Perlawanan Siswa Disabilitas Korban Bullying
Studi fenomenologi di SMKN 1 Probolinggo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/INSIGHT.081.02Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan tiga hal. Pertama mengetahui perilaku bullying apa saja yang dialami siswa disabilitas SMKN 1 Probolinggo. Kedua, mengetahui perlawanan siswa disabilitas korban bullying SMKN 1 Probolinggo. Ketiga, mengetahui perasaan yang muncul pada siswa disabilitas korban bullying SMKN 1 Probolinggo. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini dibatasi mengenai bullying pada IS selaku siswa disabilitas lingkungan SMKN 1 Probolinggo. Jenis disabilitasnya tuna daksa. Ada pun metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Jenisnya fenomenologi. Yakni membiarkan realitas berbicara sendiri dan merefleksikan perasaan subjek penelitian atas fenomena yang dialami. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan tiga hal; Pertama, subjek IS mengalami bullying fisik, verbal, finansial, sosial, dan cyberbullying. Kedua, pelawanan subjek IS yang menjadi korban bullying antara lain memaafkan, membalikkan bullying verbal pada pelaku, tersenyum tulus, aktif kegiatan bersama komunitas, balas memukul, dan tidak membenci pelaku. Ketiga, perasaan yang dirasakan subjek IS antara lain; sakit hati, sabar, berani, dan mandiri. Temuan ini dapat menjadi salah satu referensi mengenal karakter peserta didik disabilitas yang mengalami bullying.
Kata kunci: perlawanan, disabilitas, bullying
References
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Rigby, K. (2005). Why Do Some Children Bully at School? School Psychology International, 26(2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034305052910
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Smedes, L. B. (1984). Forgive and forget: Healing the hurts we don’t deserve (Vol. 8). Harper & Row San Francisco.
Sukmasari, N. (2015). Mengajari Anak untuk Balas Pukul Saat Dipukul, Psikolog: Itu Keliru. Retrieved from https://health.detik.com/anak-dan-remaja/d-3026221/mengajari-anak-untuk-balas-pukul-saat-dipukul-psikolog-itu-keliru
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Tim Viva. (2017). Kronologi Kasus Bullying Remaja SMP. Retrieved from https://www.viva.co.id/berita/metro/936387-kronologi-kasus-bullying-remaja-smp
Tjahjono, H. (2017). Matinya Empati Sosial. Retrieved from https://kompas.id/baca/opini/2017/07/31/matinya-empati-sosial/
Tomazin, F., & Smith, B. (2007). The bully you can’t see. Retrieved from www.theage.com.au/news/in-depth/the-bully-you-cant-
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Wahyono, N. W. (2017). Merentas Rantai Perundungan. Retrieved from https://kompas.id/baca/opini/2017/08/22/merentas-rantai-perundungan/
Walton, E. (2005). Therapeutic forgiveness: Developing a model for empowering victims of sexual abuse. Clinical Social Work Journal, 33(2), 193–207.
Wardhana, K. (2015). Buku Panduan Melawan Bullying. Jakarta: Sudah Dong Community.
Warnaningrum, I. D., & Na’imah, T. (2016). Perilaku Memaafkan pada Korban Bullying Fisik di Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Psycho Idea, 14(1).
Willard, N. E. (2006). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social cruelty, threats, and distress. Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use.
Worthington Jr, E. L., vanOyen Witvliet, C., Lerner, A. J., & Scherer, M. (2005). Forgiveness in health research and medical practice. EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing, 1(3), 169–176.
Yudhianto, A. D., Hidayah, N., & Hambali, I. M. (2016). Pengembangan Modul Latihan Forgiveness untuk Siswa SMA di Kota Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 1(12), 2345–2352.
Anggraeni, T. (2014). Walau Pernah Dibully, Taylor Swift Tak Membenci Pelakunya. Retrieved from https://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/hollywood/walau-pernah-dibully-taylor-swift-tak-membenci-pelakunya-9fdc2a.html
Apriyadi, A. (2015). Pelaku Kasus Penganiayaan Tato Hello Kitty Tetap Divonis Dipenjara. Retrieved from https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2015/08/01/pelaku-kasus-penganiayaan-tato-hello-kitty-tetap-divonis-dipenjara
Bhat, C., Chang, S.-H., & Ragan, M. (2013). Cyberbullying in Asia. Education About Asia, 18, 36–39.
Bhat, C. S. (2008). Cyber Bullying: Overview and Strategies for School Counsellors, Guidance Officers, and All School Personnel. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 18(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.18.1.53
Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyber bullying: An old problem in a new guise? Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 15(1), 68–76.
Dubreuil, J., & Mcniff, E. (2010). Bullied to Death in America’s Schools. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/2020/TheLaw/school-bullying-epidemic-turningdeadly/story?id=11880841
Eskobar, M. (1998). Sekolah Kapitalisme yang Licik: Dialog Bareng Paulo Freire Terjemahan oleh Muhdi Rahayu. Yogyakarta: LkiS.
Field, E. M. (2007). Bully blocking: Six secrets to help children deal with teasing and bullying. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Gandhi, M. (1988). Semua Manusia Bersaudara. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia & Gramedia.
Godfrey, N. (2013). Has Your Kid Ever Been Victim to Money Bullying? Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/neale-godfrey/money-bullying_b_2199085.html
Hasbiansyah, O. (2008). Pendekatan Fenomenologi: Pengantar Praktik Penelitian dalam Ilmu Sosial dan Komunikasi. Mediator: Jurnal Komunikasi, 9(1), 163–180. https://doi.org/10.29313/mediator.v9i1.1146
Hawker, D. S. J., & Boulton, M. J. (2000). Twenty Years’ Research on Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Maladjustment: A Meta‐analytic Review of Cross‐sectional Studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(4), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00629
Hirsch, L. (2011). Bully.
