Keruntuhan Peradaban Suatu Masyarakat dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an
Implementasi Analisis Sintagmatik-Paradigmatik Ferdinand De Saussure Perihal Interpretasi QS. Al-A‘raf[7]: 34
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/JSQ.015.1.03Keywords:
ollapse of society’s civilization, Al-Qur’an, Tafsir.Abstract
Al-Qur'an as a guide book through the concept of social laws seeks to encourage a positive transformation in human social life so that its function as a hudan can be realized. The social principles discussed in the Qur'an among other are those related to the dogmas that regulate the existence or period limit of human civilization. The doctrine is implied by this holy book through the terminology of ajal which is framed with the word ummah in QS. al-A‘raf 7: 34. The problem then arises regarding how to determine the meaning of ajal. This article is then written to address the problem that can be solved based on the mechanism of the epistemological framework of exegesis, using the syntagmatic-paradigmatic semiotic analysis of Ferdinand De Saussure. From the research that has been done, it is understood that the terminology of the collapse of the society’s civilization which is contained in the verse can be interpreted with the following senses: 1) It expresses the meaning of the population destruction caused by punishment; 2) It is interpreted as the phase of the end of the power/sovereign order of a nation as part of the characteristics of the community civilization entity. Generally, it was concluded that the trigger for the end of the civiliztion existence was caused by the fading of the religiosity in their lives which influenced the pattern of community interaction which then caused various kinds of social inequality. The disequilibrium that arises in the midst of this social ecosystem then ends the glory period of the civilization.
Keywords: Collapse of society’s civilization, Al-Qur’an, Tafsir.
Abstrak
Al-Qur’an sebagai kitab petunjuk lewat konsep hukum-hukum kemasyarakatan berupaya mendorong terjadinya transformasi positif dalam kehidupan sosial manusia agar fungsinya sebagai hudan dapat terealisasikan. Dimensi sosial al-Qur’an dalam QS. al-A‘ra>f[7]: 34 diantaranya memperkenalkan dogma mengenai aturan batas periode eksistensi peradaban melalui terminologi ajal yang dirangkaikannya dengan kata ummah. Problem kemudian muncul terkait bagaimana memaknai ajal bagi masyarakat yang disebutkan pada redaksi ayat tersebut. Artikel ini menjadikan topik di atas sebagai problem akademik yang diselesaikan berdasarkan mekanisme kerangka epistemologi tafsir dengan pendekatan analisis sintagmatik-paradigmatik semiotika Ferdinand De Saussure. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) Indikasi arti musnahnya populasi masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh azab, 2) fase berakhirnya orde kekuasaan/daulat suatu bangsa sebagai bagian dari ciri entitas peradaban komunitas. Pemicu berakhirnya eksistensi tamadun suatu kaum disebabkan oleh pudarnya nuansa religiusitas dalam kehidupan sehingga mempengaruhi pola interaksi masyarakat yang kemudian menimbulkan berbagai macam ketimpangan sosial. Disekuilibrium yang timbul di tengah-tengah ekosistem sosial ini lantas mengakhiri periode kegemilangan peradaban masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Peradaban masyarakat, Al-qur’an, Tafsir.
References
‘Abd al-Ba>qi>, Muh{ammad Fu’a>d. al-Mu‘jam al-Mufahras li Alfa>z{ al-Qura>n. Beirut: Da>r al-Fikr, 1412 H/1992 M.
Abdul Jabbar, M. Dhuha. dan N. Burhanudin, Ensiklopedia Makna Al-Qur’an: Syarah Alfaazhul Qur’an. Cet. I; Bandung: Media Fitrah Rabbani, 2012.
