The Effect of Student Engagement on Boarding School Students' Online Learning Achievement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v25i2.28316Keywords:
student engagement, online learning, boarding school studentAbstract
Boarding school students must participate in online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Student engagement is an important aspect that must be considered in online learning. This study aims to determine: (1) the level of student engagement of boarding school students, (2) to investigate the effect of simultaneous behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, and cognitive engagement on learning achievement, and (3) to determine the relationship between behavioral, emotional and cognitive engagement with learning achievement, (4) to measure the relative and effective contribution of behavioral, emotional and cognitive engagement on learning achievement. This research is quantitative research with an ex post facto type. 182 boarding school students participated in this study. The data collection instrument used is the engagement scale from Fredricks & McCloskey. Data processing using descriptive and inferential statistics. The inferential test used is multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation. This study’s results indicate a significant influence between behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement on the learning achievement. The influence of these three variables on learning achievement is 46.7%. While the results of the correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement in learning achievement.
References
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Ali, I., Narayan, A. K., & Sharma, U. (2021). Adapting to COVID-19 disruptions: student engagement in online learning of accounting. Accounting Research Journal, 34(3), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-09-2020-0293
Bedenlier, S., Bond, M., Buntins, K., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Facilitating student engagement through educational technology in higher education: A systematic review in the field of arts and humanities. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(4), 126–150. https://doi.org/10.14742/AJET.5477
Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: a systematic evidence map. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8
Butz, N. T., & Stupnisky, R. H. (2016). A mixed methods study of graduate students’ self-determined motivation in synchronous hybrid learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 28, 85–95.
Casuso-Holgado, M. J., Cuesta-Vargas, A. I., Moreno-Morales, N., Labajos-Manzanares, M. T., Barón-López, F. J., & Vega-Cuesta, M. (2013). The association between academic engagement and achievement in health sciences students. BMC Medical Education, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-33
Collaço, C. M. (2017). Increasing Student Engagement in Higher Education. Journal Of Higher Education Theory And Practice, 17(4), 40–47. http://www.na-businesspress.com/JHETP/CollacoCM_abstract.html
de Barba, P. G., Kennedy, G. E., & Ainley, M. D. (2016). The role of students’ motivation and participation in predicting performance in a MOOC. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 32(3), 218–231.
Delfino, A. P. (2019). Student engagement and academic performance of students of Partido State University. Asian Journal of University Education, 15(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v15i3.05
Dembereldorj, Z. (2021). Exploring Online Student Engagement During COVID-19 Pandemic in Mongolia. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(7), 10. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n7p10
Deschaine, M. E., & Whale, D. E. (2017). Increasing Student Engagement in Online Educational Leadership Courses. Journal of Educators Online, 14(1), 113–120. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1133612
Dragseth, M. R. (2020). Building Student Engagement Through Social Media. Journal of Political Science Education, 16(2), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2018.1550421
Dumford, A. D., & Miller, A. L. (2018). Online learning in higher education: exploring advantages and disadvantages for engagement. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30(3), 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9179-z
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
Fredricks, J. A., & McColskey, W. (2012). The Measurement of Student Engagement: A Comparative Analysis of Various Methods and Student Self-report Instruments BT - Handbook of Research on Student Engagement (S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie (eds.); pp. 763–782). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_37
Gardner, C., Jones, A., & Jefferi, H. (2020). Analytics for tracking student engagement. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2020(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.590
Glapaththi, I., Dissanayake, R., Welgama, T., Somachandara, U., Weerarathna, R. S., & Pathirana, G. Y. (2019). A Study on the Relationship between Student Engagement and Their Academic Achievements. Asian Social Science, 15(11), 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n11p1
Gunuc, S. (2014). The relationshio between Student Engagement snd thier Academic Achievment. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, October, 19–1309. www.ijonte.org
Hajedris, N. D. A. O. (2022). Effect of the Sudden Shift to E-Learning during COVID 19 Pandemic on Student Engagement. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research And Allied Sciences, 10(4), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.51847/lhkp2cx1cf
Henrie, C. R., Bodily, R., Larsen, R., & Graham, C. R. (2018). Exploring the potential of LMS log data as a proxy measure of student engagement. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30(2), 344–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-017-9161-1
Huang, Y., & Wang, S. (2023). How to motivate student engagement in emergency online learning? Evidence from the COVID-19 situation. Higher Education, 85(5), 1101–1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00880-2
Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 758–773.
