Relevansi Antara Hardiness dan Emotional Labor Pada Perawat Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Soegiri Kabupaten Lamongan
Kata Kunci:
Hardiness, Emotional Labor, Perawat, Stres, Beban Kerja
Abstrak
Salah satu indikator penentu mutu dari rumah sakit adalah pelayanan keperawatan. Penyesuaian tindakan, tingkah laku, ekspresi wajah perawat dalam melakukan pelayanan keperawatan ditempat kerja disebut dengan Emotional Labor. Hal ini akan berdampak pada psikologis dan lingkungan kerja. Namun, perawat dengan karakteristik tertentu akan mampu mencapai penyesuaian tindakan, tingkah laku, ekspresi wajah saat melakukan pekerjaannya tanpa menimbulkan dampak psikologis. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan antara hardiness dengan emotional labor pada perawat di ruang rawat inap umum. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Jumlah populasi perawat ruang rawat inap umum sejumlah 114 perawat. Tryout skala berjumlah 30 perawat diambil dari 10 ruang keperawatan umum dengan persentase yang sama. Subjek yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 84 perawat. Instrumen pada skala emotional labor disusun berdasarkan aspek dari Hochschild (2012)., berjumlah 20 aitem. Sedangkan pada skala hardiness disusun berdasarkan aspek dari Stein & Bartone (2020)., berjumlah 18 aitem. Teknik analisis product moment digunakan untuk mengukur korelasi kedua variabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan korelasi signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (< 0,05). Berarti dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat keterkaitan antara hardiness dengan emotional labor pada perawat yang bekerja di ruang rawat inap RSUD dr. Soegiri Kabupaten Lamongan. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena Emotional labor perawat yang baik akan mampu mendorong peningkatan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit, namun dampak dari emotional labor ini akan mampu dikurangi apabila individu memiliki karakteristik hardiness dengan adanya commitment, control dan challenge.
Referensi
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Ali, H., Cole, A., Ahmed, A., Hamasha, S., & Panos, G. (2020). Major stressors and coping strategies of frontline nursing staff during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2020 (Covid-19) in alabama. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 13, 2057–2068. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S285933
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Azarian, A., Farokhzadian, A. A., & Habibi, E. (2016). Relationship between psychological Hardiness and Emotional Control Index: A Communicative Approach. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 5(S), 216–221. https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/relationship-between-psychological-hardiness-and-emotional-control-index-a-communicative-approach.pdf
Badolamenti, S., Sili, A., Caruso, R., & Fida, R. (2017). What do we know about emotional labour in nursing? A narrative review. British Journal of Nursing, 26(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2017.26.1.48
Bagley, C., Abubaker, M., & Sawyerr, A. (2018). Personality, work-life balance, hardiness, and vocation: A typology of nurses and nursing values in a special sample of english hospital nurses. Administrative Sciences, 8(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8040079
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. In Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 273–285). Educational Publishing Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Delahaij, R., Gaillard, A. W. K., & van Dam, K. (2010). Hardiness and the response to stressful situations: Investigating mediating processes. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 386–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.002
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Desima, R. (2015). Tingkat Stres Kerja Perawat Dengan Perawat Caring Perawat. Ilmu Keperawatan, 4, 43–55. http://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/keperawatan/article/view/2380
Grandey, A. A., & Gabriel, A. S. (2015). Emotional Labor at a Crossroads: Where Do We Go from Here? Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2(January), 323–349. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111400
Guy, M. E., Newman, M. A., & Mastracci, S. H. (2014). Emotional Labor: Putting the Service in Public Service. M.E. Sharpe. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315704852
Hasbi, N. A., Fatmawati, & Alfira, N. (2019). Stres Kerja Perawat Diruang Rawat Inap Rsud H. a. Sulthan Daeng Radja Kabupaten Bulukumba. Jurnal Kesehatan Panrita Husada, 4(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.37362/jkph.v4i2.96
Hasibuan, N., Hartini, S., & Mirza, R. (2019). Emotional Labor Ditinjau Dari Kepribadian Big Five Pada Perawat Di Rumah Sakit Umum Sari Mutiara Medan. Jurnal Psikologi TALENTA, 4(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.26858/talenta.v4i2.7694
Hikmat, R., & Luthfiyani, Z. L. (2020). Hubungan Kematangan Emosi Dengan Kinerja Perawat Pelaksana Di Ruang Perawatan. Jurnal Kesehatan, 9(1), 1103–1110. https://doi.org/10.38165/jk.v9i1.79