Amrullah, Abdul Malik Karim. Tafsir Al-Azhar, Juz VIII. Cet. I; Singapura: Kyodo-Shing Loong Printing Industries, 1983.
al-Andalusi>, Abu> H{ayya>n Muh{ammad bin Yusuf. al-Bah{r al- Muh{i>t{{, Juz V. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1420 H.
al-As{faha>ni>, Muh{ammad bin H{usain al-Ra>gib. al-Mufrada>t fi> Gari>b al-Qur’a>n. Beirut: Da>r al-Sya>miyat, 1412 H/1992 M.
al-Bagawi>, Abu> Muh{ammad al-H{usain bin Mas‘u>d. Ma‘a>lim al-Tanzi>l fi> Tafsi>r al-Qur’a>n, Juz II .Cet. I; Beirut : Da>r Ih{ya>’ al-Tura>s\ al-‘Arabi>, 1420 H.
al-Baid{a>wi>, Na>s{r al-Di>n Abu> sa‘i>d Abdulla>h bin ‘Umar. Anwa>r al-Tanzi>l wa Asra>r al-Ta’wi>l, Juz III. Cet. I; Beirut: Da>r Ih{ya>’ al-Tura>s\ al-‘Arabi>, 1418 H.
De Saussure, Ferdinand. Cours De Linguistique Generale. Terj. Rahayu S. Hidayat, Pengantar Linguistik Umum. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press, 1988.
al-Du‘a>s, Ah{mad ‘Ubaid. I‘ra>b al-Qur’a>n, Juz I. Cet. I; Damaskus: Da>r al-Muni>r, 1425 H.
al-Ma>turi>di>, Muh{ammad bin Muh{ammad. Ta’wi>la>t Ahl al-Sunna>h, Juz VI Cet. I; Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1426 H/2005 M.
al-Mara>gi>, Ah{mad bin Mus{t{afa>. Tafsi>r al-Mara>gi>, Juz VIII. Cet. I; Mesir : Maktabah Mus{t{afa> al-Ba>bi> al-H{alabi>, 1365 H/1946 M.
al-Ra>zi>, Muh{ammad bin ‘Amr bin H{asan bin H{usain. Mafa>tih{ al-Gaib, Juz XIV.Beirut: Da>r ih{ya>’ al-Tura>s\ al-‘Arabi>, 1420 H/ 1999 M.
al-Samarqindi>, Abu> al-Lais| Na>s{r bin Muha{mmad. Bah{r al-‘Ulu>m, Juz I .t.d.
al-Syauka>ni>, Muh{ammad bin ‘Ali> bin Muh{ammad. Fath{ al-Qadi>r, Juz II. Cet. I; Damaskus : Da>r Ibnu Kas\i>r, 1414 H.
al-Suyu>t{i>, ‘Abdurrah{ma>n bin Abi> Bakr Jala>l al-Di>n. al-Itqa>n fi> ‘Ulu>m al-Qur’a>n, Juz II. Mesir: al-Hai’ah al-Mis{riyyah al-‘A<mmah, 1394 H/1974 M.
al-T{abari>, Muh{ammad bin Jari>r. Ja>mi‘ al-Baya>n fi> Ta’wi>l al-Qur’a>n, Juz XII. Cet. I; Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risa>lah, 1420 H/2000 M
al-Zamakhsya>ri>, Abu> al-Qa>sim Muh{ammad bin ‘Amr. al-Kasysya>f ‘an H{aqa>’iq Gawa>mid{ al-Tanzi>l wa ‘Uyu>n al-Aqa>wi>l fi> Wuju>h al-Ta’wi>l, Juz II. Cet. III; Beirut: Da>r al-Kita>b al-‘Arabi>, 1407 H.
al-Zuh{aili>, Wahbah bin Mus}t{afa>. al-Tafsi>r al-Muni>r fi> al-‘Aqi>dah wa al-Syari>’ah wa al-Manhaj, Juz VIII. Damaskus: Da>r al-Fikr al-Ma‘a>s}ir, 1418 H/ 1998 M.
Fanani, Fajriannoor. “Semiotika Strukturalisme Saussureâ€, The Messenger, vol. 2. no. 2 Januari 2013.
Hasbi, Artani. “Gagasan Al-Quran Tentang Hukum Sejarahâ€, Jurnal Syamil,vol. 3, no. 1 2015.
Ibnu ‘A<syu>r, Muh{ammad T{a>hir bin Muh{ammad. al-Tah{ri>r al-Ma‘na> al-Sadi>d wa Tanwi>r al-‘Aql al-Jadi>d min Tafsi>r al-Kita>b al-Maji>d, Juz VIII. Tunisia: Da>r al-Tu>nisiyyah, 1984 H.
