja memiliki perilaku makan yang kurang baik, 90,10% memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik sedang, dan 43,70% memiliki status gizi kurang. Uji Rank Spearman menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi (p = 0,000). Hasil regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa perilaku makan dan aktivitas fisik berhubungan signifikan dengan status gizi remaja (Y = -1,906 + 0,062 perilaku makan + 0,002 aktivitas fisik; p = 0,000), dengan perilaku makan sebagai faktor yang paling dominan. Dengan demikian, terdapat hubungan antara perilaku makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi remaja di SMA Negeri 1 Sei Rampah. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa program edukasi gizi dan promosi gaya hidup aktif di lingkungan sekolah dapat menjadi strategi yang efektif untuk mencegah dan mengatasi masalah gizi pada remaja. Intervensi yang berkelanjutan dan berbasis sekolah perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas perilaku makan dan aktivitas fisik sebagai upaya mendukung perkembangan remaja yang optimal.
Abstract
Nutritional status is the result of a balance between nutrient intake from food and energy expenditure through physical activity. This study aims to examine the relationship between eating behavior and physical activity with the nutritional status of adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Sei Rampah. The research employed an observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Sei Rampah from November 2022 to February 2023, involving 71 adolescents selected through random sampling. Data collection was carried out through anthropometric measurements and questionnaire completion. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman rank test, while multivariate analysis used multiple linear regression. The results showed that 50.7% of adolescents had poor eating behavior, 90.10% had moderate physical activity levels, and 43.70% had poor nutritional status. The Spearman rank test indicated a significant relationship between eating behavior and physical activity with nutritional status (p = 0.000). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between eating behavior and physical activity with adolescents’ nutritional status (Y = -1.906 + 0.062 eating behavior + 0.002 physical activity; p = 0.000), with eating behavior being the most dominant factor. Thus, there is a significant relationship between eating behavior and physical activity with the nutritional status of adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Sei Rampah. These findings suggest that nutrition education programs and the promotion of active lifestyles within the school environment can be effective strategies to prevent and address nutritional problems among adolescents. Sustainable, school-based interventions should be developed to improve the quality of eating behavior and physical activity as part of efforts to support optimal adolescent development.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mahdalena Sardi, Erli Mutiara, Esi Emilia, Risti Rosmiati, Novita Sari Harahap

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