JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan

Junior High School Student Models in Online Learning as A Post-Covid Effect

Sat, 27 Apr 2024 12:55:24 +0700

Online learning was one of the preferred learning strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in learning orientation that was very fast with little coercion due to the limitations of face-to-face learning make educational institutions design appropriate learning strategies. Students as one learning component certainly try to adjust their activities in online learning. The process of adapting to online learning often causes failure in the learning process because of their unpreparedness for online learning. Finding a suitable role model in the process of adapting to online learning was a problem in this study. This study aims to design student models in online learning during the learning process. This study method uses a data visualization approach with data mining and involves as many as 350 students from various junior high schools in Malang. The results showed that there were differences in students' tendencies towards the choice of online learning platforms. In addition, skills in using technology are a determining factor in the formation of student profiles. Implementation of study results is one of the keys to the development of online learning in the future.

How to Improved MSMEs Competitiveness in Indonesia?: Augmented Reality for Digital Marketing Innovation

Robinson Situmorang, Cecep Kustandi, Khaerudin — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 12:59:19 +0700

This research aims to analyze the development of Augmented Reality (AR) as a digital marketing innovation in tourist villages in West Java. This research uses the Borg and Gall (2003) development model with quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. The research results show that this mobile-based AR is said to be feasible for use with an average feasibility test value of 78.7%. The implication of this research is tourist villages in promoting their tourism potential starting from tourist destinations to MSMEs. Apart from that, the presence of MSMEs can also encourage the potential of culinary tourism in tourist villages so that they can develop further following technological developments.

Intelligibility of English Vocabulary for Young Learners in EFL Context: Digital Book Vs Printed Book on Listening and Pronunciation Skills

Sat, 27 Apr 2024 13:12:58 +0700

This study explores young learners’ intelligibility of English vocabulary for young learners in the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context using Digital Books vs Printed Books which focus on listening and pronunciation skills. The intelligibility was measured from listening tests. The research is an experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design. Sixty-one out of 156 elementary level from grade 4^th were taken randomly thirty students belonged to the control group while another thirty belonged to the experimental group. This study applied the Mann-Whitney Test. The result showed that young learners with digital books outperformed listening and pronunciation for young learners in the EFL context. In short, digital books with listening and pronunciation are very beneficial for young learners in acquiring EFL vocabulary.

The Picture Storybook of Pancasila Values as the Formation of National Character in Pancasila and Civics Education Learning Class Five of Elementary School in Indonesia

Linda Zakiah, Komarudin, Eti Herawati — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 13:23:46 +0700

The Pancasila is five life principals of Indonesian and it has been crafted from the ancestor. The Indonesian independence fighters had been trying to create the Pancasila and now it is officially the Indonesian life principals. As the teachers, the Pancasila are compulsory to be taught and delivered to the schools in all levels including elementary schools. One of the main issues among teachers across Indonesia is that it is difficult to transfer Pancasila values to the students because it is considered to be character and it needs a habit to measure how student understand about the values. The aim of this study is to provide a teaching method for elementary school students when learning Pancasila values through the storybook. The values of Pancasila is closely related to the moral of Indonesian. The method used in this research is mix method with Research and Development (R&D) approach and also using ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) model. This model is designed to create a new learning model for delivering Pancasila values to the students. The data has been collected from 30 students, and one elementary school teachers. The techniques used is questionnaires, interview, and classroom observation. The finding shows that the storybook is effectively used to transform the knowledge of Pancasila values to the students and one of the book called “sahabat toleransi” or a tolerance friends shows that having a friends can be part of Pancasila values. Therefore, it can be concluded that Pancasila values can be taught through some other ways and the picture storybook can be an option for the teachers to teach about it.

