UNMASKING SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE IN ONLINE GAMING: MAPPING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOXIC LANGUAGE AND CRITICAL MEDIA LITERACY THROUGH A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This study examines how toxic language in online gaming functions as a form of symbolic violence and explores the role of critical media literacy as a strategy to address its social and linguistic impacts. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to identify, screen, and synthesize empirical studies published between 2020 and 2026 from Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC. The review shows that toxic language extends beyond individual misconduct and operates as a socially constructed discursive practice that reinforces power relations, normalizes exclusion, and marginalizes individuals based on intersecting social identities. The main contribution of this study is the development of an integrated theoretical framework that connects Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence and Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis with critical media literacy. Unlike previous studies that primarily emphasize technological interventions, such as algorithmic moderation or screen-time restrictions, this review highlights the importance of fostering critical linguistic awareness and reflective digital engagement. The findings contribute to the fields of Applied Linguistics and digital sociology by offering a conceptual foundation that can inform educational practices, community-based initiatives, and policy development aimed at promoting more inclusive and equitable communication in online gaming environments.