Lee, J. S. (2014). The relationship between student engagement and academic performance: Is it a myth or reality? Journal of Educational Research, 107(3), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2013.807491
Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W. (2018). Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(3), 517-528(12). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7054
Lu, H. (2020). Online Learning: The Meanings of Student Engagement. Education Journal, 9(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20200903.13
Martin, F., & Bolliger, D. U. (2018). Engagement matters: Student perceptions on the importance of engagement strategies in the online learning environment. Online Learning Journal, 22(1), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i1.1092
Moubayed, A., Injadat, M., Shami, A., & Lutfiyya, H. (2020). Student Engagement Level in an e-Learning Environment: Clustering Using K-means. American Journal of Distance Education, 34(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2020.1696140
Munnr, A., Yunusa, A., Jacob, A., & Itse, D. (2017). Students’ Engagement in Relationship To Academic Performance. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 8(1), 5–9.
Omika, H. A. (2022). The Effect of Math Anxiety on Boarding School Students’ Mathematics Learning Outcomes during Online Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 55(3).
Payne, L. (2019). Student engagement: three models for its investigation. In Journal of Further and Higher Education (Vol. 43, Issue 5, pp. 641–657). https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1391186
Peng, W. (2017). Research on model of student engagement in online learning. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 2869–2882. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00723a
Perry, A. M. (2022). Student Engagement, No Learning without It. Creative Education, 13(04), 1312–1326. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.134079
Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983481
Rajabalee, B. Y., Santally, M. I., & Rennie, F. (2020). A study of the relationship between students’ engagement and their academic performances in an eLearning environment. E-Learning and Digital Media, 17(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753019882567
Ribeiro, L., Rosário, P., Núñez, J. C., Gaeta, M., & Fuentes, S. (2019). First-Year Students Background and Academic Achievement: The Mediating Role of Student Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(December). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02669
S. Senthil, V., K., A., G.R.K., M., & D.M., C. (2021). Student Engagement and Learning Effectiveness during Pre-COVID and COVID Periode. Journal of Global Communication, 14(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/https://indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jgc&volume=14&issue=1&article=004
Schindler, L. A., Burkholder, G. J., Morad, O. A., & Marsh, C. (2017). Computer-based technology and student engagement: a critical review of the literature. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0063-0
Shah, M., & Cheng, M. (2019). Exploring factors impacting student engagement in open access courses. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 34(2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2018.1508337
Suárez-Orozco, C., Pimentel, A., & Martin, M. (2009). The significance of relationships: Academic engagement and achievement among newcomer immigrant youth. Teachers College Record, 111(3), 712–749.
Sugden, N., Brunton, R., MacDonald, J. B., Yeo, M., & Hicks, B. (2021). Evaluating Student Engagement and Deep Learning in Interactive Online Psychology Learning Activities. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 37(2), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.14742/AJET.6632
T Baloran, E., T Hernan, J., & S Taoy, J. (2021). Course Satisfaction and Student Engagement in Online Learning Amid Covid-19 Pandemic : A Structural Equation Model. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 22(October), 1–12.