The Analysis of Students Needed in Digital Teaching Media

Septi Budi Sartika, Suyidno, Akbar Wiguna — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 13:55:35 +0700

Digital teaching media has become an integral part of education in the industrial era 4.0, but most schools have not facilitated it properly. This study aims to analyze students' needs for digital learning media. This study is a cross-sectional survey research, where 661 junior high school students in East Java were involved in filling out a digital teaching media needs survey questionnaire. Based on the results of the analysis, digital learning media is needed by students, especially to make it easier for them to learn science material, make learning more fun, and increase motivation and science learning outcomes. Thus, the media needs to be implemented at the education level.

QR Code-Based Digital Media for Scientific Literacy Skills Enhancement of Elementary School Students

Pratiwi Kartika Sari, Dzakiyah Nabilla Qonita — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 13:55:06 +0700

QR Code-based learning encourages teachers to be more creative in designing lessons and students to become more active in the learning process. The problems that are present are the low literacy skills of students in the field of science education, the lack of ability in the field of digital-based technology for science literacy learning, describing alternative solutions to improve science literacy in elementary school students. The development of learning materials in the form of QR Code-based E-Modules aims to enhance higher-order thinking skills in thematic learning. This research aims to develop, validate, and assess effectiveness development of QR Code-Based digital media to enhance scientific literacy skills in the teaching of natural sciences. The research design follows the Research and Development (R&D) method, specifically the Richey and Klein method, consisting of three stages: Planning, Production, and Evaluation. Validation results from media experts show a percentage of 91.57%, language experts 84.38%, and content experts 96.13%. Thus, the developed product is considered highly feasible and ready for testing. The next stage involves one-to-one testing, small group testing, and field testing. One-toone testing scores were 90.28%, small group testing was 93.33%, and field testing was 85.74%. To verify the accuracy of the data, a paired sample t-test using SPSS is conducted, resulting in significance = 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that implementing QR Code-based digital media in science education has a significant positive effect, making it highly feasible and effective for use in fourth-grade science classrooms. Thus with this research students' abilities in implementing scientific literacy in everyday life can be improved to achieve better learning outcomes.

Implementation of the GELIS Program in the School Literacy Movement at Elementary School

Winanjar Rahayu, Suyono, Radeni Sukma Indra Dewi, Slamet Arifin — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 14:13:46 +0700

The school literacy movement has become an important focus for improving the quality of education in Indonesia. One of the problems that contributes to the decline in students' understanding of the learning process is the low interest in reading among students in Indonesia. This research involved 15 elementary school teachers and three main literacy figures. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the GELIS (School Literacy Movement) program in elementary schools. This research uses the CIPP approach, and this type of research is called descriptive evaluation. Data collection was mainly carried out through surveys, which included observation, interviews, and distributing questionnaires to research participants. The findings show that the implementation of the program was carried out using methods and strategies, namely preliminary studies, objectives, and division into several aspects of literacy, namely habituation, development, and learning programs. The results of the CIPP evaluation show that the context is in accordance with the objectives of character building and increasing student literacy, the input uses standard facilities and infrastructure but needs improvements in aspects of teacher resources, and the process is in line with expectations. The planning stages and sorting activities based on aspects and products had a positive impact, namely increasing literacy for both students and teachers, with an increase in the percentage of those in the category who "always" read a book for 15 minutes from 21.4% to 92%. And for teachers in the "always" category, the indicator of finding literacy teaching methods is effective from 7.14%, rising to 92%.

Interactive Multimedia Based on A Problem Based Learning Model in Integrated Social Science Learning For Class Eight Junior High School

Rinta Adestya Anissi, Darmansyah — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 14:12:47 +0700

Integrated social studies learning in junior high schools experiences problems, namely low student interest and learning outcomes. This is caused by students who are less active when studying. The aim of the research is to describe the process, validity, practicality and effectiveness of developing interactive multimedia based on the problem base learning (PBL) model in Integrated Social Sciences learning for class VIII SMP. This research uses the development and research (R&D) method with the ADDIE model. The data analysis technique in this research uses a Likert scale. Testing the validity of interactive multimedia includes material, media and language experts. The practicality test involved one Integrated Social Sciences teacher and 30 class VIII students at SMPN 22 Padang. The validity test results from material experts obtained a score of 3.5, media experts scored 3.6 and language experts scored 4 in the very valid category. The results of the practicality test by educators obtained a score of 3.9, and students scored 3.7 in the very practical category. The results of the effectiveness test obtained a very effective category because there were significant differences in student learning outcomes in using interactive multimedia.

