PENERAPAN PADUAN BAHAN PARAMAGNETIK ALUMINIUM-LITIUM (AL-LI ALLOY) GENERASI KETIGA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU STRUKTURAL SAYAP PESAWAT TERBANG: SEBUAH KAJIAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/03.1101.FA19Abstract
Abstrak
Bahan paramagnetik adalah bahan yang memiliki magnetisasi sejajar dengan medan magnetnya. Material yang termasuk ke dalam paramagnetik adalah Aluminium dan Litium. Aluminium dapat dipadukan dengan unsur-unsur logam lain, yakni dengan Cuprum, Litium, Magnesium, dan lain-lain. Paduan aluminium mempunyai konduktivitas listrik dan panas yang tinggi serta tahan korosi. Di dalam industri dirgantara, paduan Aluminium-Litium banyak digunakan sebagai penyusun struktur pesawat terbang. Komponen utama pada pesawat terbang yang paling kompleks dan berfungsi untuk menghasilkan gaya aerodinamika dengan memanfaatkan perbedaan tekanan udara dari bagian atas dan bawah strukturnya adalah sayap pesawat. Struktur sayap pesawat membutuhkan bahan yang bersifat elastis, tensile, memiliki ketahanan tinggi, tahan korosi, dan toleransi kerusakan. Tulisan ini merupakan suatu kajian naratif berdasarkan jurnal nasional dan internasional yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai karakteristik dan penerapan paduan Al-Li generasi ketiga sebagai bahan baku struktural sayap pesawat terbang. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan paduan Al-Li generasi ketiga berpotensi untuk digunakan pada struktur kerangka sayap pesawat terbang dikarenakan paduan Al-Li memiliki massa jenis yang relatif rendah, modulus spesifik tinggi, tahan korosi, dan tahan retak fatik, dimana sesuai dengan syarat yang dibutuhkan oleh kerangka sayap pesawat terbang.
Kata-kata kunci: Bahan paramagnetik, Paduan Aluminium-Litium, Struktur sayap pesawat
Abstract
Paramagnetic materials are materials that have a magnetization parallel to their magnetic field. Materials that are classified as paramagnetic are Aluminum and Lithium. Aluminum can be combined with other metal elements, e.g. Cuprum, Lithium, Magnesium, etc. Aluminum alloys have high electrical and thermal conductivity, and corrosion-resistant. In the aerospace industry, Aluminum-Lithium alloys are widely used as a constituent of aircraft structures. The main component with the most complex aircraft and generates aerodynamic forces by utilizing the difference in air pressure from the top and bottom of the structures is the wing of the aircraft. The aircraft wing structure requires materials that are elastic, tensile, high resistance, corrosion resistance, and damage tolerance. This paper is a narrative study based on national and international journals that aims to provide information on the characteristics and application of third-generation Al-Li alloys as structural raw materials for aircraft wings. The results of the study show that the development of the third generation Al-Li alloys has the potential to be used in aircraft wing component structures because the Al-Li alloys has a relatively lower density, high specific modulus, corrosion resistance, and fatigue crack growth resistance, which is accordance with the required requirements of airplane wing structures.
Keywords: Paramagnetic materials, Aluminium-Lithium Alloy, Aircraft wing structure
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