Pengaruh Problem-Based Learning Berbasis STEM terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Statistik Siswa SMP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/jrpms.102.08Keywords:
kemampuan pemecahan masalah statistik, pembelajaran berbasis masalah, pendidikan STEM, penyajian data, siswa SMPAbstract
Pembelajaran statistika di SMP perlu memberi kesempatan kepada siswa untuk tidak hanya menyajikan data, tetapi juga menggunakan data tersebut untuk memahami persoalan, menentukan strategi, dan menarik kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menguji efektivitas Problem-Based Learning (PBL) berbasis STEM dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah statistik siswa kelas VII. Sebanyak 51 siswa SMP IT Adzkia terlibat dalam desain kuasi eksperimen pretest–posttest control group, yang terdiri atas 25 siswa kelompok eksperimen dan 26 siswa kelompok kontrol. Pembelajaran berlangsung selama empat pertemuan pada materi Penyajian Data. Kemampuan siswa diukur menggunakan delapan soal uraian yang merepresentasikan empat tahapan Polya: memahami masalah, merencanakan strategi, melaksanakan strategi, serta memeriksa dan menafsirkan hasil. Perbedaan capaian akhir dianalisis melalui ANCOVA dengan skor pretest sebagai kovariat. Setelah kemampuan awal diperhitungkan, kelompok PBL berbasis STEM memperoleh capaian yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok pembelajaran reguler, F(1,48) = 152,462, p < 0,001, dengan partial eta squared 0,761. Rata-rata terkontrol kelompok eksperimen mencapai 77,58 dan kelompok kontrol 62,09. Analisis per tahap menunjukkan efek terbesar pada kemampuan memeriksa dan menafsirkan hasil, diikuti melaksanakan strategi, merencanakan strategi, dan memahami masalah. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa PBL berbasis STEM terutama memberi keuntungan pada proses penggunaan dan interpretasi data dalam penyelesaian masalah statistik.
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