Hikmawati, A. N., Maulana, N., & ... (2020). Beban Kerja Berhubungan dengan Stres Kerja Perawat. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Jiwa, 2(3), 95–102. http://jurnal.rs-amino.jatengprov.go.id/index.php/JIKJ/article/view/23
Hochschild, A. R. (2012). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of human feeling. In University of California Press. https://id1lib.org/book/2556995/dac649
Iqra, S., & Tahir, R. (2020). Analisis Beban Kerja Perawat Pelaksana di Ruang Rawat Inap di RSU Bahteramas Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang, 6(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.33490/jkm.v6i1.142
Jannah, M. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif Untuk Psikologi. Unesa University Press.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2017). InfoDATIN: Pusat Data Dan Informasi Kementerian Informasi RI. In Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI (pp. 1–12). http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin perawat 2017.pdf
Khairunnisa, F., Priyatama, A. N., & Satwika, P. A. (2018). The Relationship Between Hardiness and Emotional Intelligence with Job Satisfaction among Head Office Employees in PT. Nakamura Surakarta. Wacana, 10(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13057/wacana.v10i2.128
Khalil, A., Majid Khan, M., Ali Raza, M., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2017). Personality Traits, Burnout, and Emotional Labor Correlation among Teachers in Pakistan. Journal of Service Science and Management, 10(06), 482–496. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2017.106038
Kim, J. S. (2020). Emotional Labor Strategies, Stress, and Burnout Among Hospital Nurses: A Path Analysis. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12532
Kim, S., & Wang, J. (2018). The role of job demands–resources (JDR) between service workers’ emotional labor and burnout: New directions for labor policy at local government. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122894
Lai, M.-Y., Sun, L.-H., & Chu, H.-L. (2020). Emotional Labor and Service Sabotage in the Hospitality Industry: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 8(1), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.15640/jthm.v8n1a13
Lee, H. J. (2021). Relationship between Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction: Testing Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence on South Korean Public Service Employees. Public Organization Review, 21(2), 337–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-020-00490-5
Lim, H., & Song, E. J. (2020). Influences of Emotional Labor, Hardiness on Job Satisfaction of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Units. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial, 21(4), 65–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2020.21.4.65
Listiyono, R. A. (2015). Studi Deskriptif Tentang Kuaitas Pelayanan di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Kota Mojokerto Pasca Menjadi Rumah Sakit Tipe B. Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Manajemen Publik, 1(1), 2–7. http://journal.unair.ac.id/download-fullpapers-kmp1ad01a2a56full.pdf
Maddi, S. R. (2013). Hardiness: Turning Stressful Circumstances into Resilient Growth. In Springer Publishing Co. Springer Publishing Co. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5222-1
Mazzetti, G., Guglielmi, D., & Topa, G. (2020). Hard enough to manage my emotions: How hardiness moderates the relationship between emotional demands and exhaustion. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01194
Mazzetti, G., Simbula, S., Panari, C., Guglielmi, D., & Paolucci, A. (2019). “Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda”. Workers’ Proactivity in the Association between Emotional Demands and Mental Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 3309.
Nursalam, N. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan. Salimba Medika.
Palupi, F. R., & Prasetyo, A. R. (2019). Hubungan Antara Perceived Organizational Support Dengan Emotional Labor Pada Karyawan Dengan Jabatan Account Manager Di Pt. X Kota Jakarta. Empati, 7(4), 43–50.
Pradita, K. Z., Widodo, P., & Rusmawati, D. (2013). Hardiness Di Tempat Kerja Ditinjau Dari Dukungan Sosial Rekan Kerja Pada Guru SLB SE-Kota Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 2(3), 0–9. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/empati/article/view/7364
Ratnaningsih, I. Z. (2015). Manajemen Emosi Sesuai Tuntutan Kerja (Emotional Labor) Ditinjau Dari Tipe Kepribadian Pada Wiraniaga. Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 14(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.14.1.21-28
Riedl, E. M., & Thomas, J. (2019). The moderating role of work pressure on the relationships between emotional demands and tension, exhaustion, and work engagement: An experience sampling study among nurses. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(3), 414–429.
Riyanti, F. E., & Rahmandani, A. (2020). Hubungan Antara Hardiness Dengan Stres Kerja Pada Perawat Instalasi Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Banyumas. Empati, 8(3), 15–24.
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2023-04-22
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