Teng, Y., & Wang, X. (2021). The effect of two educational technology tools on student engagement in Chinese EFL courses. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00263-0
Virtanen, T. E., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Poikkeus, A.-M., & Kuorelahti, M. (2018). Student Engagement and School Burnout in Finnish Lower-Secondary Schools: Latent Profile Analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(4), 519–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2016.1258669
Whiting, A. (2022). Investigating the Impact on Student Engagement from Converting Face-to-Face Classes to Online in Response to Covid-19 Investigating the Impact on Student Engagement from Converting Face-to-Face Classes to Online in Response to Covid-19. Atlantic Marketing Journal, 11(1). https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/amj/vol11/iss1/9
Wilson, D., Wright, J., & Summers, L. (2021). Mapping Patterns of Student Engagement Using Cluster Analysis. Journal for STEM Education Research, 4(2), 217–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-021-00049-z
Wonglorsaichon, B., Wongwanich, S., & Wiratchai, N. (2014). The Influence of Students School Engagement on Learning Achievement: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1748–1755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.467
Zapata-Cuervo, N., Montes-Guerra, M. I., Shin, H. H., Jeong, M., & Cho, M.-H. (2023). Students’ psychological perceptions toward online learning engagement and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative analysis of students in three different countries. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 35(2), 108–122.
Zhe (Victor), Z. (2017). Student engagement with computer-generated feedback: a case study. ELT Journal, 71(3), 317–328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccw089
Ali, I., Narayan, A. K., & Sharma, U. (2021). Adapting to COVID-19 disruptions: student engagement in online learning of accounting. Accounting Research Journal, 34(3), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-09-2020-0293
Bedenlier, S., Bond, M., Buntins, K., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Facilitating student engagement through educational technology in higher education: A systematic review in the field of arts and humanities. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(4), 126–150. https://doi.org/10.14742/AJET.5477
Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: a systematic evidence map. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0176-8
Butz, N. T., & Stupnisky, R. H. (2016). A mixed methods study of graduate students’ self-determined motivation in synchronous hybrid learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 28, 85–95.
Casuso-Holgado, M. J., Cuesta-Vargas, A. I., Moreno-Morales, N., Labajos-Manzanares, M. T., Barón-López, F. J., & Vega-Cuesta, M. (2013). The association between academic engagement and achievement in health sciences students. BMC Medical Education, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-33
Collaço, C. M. (2017). Increasing Student Engagement in Higher Education. Journal Of Higher Education Theory And Practice, 17(4), 40–47. http://www.na-businesspress.com/JHETP/CollacoCM_abstract.html
de Barba, P. G., Kennedy, G. E., & Ainley, M. D. (2016). The role of students’ motivation and participation in predicting performance in a MOOC. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 32(3), 218–231.
Delfino, A. P. (2019). Student engagement and academic performance of students of Partido State University. Asian Journal of University Education, 15(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v15i3.05
Dembereldorj, Z. (2021). Exploring Online Student Engagement During COVID-19 Pandemic in Mongolia. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(7), 10. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n7p10
Deschaine, M. E., & Whale, D. E. (2017). Increasing Student Engagement in Online Educational Leadership Courses. Journal of Educators Online, 14(1), 113–120. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1133612
Dragseth, M. R. (2020). Building Student Engagement Through Social Media. Journal of Political Science Education, 16(2), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2018.1550421
Dumford, A. D., & Miller, A. L. (2018). Online learning in higher education: exploring advantages and disadvantages for engagement. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30(3), 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9179-z
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
Fredricks, J. A., & McColskey, W. (2012). The Measurement of Student Engagement: A Comparative Analysis of Various Methods and Student Self-report Instruments BT - Handbook of Research on Student Engagement (S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie (eds.); pp. 763–782). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_37
Gardner, C., Jones, A., & Jefferi, H. (2020). Analytics for tracking student engagement. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2020(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.590
Glapaththi, I., Dissanayake, R., Welgama, T., Somachandara, U., Weerarathna, R. S., & Pathirana, G. Y. (2019). A Study on the Relationship between Student Engagement and Their Academic Achievements. Asian Social Science, 15(11), 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n11p1
Gunuc, S. (2014). The relationshio between Student Engagement snd thier Academic Achievment. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, October, 19–1309. www.ijonte.org
Hajedris, N. D. A. O. (2022). Effect of the Sudden Shift to E-Learning during COVID 19 Pandemic on Student Engagement. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research And Allied Sciences, 10(4), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.51847/lhkp2cx1cf
Henrie, C. R., Bodily, R., