THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE, TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT, AND RESOURCE AVAILABILITY ON EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION WITH JOB SATISFACTION AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AS INTERVENING VARIABLES

(A CASE STUDY OF EMPLOYEES AT PT. EIGERINDO MULTI PRODUK INDUSTRI MALANG)

Authors

  • Witjaksono Universitas Negeri Malang
  • Arief Noviarakhman Zagladi
  • Sopiah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21009/JRMSI.017.1.7

Keywords:

Workplace Incivility, Perceived Supervisor Support, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Identification, Employee Performance

Abstract

This study examines the influence of transformational leadership style, training and development, and resource availability on employee creativity and innovation, with job satisfaction and critical thinking skills as intervening variables. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from employees of PT. Eigerindo Multi Produk Industri Malang through structured questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the SmartPLS method to evaluate the relationships among variables. The results indicate that transformational leadership significantly enhances creativity and innovation by fostering a supportive work environment. Training programs focusing on the development of technical and critical thinking skills also have a strong impact on employees' ability to generate innovative solutions. Resource availability, including financial support, time, and technology, plays a crucial role in facilitating creative processes and the implementation of innovations. Job satisfaction emerges as an important mediator, strengthening the influence of leadership and training on innovation. Similarly, critical thinking skills mediate the relationship between training and creativity, empowering employees to evaluate and develop ideas effectively. This study contributes theoretically by extending transformational leadership theory, learning theory, and the resource-based view within the context of organizational innovation. Practically, it highlights the importance of organizations integrating leadership development, training programs, and resource management strategies to foster a culture of innovation.

References

Ahmed, F., Khokhar, M. N., & X., W. (2022). Leadership Styles and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(5), 372–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-12-2021-0745

Ali, A., Ahmad, R., & Hussain, R. (2021). Resource Availability and Its Impact on Employee Innovation: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. 3(6), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2021.01.003

Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity and Innovation in Organizations. 5(74), 77–92.

Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001

Anom, S. P., & Gustomo, A. (2023). The role of employee innovative work behavior in mediating the effect of transformational leadership on improving employee performance. Journal of World Science, 2(1), 1443–1461. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i1.213

Bakker, A. B., & Albrecht, S. (2018). Work engagement: Current trends. Career Development International, 23(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2017–0207.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. Free Press.

Chin, W. W. (1998). Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 22(1), vii–xvi. https://doi.org/10.2307/249674

Choudhary, A. I., Kamal, M. A., & Zaman, K. (2022). Leadership Styles and Innovation in The Workplace: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement. 10(33), 1985–2004. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2022.2020771

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley.

Facione, P. A. (2015). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight Assessment. https://www.insightassessment.com/article/critical-thinking-what-it-is-and-why-it-counts

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.

García-Morales, V. J., Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L. (2018). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), 1040–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.002

Grant, A. M. (2007). Leading With Meaning: Beneficiary Contact, Prosocial Impact, and The Motivation To Lead. 1(103), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.11.003

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.

Hao, S. (2024). Leadership style, employee job satisfaction, and organizational culture: Basis for employee innovation behavior framework. International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 12(2), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2024.1025

He, V. F., & Bonifacio, G. D. (2024). The impact of transformational leadership on employee creativity and organizational innovation: The moderating effect to intrinsic motivation. Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.54097/ggnw7488

Hu, Y., & Wang, X. (2020). The Influence Of Leadership On Innovation: A Meta-Analysis. 2(24), 2050031. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919620500315

Jo, H. Y., S., A., H.-H., H., & Guest, D. E. (2019). Fostering mutual gains: Explaining the influence of high-performance work systems and leadership on psychological health and service performance. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12284

Julienti Abu Bakar, L., & Ahmad, H. (2010). Assessing the relationship between firm resources and product innovation performance: A resource-based view. Business Process Management Journal, 16(3), 420–435. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637151011049430

Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.

Krause, D. R. (2015). Influences on Creativity: A Review of The Research Literature. 4(27), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2015.1089772

Lee, J., Hong, Y., & Avgar, A. (2019). Satisfaction and Creativity: Examining The Relationship Through a Multi-Level Framework. 151, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.12.001

Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2019). Practical Research: Planning and Design (12th ed.). Pearson.

Li, Y., Wu, Q., & Xu, L. (2019). Training and Development, Employee Creativity and Organizational Performance: The Role of Job Satisfaction. 5(43), 422–435. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-11-2018-0106

Locke, E. A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Rand McNally.

Lukovszki, L., Rideg, A., & Sipos, N. (2021). Resource-based view of innovation activity in SMEs: An empirical analysis based on the global competitiveness project. Competitiveness Review, 31(3), 513–541. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-01-2020-0018

Mohamad, M., Rahman, M. S. A., & Abdullah, M. A. (2020). Critical Thinking Skills and Their Impact on Innovation in Organizations: A Review. 6(15), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n6p32

Nguyen, M., Sharma, P., & Malik, A. (2023). Leadership styles and employee creativity: The interactive impact of online knowledge sharing and organizational innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(3), 631–650. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-01-2023-0014

Noe, R. A. (2017). Employee Training and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.

Noe, R. A., & Kodwani, A. D. (2018). Employee training and development (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2016). Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life (3rd ed.). Pearson.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2016). Recommendations for creating better concept definitions in the organizational, behavioral, and social sciences. Organizational Research Methods, 19(2), 159–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115624965

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. Guilford Publications.

Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kraiger, K., & Smith-Jentsch, K. A. (2017). The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(2), 74–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612436661

Shalley, C. E., & Gilson, L. L. (2017). Creativity and the management of technology: Balancing creativity and standardization In The Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. Oxford University Press.

Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Syed, F., & Hossain, M. (2021). Critical Thinking Skills and Employee Creativity: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. 1(33), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-01-2020-0006

Tsai, C. Y., & Tseng, W. C. (2020). The impact of organizational culture on training effectiveness and employee creativity. Journal of Business Research, 109, 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.066

Van Knippenberg, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2018). Leadership and Power in Organizations: Relationships and Contexts. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Psychology, 2, 297–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199928309.013.0012

Waqas, M., Li, C., & Ullah, M. F. (2021). Job Satisfaction and Employee Innovation: The Mediating Role of Leadership Styles. 5(42), 735–752. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2020-0401

Zain, S., Ramli, N. S. F., & Mamat, M. (2021). The Impact of Training on Employee Job Satisfaction and Performance. 1(9), 23–31.

Zhang, X., Liu, X., Xu, B., & Wang, J. (2020). How transformational leadership promotes employee creativity: The mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role of knowledge sharing. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(68). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00068

Zhang, Y., Li, J., & Sun, C. (2022). The Impact of Organizational Resources on Employee Innovation: A Multi-Dimensional Approach. 5(60), 1215–1230. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2020-0448

Zhang, Y., & Zhou, L. (2014). The Impact of Leadership Styles on Creativity: The Role of Organizational Culture. 3(7), 77–87.

Downloads

Published

2026-04-08

How to Cite

Witjaksono, Arief Noviarakhman Zagladi, & Sopiah. (2026). THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE, TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT, AND RESOURCE AVAILABILITY ON EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION WITH JOB SATISFACTION AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AS INTERVENING VARIABLES : (A CASE STUDY OF EMPLOYEES AT PT. EIGERINDO MULTI PRODUK INDUSTRI MALANG). JRMSI - Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia, 17(1), 104–120. https://doi.org/10.21009/JRMSI.017.1.7