Developing a Gamified Digital Learning Media to Cultivate Singing Skills for Junior High School Students

Wulandari, Leo Agung Sutimin, Eka Budhi Santosa — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 14:09:54 +0700

Digital learning media based on gamification is rarely found in singing education, yet the impact of utilizing such learning tools cannot be underestimated. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a gamified digital learning media product for cultural arts education in junior high schools. The research adopts a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, focusing on the development and validation process of gamified digital learning media suitable for educational purposes. The research subjects consist of media experts, content experts, and cultural arts teachers from State Junior High School 3 Grogol, Sukoharjo. Data collection techniques involve a media validation questionnaire, which is then analyzed using percentages and described to provide an overview of the suitability level of this gamified media. The research results indicate that the average validation results obtained from media experts I and II are 86%, while the average results from content experts I and II are also 86%. After being validated by the cultural arts teachers, the gamified media received an average total score of 87% from three teachers, all falling under the 'very good' qualification. Therefore, based on the assessments of media experts, content experts, and teachers, it is concluded that the gamified digital learning media product is categorized as 'suitable' for use as an alternative cultural arts learning media in State Junior High School 3 Grogol. The existence of this appropriate media undoubtedly stands as an innovative learning tool, incorporating gaming elements to enrich the process of singing skills.

Strategies for Using Learning Media in Islamic Religious Education Subjects

Wahyudi Widodo — Sun, 28 Apr 2024 13:38:45 +0700

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) is an important subject for every student to learn. Islamic Education learning can be organized by utilizing various types of learning media, as has been implemented in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Wonokoyo, East Java, where Islamic Education learning involves the use of print media and audio-visual media as learning tools. The purpose of this study is to examine the strategy of using learning media in IRE subjects at Madrasah Tsnawiyah Miftahul Ulum Wonokoyo. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through literature study, observation, and interviews with three Islamic teachers at the MTs. The collected data were analyzed through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the management of the use of learning media in IRE subjects at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Wonokoyo is still weak. This is caused by several factors, namely the lack of support from the madrasah for the procurement of IRE learning media and the lack of willingness of IRE teachers to improve their competence in the use of learning media. Efforts to improve the management of the use of learning media in IRE subjects at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Wonokoyo require some management improvements in aspects such as the curriculum that can support the effective use of learning media, the role of teachers to improve their competence in the use of learning media, learning methods and learning media.

Education Transformation in Palangka Raya: Optimizing Technology Management through Artificial Intelligence Towards Quality Improvement

Berkat — Sun, 28 Apr 2024 13:41:13 +0700

The aim of this research is to determine the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, especially in the field of institutional education. Specifically, the aim of this research is to answer the role of AI in helping students and teachers find new teaching materials that are more efficient and effective in increasing student competence. The method used is a literature study using a systematic literature review approach. In a systematic literature review, all reading is analyzed and placed in the preparation of background, theory and discussion. The number of journals used was 35 journals, some of which were books and other online manuscripts. Data were analyzed using five steps, namely tracing primary and secondary sources; data processing/citation of references; presenting data; interpret data; and draw conclusions. The research results found that artificial intelligence has gained widespread acceptance and use in the field of education, especially in the field of institutional education which is the main topic of this research. The research also found that AI robots can now be used as stand-alone co-teachers or educators, as well as robots to perform similar tasks to educators or instructors. Utilization of these resources has been able to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of educators, so that the quality of teaching is richer or better. Furthermore, the research results found that, artificial intelligence has given students access to a better learning experience because Artificial Intelligence allows the adjustment of learning resources according to students' needs and abilities. In general, the research results found that, artificial intelligence has influenced education significantly, especially in the fields of management, teaching and learning both in the educational sector or personal situations teaching educational institutions.

