Implications of Reading the Qur’ān with an Elaboration Approach to Older Adult’s Memory

This study aims to determine the implications of reading the Al-Qur’ān with an elaboration approach to older adult memory. Participant N = 42 (aged 55-78 years). Participants were obtained using a purposive technique at the Majlis Ta’lim X. This study uses a quasi-experimental approach with a discontinuity regression design. Reading the Al-Qur’ān with an elaboration approach is used to 1) understand the meaning of the verses of the Al-Qur’ān and 2) learn the science of Tahsin and tajwid. The al-Qur’ān reading questionnaire using interactive theory was made to find the implications of reading Al-Qur’ān with elaboration and memory questionnaires applying two-factor theory and recognition. The study results show implications for reading the Al-Qur’ān with an elaboration approach to late adult memory at Majlis Ta’lim X. In conclusion, there are implications for reading the Al-Qur’ān with an elaboration approach to late adult memory at Majlis Ta’lim X.


A. Introduction
Mothers reciting the Al-Qur'ān seem to be a conversation that attracts the attention of many people-starting from the Fifth President of the Republic of Indonesia, Megawati Soekarnoputri, providing clarification regarding her statement regarding women's recitation, which had become a controversy some time ago. The study's maternal members had a developmental span from early adulthood to late adulthood.
Religious activities such as reciting the Al-Qur'ān, which mothers carry out, are primarily carried out in Indonesian society. Al-Qur'ān reading activities tend to have an impact on their memory. According to Feldman, O.P. (2009), educational programs focusing on social and practical issues or more severe education can strengthen older adult memory.
Formal and informal approaches to late adult intervention and adaptation can help offset the effects of age-related memory changes (Bonder, B.R., & Haas, V.D.B., 2009). There is a lot of research related to ageing and memory. Some studies show a pessimistic decline in outcomes, and others find no age-related deficit (Campbell & Charness, 1990;Foos, 1989;Light, Zelinski, & Moore, 1981;Salthouse, 1991, Beerten, 1994Bonder, B.R., & Haas, V.D.B., 2009;Einstein & McDaniel., 2004). Various research results in an article written by Einstein & McDaniel., (2004) titled "Memory Fitness A Guide For Successful Aging", both of them finally concluded all the research results by starting with two questions: 1) whether memory loss is a result of ageing or 2) their attitude toward ageing? They explain that both of these factors can lead to age-related memory decline. However, there are steps to reduce or slow memory loss: 1) there is evidence that mental activity and physical exercise can help.
2) attitudes about ageing and memory. Not only does it lower expectations, but it hurts mature memory performance. Good study strategies can improve memory at any age. It takes faith that there are strategies to take steps to improve memory. Cognitive intervention programs have long been carried out in society to strengthen memory in older adulthood.
Among them through Majlis Ta'lim facilities. Majlis Ta'lim conducts Al-Qur'ān reading activities. Some studies have shown that participation in cognitively stimulating activities such as reading can increase the reserve capacity of cognitive function in older adults (Scarmeas et al.;Wilson et al. in Bonder, BR, & Haas, V.D.B., 2009). Thus, delaying signs of cognitive impairment such as brain pathologies (e.g., Alzheimer's). According to Feldman Amid individual pessimism about "learning and remembering" for older adults, this research provides information and enlightenment on the importance of giving the right approach to help older adults retain memory into long-term memory when reading the Al Qur'ān. The elaboration approach to information processing theory while studying at the Ta'lim assembly is the basis for testing older adult memory.
Based on some previous research backgrounds, the researcher finally hypothesized: "Are there any implications for reading the Al Qur'ān with an elaborative approach to older adult memory at Majlis Ta'lim X?".
Reading is a complex intellectual process that includes understanding the meaning of words and simultaneously thinking about verbal concepts in the reader's mind. In reading activities, according to interactive theory, the reader actively responds and expresses the sound of writing and the language used by the author. In addition, readers must be able to describe the meaning contained in it or the meaning the author wants to convey through the text he reads. With reading activities, memory work tends to remain effective and efficient, according to the nature of the memory work itself.
Reading the Al Qur'ān is recommended reading for all human beings. Allah's advice in the Al Qur'ān Surah Al-'Alaq {96}: 1-5 which reads: Al-Qur'ān reading activity in older adulthood can form a cognitive reserve equivalent to intelligence-plus education and is considered to play a role in the recovery seen in cognitive function after brain damage (Kapur in Pinel, J.P.L. 2009).
Mental training is beneficial for neurological and psychological capacities that can make the brain maintain power, growth, and memory improvement throughout the age range as a treatment for various memory problems (Cottman & Berchtold in Pinel, 2009). The human nervous system is a plastic (changing) organ that can grow and develop continuously in response to a genetic program (Pinel, J.P.L, 2009 Eggen & Kauchack, 2016). Elaboration is a form of coding. One way to make information more meaningful. So that the information received can be stored very well in long-term memory.
The majlis Ta'lim in Indonesia has applied the elaboration approach in teaching Al-Qur'ān reading to older adults. One example of Elaboration that has been used in reading the Al Qur'ān, especially tajwid: end, reading the Al-Qur'ān with an emphasis on Elaboration predicts that researchers can easily remember it from long-term memory to older adult working memory.
Stern & Alexander (in Bonder & Haas, 2009) explain that using familiar learning materials and methods increases the chances of the final adult being successfully trained.
The author (in Bonder & Haas, 2009) also emphasizes the importance of providing feedback on the success of training programs to increase self-confidence and maintain motivation.
Adults need plenty of time to learn new skills with the mnemonic strategies in the elaborative form that accompany normal ageing and that are seen in mild cognitive impairment can be overcome.
Training for older adults must emphasize practical mnemonic strategies designed to be 'user-friendly' to help them maintain their learning strategies (Job et al. in Bonder & Haas, 2009).

