The Combination of Massage and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation to Improve Range of Motion After Ankle Injury in Football Athletes of  Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Salsa Bila Raif Sargyono; Samsudin; Ela Yuliana; Fatah Nurdin; Kuswahyudi; Nadya Dwi Oktafiranda

doi:10.21009/segar/1302.05

Authors

Salsa Bila Raif Sargyono UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA
Samsudin UNJ
Ela Yuliana UNJ
Fatah Nurdin
Kuswahyudi
Nadya Dwi Oktafiranda

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21009/segar/1302.05

Keywords:

Massage, Propioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Range of Motion, Ankle Injury

Abstract

Ankle injuries are common among football athletes and often result in symptoms such as limited movement or decreased range of motion (RoM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combining massage and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) in improving RoM following ankle injuries in athletes from the Performance Sports Club Football Team at Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ). This study employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test model, with participants selected through purposive sampling. A total of 14 samples met the inclusion criteria. Ankle joint RoM was assessed using a goniometer during plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, eversion, and inversion movements. Measurements were taken before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention, which was administered three times over the course of one week. Statistical analysis showed a significant improvement in the RoM for plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, and inversion (P = 0.00 or P < 0.05), but not for eversion (P = 0.919 or P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the combination of massage and PNF can effectively enhance ankle joint RoM in plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, and inversion, but not in eversion. This may be due to the anatomically limited eversion angle of the tibiotalar joint surface, which restricts eversion RoM. Consequently, the improvement in eversion RoM was not statistically significant after the intervention. However, the extent to which anatomical factors affect eversion RoM remains unclear and warrants further investigation.

References

Alahmari, K. A., Silvian, P., Ahmad, I., Reddy, R. S., Tedla, J. S., Kakaraparthi, V. N., & Rengaramanujam, K. (2020). Effectiveness of Low-Frequency Stimulation in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques for Post Ankle Sprain Balance and Proprioception in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BioMed Research International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9012930

Cloke, D. J., Spencer, S., Hodson, A., & Deehan, D. (2009). The epidemiology of ankle injuries occurring in English Football Association academies. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(14), 1119–1125. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.052050

Gasibat, Q., & Suwehli, W. (2017). Determining the Benefits of Massage Mechanisms: A Review of Literature. Article in Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences, 2(3), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rs.20170203.12

Gulbrandsen, M., Hartigan, D. E., Patel, K. A., Makovicka, J. L., Tummala, S. V., & Chhabra, A. (2019). Ten-year epidemiology of ankle injuries in men’s and women’s collegiate soccer players. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(8), 881–888. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-144-18

Hernowo, D. F., & Ambardini, R. L. (2019). Efektivitas Terapi Kombinasi Masase Frirage Dan Latihan Pnf Terhadap Pemulihan Cedera Panggul. Medikora, 18(2), 86–91. https://doi.org/10.21831/medikora.v18i2.29201

Hindle, K., Whitcomb, T., Briggs, W., & Hong, J. (2012). Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF): Its mechanisms and effects on range of motion and muscular function. In Journal of Human Kinetics (Vol. 31, Issue 1, pp. 105–113). Termedia Publishing House Ltd. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0011-y

Jodi, S., & Kushartanti, W. (2019). EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI MASASE TERHADAP NYERI GERAK DAN FUNGSI GERAK SENDI ANKLE PASCA CEDERA ANKLE. MEDIKORA, XVIII(2), 92–99.

Kolokotsios, S., Drousia, G., Koukoulithras, I., & Plexousakis, M. (2021). Ankle Injuries in Soccer Players: A Narrative Review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759 /cureus.17228

Lazarou L, Kofotolis N, Pafis G, Kellis E. (2018). Effects of two proprioceptive training programs on ankle range of motion, pain, functional and balance performance in individuals with ankle sprain. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 31(3):437-446. doi:10.3233/BMR-170836

Putro, M. D. S., Maksum, A., & Wahjuni, E. S. (2023). The Effectiveness Of Sports Massage On Ankle Injury Rehabilitation In East Java SMANOR Athlete. COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga, 15(3), 534. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v15i3.53104

Pratama, D. I., Sugiyanto, S., & Sihombing, S. (2020). Efektifitas Terapi Massage Terhadap Cedera Olahraga Nyeri Tumit Dan Nyeri Otot Tibialis Pada Atlet Futsal SMPN 18 Kota Bengkulu. SPORT GYMNASTICS : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 1(2), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.33369/gymnastics.v1i2.12805.

Rafli, M., & Utama, P. (2020). Efek Mirror Therapy Dan Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (Pnf). Ilmiah Fisioterapi, 20(1), 8–15

Retnoningsih, T., & Setyo Subyono, H. (2015). Tingkat Keberhasilan Masase Frirage Terhadap Penanganan Range Of Movement Cedera Ankle Info Artikel. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jssf

Sharman, M. J., Cresswell, A. G., & Riek, S. (2006). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. In Sports Med (Vol. 36, Issue 11).

Spernoga, S. G., Uhl, T. L., Brent, ;, Arnold, L., & Gansneder, B. M. (2001). Duration of Maintained Hamstring Flexibility After a One-Time, Modified Hold-Relax Stretching Protocol. In Journal of Athletic Training (Vol. 36, Issue 1). Association, Inc. www.journalofathletictraining.org

Terada, M., Pietrosimone, B. G., & Gribble, P. A. (2013). Therapeutic interventions for increasing ankle dorsiflexion after ankle sprain: A systematic review. Journal of Athletic Training, 48(5), 696–709. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.4.11

Thiele, F., Schuhmacher, S., Schwaller, C., Plüss, S., Rhiner, J., List, R., & Lorenzetti, S. (2018). Restrictions in the ankle sagittal- and frontal-plane range of movement during simulated walking with different types of orthoses. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk3020021

Weerapong, P., Hume, P. A., & Kolt, G. S. (2005). The Mechanisms of Massage and Effects on Performance, Muscle Recovery and Injury Prevention. In Sports Med (Vol. 35, Issue 3).

Yin, Y., Wang, J., Lin, Q., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., & Sun, J. (2025). Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on patients with chronic ankle instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.031135