Wireless Communication-Based Automatic Fire Alarm System: A Review

Abstract

In recent years, the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, big data, cloud computing, and other digital technologies has increased interest in wireless communication-based automatic fire alarm systems. Fire or smoke detection systems can be monitored locally on-site or remotely from distant locations according to user requirements. Remote alarm systems allow building owners or users to monitor conditions from a distance and take immediate action after receiving an emergency notification. Remote monitoring systems can be developed using various technologies, including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Ethernet, image processing, and other digital communication techniques. Although these systems generally offer reliable monitoring and communication, several concerns remain regarding system complexity, large configurations, high implementation costs, and excessive supporting components. Therefore, there is a need for fire alarm systems that are reliable, responsive, simple, easy to implement, and cost-effective. This review discusses the development of wireless communication-based automatic fire alarm systems, particularly the application of fire detection sensors, WSN communication, and remote notification systems. The reviewed studies indicate that wireless communication can support flexible fire monitoring, reduce dependence on conventional wiring, and enable automatic remote warning. However, further development is still required to improve system simplicity, communication performance, reliability, and implementation efficiency.