Smart IoT-Based Solar Charger Management System for Optimizing Clean and Affordable Energy Consumption
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009./joc.13.05Keywords:
Internet of Things, Smart Energy Management System, Solar EnergyAbstract
The rapid growth of energy consumption and environmental concerns require sustainable renewable technologies, particularly solar energy. However, inefficient energy management often limits its effectiveness. This study proposes an IoT-based Smart Solar Energy Management System to optimize energy generation, storage, and consumption in real time. The system integrates solar panels, battery storage, sensors, microcontrollers, and IoT communication to monitor parameters and distribute energy efficiently. Using an ESP32 microcontroller and calibrated INA219 sensors, the prototype automates overcharge protection via an electromechanical relay and hysteresis control. Experimental results demonstrate high measurement accuracy with over 99% current error reduction, rapid cut-off response times, and robust Telegram telemetry with a 100% packet delivery success rate. The system ensures thermal stability and reliable operation under field conditions. By providing an affordable and accessible smart energy management tool, this innovation directly supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 in enhancing clean, reliable, and sustainable energy availability for communities.
ABSTRAK
Pesatnya pertumbuhan konsumsi energi serta peningkatan isu lingkungan mendorong kebutuhan teknologi energi terbarukan yang berkelanjutan, khususnya energi surya. Namun, pengelolaan yang kurang efisien sering kali membatasi efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pengembangan Smart Solar Energy Management System berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) untuk mengoptimalkan pembangkitan, penyimpanan, dan konsumsi energi secara real-time. Sistem ini mengintegrasikan panel surya, baterai, sensor, mikrokontroler, dan komunikasi IoT guna memantau parameter kelistrikan serta mendistribusikan daya secara efisien. Menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 dan sensor INA219 terkalibrasi, prototipe ini mengotomatisasi proteksi pengisian berlebih melalui relay elektromekanis dan kontrol histeresis. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan akurasi pengukuran yang tinggi dengan reduksi kesalahan arus di atas 99%, respons pemutusan yang cepat, serta telemetri Telegram yang andal dengan tingkat keberhasilan pengiriman paket 100%. Sistem ini juga memastikan stabilitas termal dan operasional yang optimal. Melalui penyediaan manajemen energi cerdas yang terjangkau, inovasi ini mendukung pencapaian Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 dalam penyediaan energi bersih dan berkelanjutan.
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