Ibnu ‘Ali> Rid{a>, Muh{ammad bin ‘Abduh bin H{asan Khairulla>h dan Muh{ammad Rasyi>d. Tafsi>r al-Mana>r, Juz VIII. Mesir: al-Haia’ah al-Mis{riyyah al-‘A<mmah, 1990.
Ibnu ‘At{iyyah, Abu> ‘Abd al-H{aq bin Ga>lib. al-Muh{arrar al-Waji>z fi> Tafsi>r al-Kita>b al-‘Azi>z, Juz II. Cet. I; Beirut: Da>r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1422 H.
Ibnu Manz{u>r, Muh{ammad bin Mukram. Lisa>n al-‘Arab, Juz XI. Beirut: Da>r al-S}a>dr, 1414 H/1994 M.
Ibnu Zakariyya>’, Ah{mad bin Fa>ris. Mu‘jam Maqa>yi>s al-Lugah, Juz I. t.t., Da>r al-Fikr, 1399 H/1979 M.
Kementerian Agama RI, Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya,. akarta: CV. Dua Sehati, 1433 H/2012 M.
Mus{t{afa>, Ah{mad. I‘ra>b Al-Qur’a>n wa Baya>nuh, Juz III. Cet. IV; Beirut: Da>r al-Yama>mah, 1415 H.
Mus{t{afa>, Ibra>him. dkk. al-Mu‘jam al-Wasi>t{, Juz I. t.t., Da>r al-Da’wah, t.th.
Nurdin, Ali. Quranic Society: Menelusuri Konsep Masyarakat Ideal dalam Al-Quran, (Jakarta: Erlangga, 2006.
Piliang, Yasrar Amir. “Semiotika Teks : Sebuah Pendekatan Analisis Teksâ€, Mediator, vol. 5. no. 2 2004.
Rusmana, Dadan. Filsafat Semiotika :Paradigma, Teori, dan Metode Interpretasi Tanda : Dari Semiotika Struktural Hingga Dekonstruksi Praksis. Bandung : Pustaka Setia, 2014.
S{a>fi>, Mah{mu>d bin ‘Abd al-Rah{i>m. al-Jadwal fi> I‘ra>b al-Qur’a>n al-Kari>m, Juz VIII. Cet. IV; Beirut: Da>r al-Rasyi>d, 1418 H.
Setyadi, Muhammad Arief dkk. “Analisis Semiotika Ferdinand De Saussure Sebagai Representasi Nilai Kemanusiaan dalam Film The Callâ€, e-Proceeding of Management, vol. 5. no.1 Maret 2018.|
Shihab, M. Quraish ed. Ensiklopedia Al-Quran: Kajian Kosakata, Jilid III, Edisi Revisi. Cet. I; Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2007.
-------. Secercah Cahaya Ilahi, Edisi Baru. Cet. II; Bandung: Mizan, 2013.
-------. Tafsi>r Al-Mishba>h : Pesan Kesan dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an, Vol. V. Cet. IX; Tangerang : Lentera Hati, 2007.
-------. Wawasan Al-Quran: Tafsir Tematik atas Pelbagai Persoalan Umat, Edisi Baru. Cet. I; Bandung: Mizan, 2013.
-------.Membumikan Al-Quran: Fungsi dan Peran Wahyu dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat, Edisi Baru .Cet. I: Bandung: PT Mizan Pustaka, 2013.
Sukyadi, Didi. “Dampak Pemikiran Saussure Bagi Perkembangan Linguistik dan Disiplin Ilmu Lainnyaâ€, Parole, vol. .3 no. 2 Oktober 2013.
Taufik, Wildan. Semiotika : Untuk Kajian Sastra dan Al-Qur’an. Cet. I. Bandung : Yrama Widya, 2016.
Zulfi Mubarak, Sosiologi Agama: Tafsir Sosial Fenomena Multi-Religius Kontemporer. Cet. I; Malang: UIN Malang Press, 2006.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the following terms:
- Author retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a creative commons attribution licensethat allow others to share the work within an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangementfor the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal).
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online(e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.
Users/public use of this website will be licensed to CC BY