Effect Size of General English Modules Development through MPI + R Model on the Lecturer Professionalism

Roslina, Hanna, Asrun Lio, Nasrul — Sun, 28 Apr 2024 13:46:29 +0700

Previous studies on General English (GE) showed that the challenge to lecturer professionalism is the issue of providing teaching materials. While Instructional Design provided pedagogic activities, so the General English Modul development through Model Pengembangan Instruksional (MPI) + Revalidation (R) was propose to be an alternative solution. For that reason, a case study with an experimental design done to measure the effect size of MPI + R on the lecturers professionalism development. Under one goup pre and post test design, three GE Lecturers at Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka (USN Kolaka) involved in GE module development through ID model MPI + R . The development phase done during September 2022 to Mey 2023. The data collected by using Danielson Teaching Framework Instrument and the effect size calculated by nonparametric and Cohen-D test. The effect size calculation showed that the ID model MPI + R has a great effect on the lecturer professionalism. It can be concluded that MPI + R is able to be an alternative solution for lecturer professionalism development.

Information and Communication Technology in the Learning Process

Abdul Azis, Nurasiah, Teuku Kusnafizal, Sakdiyah, Alfian — Sun, 28 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indonesian Government issued a policy to implement Distance Learning (PJJ) or Online Learning. This applies to all levels of education, elementary, junior high, high school and university. During online learning, students are not only required to have learning independence but also self-regulation and social support to meet the expected learning outcomes. This study aims to describe the utilization of information and communication technology in learning history class X SMA Negeri 1 Banda Aceh. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach. Data collection in this study used observation, interview, questionnaire, and document methods to obtain data on the utilization of information and communication technology in history learning. The results showed that: first, the utilization of information and communication technology in the history learning process of class has been implemented well. Second, there are advantages in the use of information and communication technology during the history learning process in the COVID-19 era, namely: (1) more flexible schedule; (2) easier assessment; (3) students do not need to go to school; (4) parents can accompany students during the learning process, and (5) students can access the internet to answer questions given by the teacher.

Virtual Laboratory and Self-Efficacy in Optimizing Problem-Solving Skills: A Case in Applied Chemistry Learning in Vocational College

Arsani Ida Ayu Anom, Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba, Darma I Ketut, Yusuf M — Sun, 28 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The limitation of laboratory facilities in conducting practical chemistry learning activities has become one of the triggers for less optimal learning processes. Implementation of virtual laboratory simulation becomes a solution to overcome the limited equipment of practicum activities. It is possible to overcome some of the challenges that are currently being experienced in chemistry education by making effective use of virtual laboratories. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the impact of virtual laboratories and self-efficacy on the improvement of problem-solving skills among engineering students in the context of applied chemistry education. The research employs a quasi-experimental design to examine the impact of independent variables on dependent variables. Participants in this study are students enrolled in the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering and Utility Engineering Technology programs within the Mechanical Engineering Department of Bali State Polytechnic. The study utilized data collection instruments consisting of tests assessing problem-solving skills and questionnaires measuring self-efficacy. The current study employs analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) as a statistical method to examine the hypothesis.The hypothesis testing results show that using virtual laboratories has a better effect than problem-solving skill demonstrations when it comes to electroplating learning activities. The observed correlation between self-efficacy and improved problem-solving skills does not seem to result in a significant impact.

Effectiveness of Learning Management System of Universitas Negeri Malang in Supporting Distance Learning

Tue, 30 Apr 2024 12:45:57 +0700

The COVID-19 pandemic requires distance learning to be carried out by all educational institutions. The learning management system plays a crucial role in supporting modern distance learning that is carried out online. However, the effectiveness of LMS in supporting distance learning at the State University of Malang has not been known. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of LMS SIPEJAR as a learning management system owned by the State University of Malang in supporting students' distance learning. The sample of this study was students of the Department of Educational Technology batch 2019. The approach used was descriptive qualitative, with the interview method used to collect data from selected participants using a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that LMS SIPEJAR is effective in supporting online distance learning for students at the State University of Malang, although several aspects must be improved. This research can be used as a reference and recommend State University of Malang and other institutions to improve the quality of their distance learning.