C. Research Methods
This study used a quasi-experimental design with discontinuity regressionmeasurement of the implications of reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaborative approach to older adult memory. The participants were 42 older adults (aged 55-78 years) who took part in the study at the X majlis of Ta'lim. The participants were obtained using a purposive sampling technique. Total Subject 42 Table 1 shows heterogeneous educational and occupational backgrounds.
Personal identity data to find out age, gender, and educational background. Memory data were obtained from a questionnaire made by the researcher after the researcher received Al-Qur'ān. Read the Al-Qur'ān with tajwid in two ways: asking adult members to read the Al-Qur'ān with Tartil tajwid and seek its laws. Then, when he feels that he has had enough, the Ustadzah reads each verse aloud, then asks the adult congregation, plus explains the law of recitation, the letters and how to read them. Tajwid The practical and reality standards in this study are as follows: higher than a hypothetical average (7.5). These data indicate that based on the questionnaire that has been prepared, older adult memory has a memory above the average hypothesis. Meanwhile, reading the Al-Qur'ān has an empirical average (11.64) higher than a hypothetical average (7.5). This data shows that based on the questionnaire that has been prepared, reading the Al-Qur'ān in older adulthood can read the Al-Qur'ān above the average hypothesis.
The frequency distribution for the final adult memory scores is as follows:  Table 3 above describes the categories of memory abilities of older adults, older adults in the low sort, as many as five people (12%), medium type 8 people (19%) and high category, as many as 29 people (69%).
The categorization of reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach is as follows: High 9,9 -14 33 78.5 % Table 4 above illustrates the low category for reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach of 2 people (4.8%), the medium type for reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach of 7 people (16.7%) and the high category for reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach of 33 people (78.5%).
The results of research with simple regression processing are as follows: variable with Elaboration is increased by one unit, the memory power of older adult majlis Ta'lim congregation will increase by 88.1%.
The research results above can answer the hypothesis. There are implications of reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach to late adult memory at the X majlis of Ta'lim, with a p-value of 0.000. With a beta value of 0.881. which means that if the Al-Qur'ān recitation variable with Elaboration is increased by one unit, the memory power of the late adult majlis Ta'lim members will increase by 88.1%.
The results of this study follow many previous studies that late adults are still capable of having the same or nearly the same level of memory as young people if there is a solid effort to improve or improve memory by systematically organizing the brain, namely by operating short-term memory automatic coding to be forwarded to long-term memory so that it can be retrieved when needed (Kausler & Lichty, 1988, 1994Kausler, 1994;Light, 1991;Ver Haegen & Mat coen, 1994) in another sense. the need for potential to use strategies more effectively (Salthouse, 1991).

