ANALISIS SISTEM KELUARGA KRISTEN KATOLIK JAWA YANG MEMILIKI ANAK DENGAN AUTISME: SEBUAH STUDI NARATIF
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP.111.08Keywords:
sistem keluarga, anak dengan autisme, ekologi, mikrosistem, makrosistemAbstract
Abstrak
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan bagaimana sistem keluarga yang memiliki peran tersendiri yang berbeda pada keluarga pada umumnya. Terlebih lagi, terdapat seorang anak dengan autisme sebagai anggota keluarga yang tentunya menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi orang tua. Pada keluarga ini, ibu menjadi tulang punggung ekonomi dan ayah cenderung sebagai pendamping bagi anak dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, terjadi suatu hal yang menjadi permasalahan ketika terdapat peran yang tidak umum dan ditambah pula hadirnya anak dengan autisme yang tentunya memerlukan pengasuhan, pendidikan, dan perhatian yang lebih intens. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan naratif deskriptif secara holistik. Hasil penelitian ini terbagi pada lima bagian, yakni struktur keluarga, tahap perkembangan berkeluarga, fungsi dan peran dalam berkeluarga, serta sistem keluarga. Ditemukan bahwa dinamika sistem pada keluarga ini cenderung pada teori ekologi. Dalam keluarga ini, terdapat mikorsistem, makrosistem, dan eksosistem yang berjalan. Secara mikrosistem, terdapat pemenuhan kebutuhan fisik dan emosional melalui komitmen dan komunikasi positif. Selain itu, pemenuhan spiritualitas dengan rutin ibadah ke Gereja juga menjadi sarana penguatan ketahanan keluarga. Kemudian, secara makrosistem, budaya Jawa yang kental dianut pun membawa keluarga ini pada tradisi tertentu yang kemudian dapat memberi dampak pada sistem dan dinamika keluarga. Di sisi lain, lingkup eksosistem, seperti lingkungan sosial serta media massa atau penggunaan teknologi pun terlihat dalam dinamika keluarga ini. Dengan adanya penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan bagi keluarga lainnya dalam membangun sistem keluarga yang memiliki ketahanan baik.
Abstract
The research aims to find out and explain how the family system has its own role that is different from the family in general. Moreover, there is a child with autism as a family member which is certainly a challenge for parents. In this family, the mother plays the important role to fulfill the economic needs and the father tends to be a companion for the child in the educational needs. Therefore, there is something that becomes a problem when there is an unusual role and the presence of a child with autism is added which of course requires more intense treatment, education and attention. To answer the formulation of the problem, the researcher used a qualitative method with a holistic descriptive narrative. The results of this study are divided into five parts, namely family structure, family development stages, functions and roles in family, and family system. It was found that the dynamics of the system in this family tends to be ecological theory. Within this family, there are microsystems, macrosystems, and ecosystems. In microsystems, there is fulfillment of physical and emotional needs through commitment and positive communication. In addition, fulfilling spirituality by regularly going to Church is also a means of strengthening family resilience. Then, on a macrosystem basis, the strong adherence to Javanese culture also brings this family to certain traditions which can then have an impact on the system and family dynamics. On the other hand, the scope of the ecosystem, such as the social environment and mass media or the use of technology can also be seen in the dynamics of this family. With this research, it is hoped that it can become a reference for other families in building a family system that has good resilience.
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