Portraying Teacher Performance Management in Schools Implementing Semester Credit System

Desi Mardianti, Bambang Budi Wiyono, Ali Imron, Ery Tri Djatmika — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 13:15:48 +0700

The purpose of this study is to reveal the management of teacher performance management in schools that implement the Semester Credit System (SKS). This study uses a qualitative approach with a multi-site study design, using in-depth interviews, observation, and study of documents in collecting data. Data analysis was carried out in stages. The results showed that teacher performance planning in schools that manage the SKS program includes planning for the needs of the SKS program (needs for materials, facilities, infrastructure, and program facilities as well as the program implementing team), learning planning in the SKS program, planning for placement in the SKS class, planning for mentoring and academic guidance, training planning, capacity building, and budget planning for the SKS program. Second, the implementation of teacher performance is carried out by (a) preparing the needs of the SKS program by forming a team for developing the SKS program curriculum and making SKS program guidelines. The team is chaired by the principal, the waka of the curriculum as program coordinator, and teachers as team members. The team is tasked with preparing program guides, providing academic advisors, creating curriculum structures, determining learning loads, and recommending the number of credits to students. (b) academic tests, psychology, grades V and VI report cards, UN scores for consideration. Placing students in the SKS class in the first semester and determining the SKS program students in the second semester. Provide KRS. (c) Provide academic services in the form of academic guidance, teachers become academic advisors, provide study plan cards (KRS), help students determine credits, make learning tools, analyze student development, and socialize the development of student learning outcomes. (d) making lesson plans, making other teaching tools through the MGMP forum, preparing teaching materials, teaching processes, and teaching assessments. Third, teacher performance evaluation is carried out by the principal on an ongoing basis. Evaluation is carried out through meetings (meetings), briefings, and supervision. Supervision using a format that already exists and is available at school.

Cycle Model Of Integrative-Interconnective Strategy within Character Learning

Nurul Anam, I Nyoman Sudana Degeng, Dedi Kuswandi, Sulton — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 13:22:13 +0700

Received: Revised: Accepted: This paper describes the cycle model of integrative-interactive character learning strategies at ‘MTs’ (Islamic Junior High School) Islamic Boarding School. The data is focused on MTs Al-Qodiri 1 and Nuris 1 Jember. This study used a qualitative approach having a multi-site research principle. The findings of this study showed that the application of the cycle model of integrative-interactive character learning strategies in MTs Islamic Boarding School has its own characteristics and can be considered to be a successful model of student character development. Character learning materials, especially the character values are the integration of values within the formal curriculum and Sufi based Islamic Boarding School typical curriculum. The materials are organized through the process of determining the material, structuring the order, constructing analogy, and summarizing the contents of character learning. Various interactive, collaborative and learning media are used, so that the transfer process of character learning material is easily understood and practiced in daily life. In order to ensure that the organization and the process of learning provision are more optimal, the character learning regulation is carried out by a 24-hour scheduling process followed by a continuous process of monitoring, motivational management, and supervision.

Analysis of Natural Dye Batik Waste Management in Ciwaringin Village that is Integrated into Science Learning in Elementary Schools as an SDGs Program

Niniss Margareth, Nailah Tresnawati, Dian Permana Putri — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Batik is a cultural heritage of Indonesia, this is recognized by UNESCO that batik is an Indonesian culture that must be preserved. But in reality, the development of the batik industry is inversely proportional, Impact on the environment where the batik industry uses a lot of synthetic dyes, which have a negative impact on the surrounding aquatic environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the process of processing batik waste using natural dyes carried out by batik craftsmen in Ciwaringin village then the natural dye process can be integrated in science learning in elementary schools as one of the SDGs programs that utilize local potential and improve environmental conservation in the surrounding environment so that the waste produced does not damage the environment. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method, where data collection uses interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out with three main stages, namely data collection through exploration, data reduction, analysis, and integration in science learning in elementary schools. The results showed that the analysis of waste treatment starting from the process of making natural dyes, the process of making batik and the results of coloring the resulting waste is very low in residual waste so that batik products using natural dyes can be analyzed in terms of local wisdom that can be integrated in science learning in elementary schools, this can be used as an SDGs program in elementary schools that has a positive impact on the environment. The implication of this research is an effort to implement education to create local wisdom and environmental preservation and stimulate student creativity in creating art products that have SDGs sustainability values.