Implications of Reading the Qur'ān … Erna Multahada
Jurnal Studi Al-Qur'an, P-ISSN: 0126-1648, E-ISSN: 2239-2614 279 Amir et al. (2022), in their research The Effect of Religious Activity on Quality of Life and Cognitive Function in the Elderly, found that there was a significant effect on the quality of life and cognitive function in parents who carried out religious activities. This study proves the importance of practising religious movements among older people in achieving healthy old age. Another researcher, Saquib et al. (2017), in a study entitled The Health Benefits of Memorizing the Al-Qur'ān for Elderly Men, found that there is a robust linear relationship between memorizing the Al-Qur'ān and hypertension, diabetes and depression, which shows that those who remember most of the Al-Qur'ān are less likely to have one of these chronic diseases.
The research in this paper related to reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach has very significant implications for late adult memory. Because the Ustadzah has long implemented teaching reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach, when one knows that specific methods such as Elaboration are suitable for adults, then everything one reads and learns from reading the Al-Qur'ān will be easily remembered and stored well in metaphor that is also with older adult life. Some elaboration approaches will be effortless for older adults to understand and remember so that they become older adults with long-term memory.
When selecting teaching methods is appropriate, it can provide representations to be appropriately coded and stored in long-term memory. If stored properly in long-term memory, reading information will never be forgotten. It can be withdrawn (Eggen & Kauchack., 2016).
Use it or lose it. This is the potential for keyword memory ability (Papalia., 2008).
When the brain is rarely used, its function decreases. "READ" is an exercise for the brain.
Likewise, reading the Al-Qur'ān can be a brain exercise. Reading the Al-Qur'ān can stimulate cognition. When someone reads the Al-Qur'ān, interactive theory also applies, namely a complex intellectual process that includes two primary abilities: the ability to understand the meaning of the words it conveys and the ability to think about verbal concepts. Reading the Al-Qur'ān must be done with recitation or Tartil, and one must be This opinion implies that when reading the Al-Qur'ān, two-way concentration coincides in the reader's mind. In carrying out reading activities, the reader actively responds and expresses the sound of writing and the language used in the Al-Qur'ān. In addition, readers must be able to describe the meaning or purpose the Al-Qur'ān wants to convey through the text they read. The work process of reading the Al-Qur'ān, in the end, can still activate cognitive work.
According to Khrisna Pabichara (2010), strengthening memory can be done by: doing repetition, involving emotions, reinforcing, attaching importance, and involving all the senses. He also stressed the need to take the time to read. Such conditions occur in older adults who read the Al-Qur'ān in a study.
Reading the Al-Qur'ān in older adulthood is said to strengthen memory because apart from reading the Al-Qur'ān independently at home, based on data obtained from the personal data of each older adult subject, they participate in majlis Ta'lim activities in their environment at least once a week. This means they keep repeating it repeatedly, and when they read the Al-Qur'ān, they feel happy, comfortable and calm-evidenced by his enthusiasm in participating in the Ta'lim assembly in deepening the understanding of the recitation of the Al-Qur'ān. Especially with the guidance of an Ustadzah, even though at the age of 55 -78 years, he still looks ghiroh (extraordinary spirit).
This study found that there are implications for reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach to memory in late adults of 42.1%. This study also found a strong and significant correlation between reading the Al-Qur'ān and the elaboration approach and late adult memory. The correlation of Al-Qur'ān reading with the elaboration approach and final adult memory is 0.649.
The strong correlation between reading the Al-Qur'ān and memorizing the Al-Qur'ān in older adulthood can also be caused by the positive attitude of the early adult congregation towards reciting the Al-Qur'ān. As the Prophet SAW said, "The best of you are people who like to study the Al-Qur'ān and teach it" (HR. Usman bin' Afan ra in Ramadlan A. Ust, 1987). This hadith becomes the spirit or motivation to read the Al-Qur'ān so that reading the Al-Qur'ān keeps the brain active. Moreover, reading the Al-Qur'ān for older adults is not a new activity.
Positive attitudes and beliefs about the benefits of reading the Al-Qur'ān can improve working memory in older adulthood. Especially with the elaboration approach given by the Ustadzah in teaching Al-Qur'ān reading. According to research quoted from Einstein (2004).
There is an influence on ageing attitudes and memory. Most important for older adulthood are strategies for improving memory.
The implications of reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach to older adult memory can also be seen from the category of more senior adult memory ability, namely: 12% of subjects had a low score, 19% of subjects had a moderate score, and 69% of subjects had a high score. And for the ability to read the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach, there are 4.8% of subjects with low scores, 16.7% of subjects with moderate scores and 78.5% with high scores.
This category provides proof of the success of the translation for use in late adult memorization, especially for the Ta Cultural, experience, and environmental demands influence memory enhancement strategies (Stenberg. JR 2009). The culture of reading the Al-Qur'ān at majlis Ta'lim X can provide the right memory strategy in reading the Al-Qur'ān, namely Elaboration so that reading the Al-Qur'ān is included and stored in older adult students.
Lastly, this study proves significant implications of reading the Al Qur'ān with an elaborative approach to older adult memory at Majlis Ta'lim X.

E. Conclusion
There are significant implications for reading the Al-Qur'ān with an elaboration approach to older adult memory at the Al-Istiqomah K.H. Djurjani Bekasi. The educational program in the form of reading the Al Qur'ān with Elaboration can retain the final adult reading until it is entered into memory.