KOMPAS. (2017). Perundungan Anak Meluas. Retrieved from https://kompas.id/baca/utama/2017/07/24/perundungan-anak-meluas/
Lasan, B. B. (2016). Penanggulangan Kenakalan Remaja di Sekolah: Beralih dari Paradigma Kausalitas ke Praktik Partisipatif. Seminar Nasional Bimbingan Dan Konseling Tahun 2016 Dengan Tema Profesi Bimbingan Dan Konseling, Tantangannya Dalam Menghadapi Problematika Remaja. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.
Leandha, M. (2017). Demi Amelia yang Meninggal Minum Racun Seusai Ungkap Dugaan Kebocoran Soal UN... KOMPAS. Retrieved from https://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/04/25/16534091/demi.amelia.yang.meninggal.minum.racun.seusai.ungkap.dugaan.kebocoran.soal.un.?page=all
Maharani, D. (2015). Senyum Bisa Mencegah dan Mengatasi “Bullying.” Retrieved from https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2015/08/09/141300823/Senyum.Bisa.Mencegah.dan.Mengatasi.Bullying
Marcos, S. (1992). Essay Our Word is Our Weapon. Washington: University of Washington.
Martin, A. D. (2003). Emotional Quality Management: Refleksi, Revisi, dan Revitalisasi Hidup melalui Kekuatan Emosi. Jakarta: Arga.
Megiza. (2015). Cerita Retno soal Tradisi Bullying Finansial di SMAN 3. Retrieved from www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20150525060521-20-55383/cerita-retno-soal-tradisi-bullying-finansial-di-sman-3
Noviana Dewi, E., & Prihartanti, N. (2016). Resiliensi Anak Korban Bullying Di Sekolah. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta.
Nugroho, F. T. (2016). Peran Guru BK di Sekolah dalam Menangani Dampak Psikologis Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Korban Bullying. Seminar Nasional Bimbingan Dan Konseling Tahun 2016 Dengan Tema Profesi Bimbingan Dan Konseling, Tantangannya Dalam Menghadapi Problematika Remaja. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.
Riauskina, I. I., Djuwita, R., & Soesetio, S. R. (2005). Gencet-gencetan” di mata siswa/siswi kelas 1 SMA: Naskah kognitif tentang arti, skenario, dan dampak” gencet-gencetan”. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 12(01), 1–13.
Rigby, K. (2005). Why Do Some Children Bully at School? School Psychology International, 26(2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034305052910
Sampson, A. (2016). Nelson Mandela: The Authorised Biography. Sleman: Bentang.
Setyawan, D. (2014). KPAI: Kasus Bullying dan Pendidikan Karakter. Retrieved from http://www.kpai.go.id/berita/kpai-kasus-bullying-dan-pendidikan-karakter
Setyorini, T. (2014). 5 Hal yang bisa diajarkan agar anak terhindar dari bullying. Retrieved from https://www.merdeka.com/gaya/5-hal-yang-bisa-diajarkan-agar-anak-terhindar-dari-bullying.html
Shariff, S. (2005). Cyber-dilemmas in the new millennium: School obligations to provide student safety in a virtual school environment. McGill Journal of Education/Revue Des Sciences de l’éducation de McGill, 40(3).
Smedes, L. B. (1984). Forgive and forget: Healing the hurts we don’t deserve (Vol. 8). Harper & Row San Francisco.
Sukmasari, N. (2015). Mengajari Anak untuk Balas Pukul Saat Dipukul, Psikolog: Itu Keliru. Retrieved from https://health.detik.com/anak-dan-remaja/d-3026221/mengajari-anak-untuk-balas-pukul-saat-dipukul-psikolog-itu-keliru
Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., … Roberts, J. C. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73(2), 313–360.
Tim Viva. (2017). Kronologi Kasus Bullying Remaja SMP. Retrieved from https://www.viva.co.id/berita/metro/936387-kronologi-kasus-bullying-remaja-smp
Tjahjono, H. (2017). Matinya Empati Sosial. Retrieved from https://kompas.id/baca/opini/2017/07/31/matinya-empati-sosial/
Tomazin, F., & Smith, B. (2007). The bully you can’t see. Retrieved from www.theage.com.au/news/in-depth/the-bully-you-cant-
Tutu, D., Mkhize, H., Boraine, A., Ntsebeza, D., Burton, M., Orr, W., … Mgojo, K. (1998). Truth and Renconciliation Commision of South Africa Report Volume 1.
Wahyono, N. W. (2017). Merentas Rantai Perundungan. Retrieved from https://kompas.id/baca/opini/2017/08/22/merentas-rantai-perundungan/
Walton, E. (2005). Therapeutic forgiveness: Developing a model for empowering victims of sexual abuse. Clinical Social Work Journal, 33(2), 193–207.
Wardhana, K. (2015). Buku Panduan Melawan Bullying. Jakarta: Sudah Dong Community.
Warnaningrum, I. D., & Na’imah, T. (2016). Perilaku Memaafkan pada Korban Bullying Fisik di Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Psycho Idea, 14(1).
Willard, N. E. (2006). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social cruelty, threats, and distress. Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use.
Worthington Jr, E. L., vanOyen Witvliet, C., Lerner, A. J., & Scherer, M. (2005). Forgiveness in health research and medical practice. EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing, 1(3), 169–176.
Yudhianto, A. D., Hidayah, N., & Hambali, I. M. (2016). Pengembangan Modul Latihan Forgiveness untuk Siswa SMA di Kota Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 1(12), 2345–2352.
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