Teacher Perspective: Implementation of Contextual Teaching and Learning Model

Rizki Nurjehan, Khairil Ansari, Yusnadi — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Research on Teacher Perspectives in the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning model aims to analyze teachers' views on the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning model. This research analyzes the difficulties, obstacles, advantages and disadvantages during the process of implementing the Contextual Teaching and Learning model. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method using observation sheets and questionnaires to collect the required information data and process it into the findings described. The findings obtained from the research are that there are obstacles to implementing the Contextual Teaching and Learning model at the Learning Community stage of 50% compared to the level of difficulty at other stages such as constructivism 20%, inquiry 10%, questioning 5%, modeling 5%, reflection 5% and authentic assessment 5%. Furthermore, it can be seen that the lowest level of implementation was in the Learning Community component, with 55 people answering that it was not implemented. Furthermore, in other components, namely constructivism, inquiry, questionnaire, modeling, reflection and authentic assessment, it was seen that an average of 15 to 20 people answered that it had not been implemented. So the research results conclude that there are obstacles to the implementation of the Learning Community stages in the Contextual Teaching and Learning model. The difficulty of implementing the Learning Community stages by teaching staff.

Analysis of the Need for Development of a Virtual Space for Student Guidance and Counseling

Sri Wahyuni, Zamroni, Rizka Apriani, Otto Fajarianto — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to develop an innovative virtual space for academic guidance as a means of increasing student competency. The development method involves interactive design and the integration of information technology to create an engaging and effective learning environment. In addition, this research will evaluate the impact of using this virtual space on improving students' academic skills, as well as analyzing their perceptions and experiences during the guidance process. It is hoped that the results of this research can make a significant contribution to the development of innovative academic guidance methods and support increasing student competence in this digital era.

Development of Teaching Performance Evaluation Application for Lecturers Using K-Nearest Neighbor Method with Manhattan Distance Approach

Annisa Helmina, Dedy Irfan, Fahmi Rizal, Kasmita — Fri, 03 May 2024 16:27:18 +0700

Based on the initial observation, there are several underlying issues that form the basis of this research. The teaching performance evaluation at Padang State University has limitations regarding the courses to be evaluated. Each student can only evaluate 5 (five) courses per semester, where these five courses are randomly selected by the system, allowing each student to evaluate different courses even in the same class. The evaluation of teaching performance at Padang State University is not specific to individual lecturers but to the courses. One course can be taught by several lecturers, so students evaluating the learning cannot provide assessments for each lecturer. This results in each lecturer not having their own performance results. Furthermore, the teaching performance evaluation at Padang State University does not have a classification for the filled evaluations, thus requiring a long time to calculate the final results. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4-D development model consisting of four stages: definition, design, development, and dissemination. The type of data used is primary data obtained from 3 media validators, the evaluation administration of Padang State University, and 46 students. The data analysis technique used is descriptive data analysis to describe the validity and practicality of the developed lecturer performance evaluation application. The results of this development study produced a lecturer performance evaluation with 202 training data, 47 test data, resulting in an accurate system with a precision value of 88.76%, a recall value of 89.93%, and a program accuracy value of 94.04%. The validity results of the web-based learning evaluation conducted by media experts obtained a score of 0.864 with a valid category. The practicality value of using web-based lecturer performance evaluation by students obtained a score of 87.42 with a practical category. Meanwhile, the practicality value obtained by the evaluation administration of Padang State University is 89.33 with a practical category.