Greenwashing dalam Pengungkapan ESG: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis Melalui Analisis Teoretis dan Bibliometrik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/wahana.20.0212Kata Kunci:
Greenwashing dalam Pengkungkapan ESG, Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis, Analisis Bibliometrik, Teori Legitimasi, Teori Pemangku KepentinganAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji praktik greenwashing dalam pengungkapan Environmental, Social, dan Governance (ESG) melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang dipadukan dengan analisis teoretis dan bibliometrik, dengan memanfaatkan artikel jurnal terindeks scopus tahun 2019-2025, didukung oleh platform Watase Uake Tools untuk memastikan seleksi dan visualisasi kata kunci artikel terstruktur dan relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa praktik greenwashing cenderung muncul ketika perusahaan menghadapi tekanan legitimasi dan ekspektasi pemangku kepentingan yang tinggi, sementara kapasitas internal dan tata kelola belum mampu mendukung praktik keberlanjutan secara substantif. Manipulasi narasi laporan, rendahnya keterbacaan laporan, serta ketidakseragamnya standar pelaporan ESG turut memperluas ruang misinformasi. Temuan menunjukkan penguatan regulasi, pemanfaatan teknologi pendeteksi misinformasi seperti kecerdasan buatan (AI), serta penguatan tata kelola sebagai strategi memitigasi greenwashing. Pemetaan bibliometrik menunjukkan bahwa riset terkait greenwashing dalam pengungkapan ESG umumnya berfokus pada isu regulasi, transparansi, tata kelola, dan kualitas pelaporan, sementara metodologi SLR dan analisis bibliometrik masih terbatas. Studi ini menawarkan kebaruan dengan menggabungkan analisis SLR dengan bibliometrik serta mengintegrasikan legitimacy theory dan stakeholder theory untuk memberikan pemahaman lebih komprehensif mengenai akar persoalan dan arah pengembangan riset di masa mendatang.
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