DETECTING HOAX NEWS ON SOCIAL MEDIA THROUGH PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/ishel.v1i1.56469Abstract
The phenomenon of hoax dissemination on social media has continued to increase along with the ease of information access in the digital era. Hoaxes are not only conveyed through explicit claims but also through implicit linguistic strategies, making them difficult to detect at first glance. This study aims to identify and analyze patterns of presupposition and implicature used in the construction of hoaxes, particularly on vaccine-related issues widely circulated on social media. This research employs a qualitative approach with a pragmatic analysis method. Data were obtained from the official website of the Ministry of Communication and Information (www.komdigi.go.id) using the criterion of hoaxes containing the keyword “vaccine.” The analysis focused on two aspects: (1) conversational implicature by identifying violations of Grice’s maxims, and (2) presuppositions, including existential, factive, structural, and lexical types. The results reveal that violations of the maxim of quality dominate the implicature patterns, followed by the maxims of relevance, quantity, and manner. These violations generate implicatures in the form of insinuations, emotional provocations, and conspiratorial narratives that influence readers’ perceptions. Regarding presuppositions, existential and factive types are most frequently employed to create a pseudo-reality and convey a sense of truth, while structural and lexical types are used to reinforce manipulative meanings through rhetorical questions and the use of scientific terminology. These findings demonstrate that hoaxes are a linguistic phenomenon that employs pragmatic strategies to construct implied meanings.
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