Adaptasi Skala The Future-Oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) Versi Bahasa Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/JPPP.152.06Keywords:
adaptasi skala, Confirmatory factor analysis, future-oriented repetitive thought, Reliabilitas, ValiditasAbstract
Skala The Future-Oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) merupakan skala yang mengukur frekuensi individu dalam memikirkan masa depan secara repetitif melalui tiga aspek, yakni pessimistic repetitive future thinking, repetitive thinking about future goals, dan positive indulging about the future. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk adaptasi dan menguji validitas serta reliabilitas skala FoRT versi bahasa Indonesia pada sampel mahasiswa di Indonesia. Responden diperoleh melalui convenience sampling dengan jumlah total responden 422 mahasiswa yang terdiri dari usia 18 hingga 34 tahun. Keseluruhan proses adaptasi telah terstandar berdasarkan Internal Test Commission (ITC). Analisis validitas konstruk dilakukan melalui Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dengan model estimasi DWLS yang bertujuan untuk menguji kesesuaian model dengan data yang diperoleh setelah proses adaptasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan empat dari lima parameter indeks fit memenuhi standar (CFI=0.986, TLI= 0.981, SRMR= 0.069, RMSEA= 0.079, χ2/df=3.623). Uji reliabilitas melalui Cronbach’s Alpha menunjukkan nilai >0.70 pada seluruh item, menandakan bahwa item pada skala FoRT memiliki konsistensi internal yang baik dalam mengukur future repetitive thought. Selain itu nilai validitas konvergen ditinjau melalui Average Variance Extracted (AVE) juga memenuhi kriteria dengan seluruh item menunjukkan nilai >0.50. Secara keseluruhan skala FoRT menunjukkan hasil psikometri yang memadai sehingga dapat digunakan dalam penelitian di Indonesia
References
Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Cornette, M., Akhavan, S., & Chiara, A. (1998). Suicidality and cognitive vulnerability to depression among college students: A prospective study. Journal of Adolescence, 21(4), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1998.0167
Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012
Andersen, S. M., Spielman, L. A., & Bargh, J. A. (1992). Future-event schemas and certainty about the future: Automaticity in depressives’ future-event predictions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(5), 711–723. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.5.711
Bhale, U. A., & Bedi, H. S (2018). Sem model fit indices meaning and acceptance of model literature support.
Behar, E., McGowan, S. K., McLaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D., Goldwin, M., & Bjorkquist, O. (2012). Concreteness of positive, negative, and neutral repetitive thinking about the future. Behavior Therapy, 43(2), 300–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.07.002
Bell, I. H., Marx, W., Nguyen, K., Grace, S., Gleeson, J., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2023). The effect of psychological treatment on repetitive negative thinking in youth depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Psychological Medicine, 53(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722003373
Borkovec, T. D., Robinson, E., Pruzinsky, T., & DePree, J. A. (1983). Preliminary exploration of worry: Some characteristics and processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(83)90121-3
Borsa, J. C., Damásio, B. F., & Bandeira, D. R. (2012). Adaptação e validação de instrumentos psicológicos entre culturas: Algumas considerações. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 22(53), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-863x2012000300014
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling withamos: Basic concepts, applications, and programming, third edition. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757421
Casper, A., & Sonnentag, S. (2020). Feeling exhausted or vigorous in anticipation of high workload? The role of worry and planning during the evening. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(1), 215–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12290
Ehring, T., Zetsche, U., Weidacker, K., Wahl, K., Schönfeld, S., & Ehlers, A. (2011). The perseverative thinking questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(2), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.003
El Haj, M., Boudoukha, A. H., & Moustafa, A. A. (2021). Future-oriented repetitive thought: Pessimistic view of future in patients with alzheimer disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 34(3), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988720924723
Elsafir, A. M., & Salim, A. (2024). Pengaruh adversity quotient terhadap future anxiety pada mahasiswa. Prosiding Semnas Unisa Yogya X Ions 1(1)
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Golzar, J., Noor, S., & Tajik, O. (2022). Convenience sampling. International Journal of Education Language Studies, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.22034/ijels.2022.162981
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (Eighth edition). Cengage.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hanim, L. M., & Ahlas, S. (2020). Orientasi masa depan dankecemasan menghadapi dunia kerja pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 11(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.29080/jpp.v11i1.362
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Journal of Business Research Methods 6(1) https://doi.org/10.21427/D7CF7R
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Ikhwan. (2023). Validitas dan reliabilitas dalam pengajaran. Open Science Framework 1(1). https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/3ndbg
Internal test commission. (2017). The ITC guidelines for translating and adapting tests (second edition).PraqtiquesPsychologiques,27(3),175–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prps.2020.06.005
Joiner, T. E., & Rudd, M. D. (1996). Disentangling the interrelations between hopelessness, loneliness, and suicidal ideation. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 26(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1996.tb00253.x
Khairiyah, S., & Ningsih, Y. T. (2025). Kontrribusi keputusasaan (hopelessness) terhadap suicide ideation pada dewasa awal di sumatera barat. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 5(4), 4284–4299. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v5i4.20548
Kline, P. (1986). A handbook of test construction: Introduction to psychometric design (1. publ). Methuen.
