EFFECT OF AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM USING DRIVER MODEL ON EFFICIENCY OF COGNITIVE REPRESENTATION AND LEARNING UNDERARM ENTRY AND LEG DIVE FROM A STANDING POSITION IN FREESTYLE WRESTLING FOR STUDENTS
Keywords:
educational program, driver model, cognitive representation, leg dive, freestyle wrestlingAbstract
Background. Wrestling is a combat sport that requires mastery of various techniques and strong cognitive representation to perform skills effectively. Traditional teaching methods often focus primarily on physical execution, while neglecting structured cognitive engagement that supports deeper understanding and learning transfer. Objectives. To address this gap, this study aimed to examine the effect of an educational program based on the Driver model on enhancing cognitive representation and learning of the underarm entry and leg dive techniques from a standing position in freestyle wrestling among students. Method. The research employed an experimental method involving 50 students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Maysan. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group (n = 25), which received training using the Driver model, and a control group (n = 25), which received traditional instruction. The program lasted for eight weeks, consisting of eight educational units, with four units dedicated to each technique. Results. Findings indicated that the educational program using the Driver model significantly improved the experimental group’s ability to learn and execute the underarm entry and leg dive techniques compared to the control group. Moreover, the experimental group demonstrated higher efficiency in cognitive representation, reflecting deeper comprehension and skill retention. Conclusion. In conclusion, integrating the Driver model into wrestling instruction enhances both cognitive and technical aspects of learning. The study contributes to the field of physical education by recommending the adoption of structured cognitive-based models, such as the Driver model, in teaching wrestling techniques to optimize skill acquisition and student development.
References
Adriani, D., Rismayanthi, C., Ciptadi, Z. D. P., & Jurek, J. M. (2025). Punching bag and resistance band training: How does it affect the accuracy of Gyaku Tsuki punches in terms of arm muscle strength? Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v3i2.89689
Anchunda, H. Y., & Kaewurai, W. (2025). An instructional model development based on inquiry-based and problem-based approaches to enhance prospective teachers’ teamwork and collaborative problem-solving competence. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101480. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101480
Ciptadi, Z. D. P., Nugroho, S., Adriani, D., & Singh, L. T. (2025). The impact of teaching games for understanding and direct instruction models on volleyball passing skills based on arm strength. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 3(2), 102–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v3i2.89687
Ebrahim, T. Y., & Hussein, S. A.-H. J. A. (2025). The effectiveness of experiential learning strategy to developing some fixed-case football plans for students. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 3(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v3i2.90311
Eckner, J. T., Richardson, J. K., Kim, H., Joshi, M. S., Oh, Y. K., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2015). Reliability and criterion validity of a novel clinical test of simple and complex reaction time in athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 120(3), 841–859. https://doi.org/10.2466/25.15.PMS.120v19x6
Filippou, D., Buchs, C., Quiamzade, A., & Pulfrey, C. (2022). Understanding motivation for implementing cooperative learning methods: a value-based approach. Social Psychology of Education : An International Journal, 25(1), 169–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-021-09666-3
Griban, G., Dzenzeliuk, D., Dikhtiarenko, Z., Yeromenko, E., Lytvynenko, A., Otravenko, O., Semeniv, B., Prystynskyi, V., & Prontenko, K. (2021). Influence of Sambo wrestling training on students’ physical fitness. Sport Mont. https://doi.org/10.26773/SMJ.210219
Harianto, E., Gustian, U., Supriatna, E., Shalaby, M. N., & Taiar, R. (2023). Stimulating game performance skills in students: experimental studies using net games. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(2), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i2.65009
Huijgen, B. C., Leemhuis, S., Kok, N. M., Verburgh, L., Oosterlaan, J., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2015). Cognitive functions in elite and sub-elite youth soccer players aged 13 to 17 years. Plos One, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144580
Mashud, Warni, H., Putra, M. F. P., Haris, M. Al, Samodra, Y. T. J., Tantri, A., Kristiyandaru, A., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Integrating the Project-Based Learning and the Inclusive Teaching Style: An Innovation to Improve Freestyle Swimming Skills. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(5), 956–964. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110503
Rumpoko, S. S., Sistiasih, V. S., Budiyono, K., & Gandasari, M. F. (2025). Evaluating the effectiveness of a virtual reality-based training method for basic scuba diving skills. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 29(2 SE-Articles), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2025.0204
Sánchez Trujillo, M. D. L. Á., & Rodríguez Flores, E. A. (2022). Cognitive processes and reading skills in nursing students. Human Review. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades, 11. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4061
Scager, K., Boonstra, J., Peeters, T., Vulperhorst, J., & Wiegant, F. (2016). Collaborative Learning in Higher Education: Evoking Positive Interdependence. CBE Life Sciences Education, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-07-0219
Sudirman, R., Mashud, Aprial, B. M., Tahapary, J. M., Gunawan, Samodra, Y. T. J., Wati, I. D. P., Suryadi, D., Arifin, R., & Nawir, N. (2024). Plyometric training and circuit training in terms of eye-hand coordination: how it affects the explosive power of sickle attacks? Retos, 52, 131–137. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V52.101330
Suharsiwi, Rachmawati, N. I., Dehham, S. H., & Darmayanti, R. (2023). “DINO Vs. DINI” educational game to increase children’s cognitive abilities—what are its level elements? Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.61650/dpjpm.v1i2.244
Sulaiman, S. R., Zeebaree, M. R. Y., & Ramadhan, B. M. (2025). Effective VAR management and its impact on refereeing governance: A study of Kurdistan region fans in the Iraq Stars League. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 3(2), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v3i2.92816
Suryadi, D., Nasrulloh, A., Yanti, N., Ramli, R., Fauzan, L. A., Kushartanti, B. W., Sumaryanti, S., Suhartini, B., Budayati, E. S., Arovah, N. I., Mashud, M., Suganda, M. A., Sumaryanto, S., Sutapa, P., Abdullah, N. M. bin, & Fauziah, E. (2024). Stimulation of motor skills through game models in early childhood and elementary school students: systematic review in Indonesia. Retos, 51, 1255–1261. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101743
Veldman, S. L. C., Santos, R., Jones, R. A., Sousa-Sá, E., & Okely, A. D. (2019). Associations between gross motor skills and cognitive development in toddlers. Early Human Development, 132, 39–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.04.005
Yernazarov, S., Kinayatovich, U. Y., Ilyassova, A., Kadyrbekov, R., Kurmanali, I., & Seitbekova, K. (2025). Theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of special endurance in freestyle wrestling among qualified student-athletes. SPORT TK-EuroAmerican Journal of Sport Sciences, 14(SE-), 59. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.670901
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed Hato Ali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
