Learning Social Studies through Video: Audio-Visual Media and Fifth-Grade Learning Outcomes

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audio Visual terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kelurahan Ujung Menteng

Abstract

Social studies (IPS) lessons in elementary schools in Ujung Menteng, East Jakarta, are often teacher-centred, and available devices such as projectors and Chromebooks are not used to engage students. This study tested the effect of audio-visual media, in the form of learning videos, on fifth-grade students’ IPS learning outcomes. A quantitative quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design was used. The experimental class (n = 31) learned with videos and the control class (n = 31) with visual PowerPoint media over seven meetings. Learning outcomes were measured with a pretest and a posttest and analysed in SPSS 25. The pretest means were almost equal (60.22 and 60.35). The experimental class rose to 84.13 (N-gain 59.23%) and the control class to 67.61 (N-gain 18.43%). The data were normal (Kolmogorov–Smirnov sig. 0.200) and homogeneous (sig. 0.174), and the independent-samples t-test gave sig. 0.000, so the null hypothesis was rejected. Students in the video class were also more active and asked more questions. Because the classes were intact, the video was new to students, and the control class used a different medium from the usual one, the results show that video was associated with higher outcomes but do not separate the effect of the medium from novelty. Learning videos can support IPS teaching in schools that have the devices.