Kumalasari, D., Azmi Luthfiyani, N., & Grasiawaty, N. (2020). Analisis faktor adaptasi instrumen resiliensi akademik versi indonesia: Pendekatan eksploratori dan konfirmatori. JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengukuran Psikologi, 9(2), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPPP.092.06
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Penn State Worry Questionnaire. American Psychological Association (APA). https://doi.org/10.1037/t01760-000
Miranda, R., & Mennin, D. S. (2007). Depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and certainty in pessimistic predictions about the future. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9063-4
Miranda, R., Wheeler, A., Polanco-Roman, L., & Marroquín, B. (2017). The future-oriented repetitive thought (FoRT) scale: A measure of repetitive thinking about the future. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 336–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.055
Mishra, M. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as an analytical technique to assess measurement error in survey research: A review. Paradigm: A Management Research Journal, 20(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971890716672933
Muthiah, R. Z., Saputri, V. D., Fatimatuzzahro, C., Utami, A. Z., Rejeki, D. S. S., & Wijayanti, P. M. (2024). Literature riview: Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat kecemasan pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Jurnal Medika Hutama.
Nabil, N. R. A., Wulandari, I., Yamtinah, S., Ariani, S. R. D., & Ulfa, M. (2022). Analisis indeks aiken untuk mengetahui validitas isi instrumen asesmen kompetensi minimum berbasis konteks sains kimia. Paedagogia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 25(2), 184-191.
Nathania, S., Audrella, N., Fanesah, F., D. Frans, N., & Markus Idulfilastri, R. (2025). Pengembangan alat ukur keputusasaan akademik berdasarkan beck hopelessness scale (BHS). PAEDAGOGY : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Psikologi, 5(1), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v5i1.5007
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (20). Psychometric theory (3. ed., [Nachdr.]). McGraw-Hill.
Palmieri, S., Mansueto, G., Scaini, S., Caselli, G., Sapuppo, W., Spada, M. M., Sassaroli, S., & Ruggiero, G. M. (2021). Repetitive Negative Thinking and Eating Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of the Role of Worry and Rumination. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(11), 2448. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112448
Priyono. (2008). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Zifatama Publishing
Rahi, S. (2017). Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms, sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 06(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2162-6359.1000403
Ramadhan, M. F., Siroj, R. A., & Afgani, M. W. (2024). Validitas and reliabilitas. Journal on Education, 6(2), 10967–10975. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.4885
Ramadhina, S., Stevani, H., Zahrina, H., Jauza, N. T., Rustamiza, S. F., Al-Mafruh, A. S., & Wardhani, A. K. (2024). Analisis keputusasaan mahasiswa semester akhir dalam mengerjakan skripsi. Jurnal Mahasiswa BK An-Nur : Berbeda, Bermakna, Mulia, 10(2), 30. https://doi.org/10.31602/jmbkan.v10i2.13686
Ramadhina, V. H., & Sosialita, T. D. (2022). Hubungan antara self-compassion dengan hopelessness pada mahasiswa di masa emerging adulthood. Buletin Riset Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1–12.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23–74.
Sianturi, R. (2025). Uji normalitas sebagai syarat pengujian hipotesis. Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Matematika Sigma (Jpms), 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.36987/jpms.v11i1.7091
Suwartono, C., & Moningka, C. (2017). Pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas skala identitas sosial. Humanitas, 14(2), 176. https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v14i2.6967
Tasya, D. A., Zapitri, E., Ramadhani, I., Sulthanah, N., Maidy, R. N. P., & Diniati, S. (2025). Statistik deskriptif ukuran keruncingan data. Pediaqu : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Humaniora, 4.
Thorndike, R. M. (1995). Book review: Psychometric theory (3rd ed.) by Jum Nunnally and Ira Bernstein New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994, xxiv + 752 pp. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19(3), 303–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662169501900308
Utami, L., Festiyed, Dian Purnama Ilahi, Arista Ratih, Elvi Yenti, & Lazulva. (2024). Analisis indeks aiken untuk mengetahui validitas isi instrumen scientific habbits of mind. Journal of Research and Education Chemistry, 6(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.25299/jrec.2024.vol6(1).17430
Watkins, E. R. Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological bulletin, 134(2), 163-206. https://DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163
West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. H. Hoyle (ed.) Sage Publications, Inc.
Wicaksono, A., Gibran, A. F., Irmansyah, D., & Aji, H. (2021). Ukuran penyebaran data (kemiringan dan keruncingan). Jurnal Ukuran Penyebaran Data (Kemiringan & Keruncingan). 1(1). 1-6
World health organization. (2025, september 8). Anxiety disorder [Dataset].https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders?
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Taurizka Maylanie Michelle Lio, Tri Muji Ingarianti, Silfiasari

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.




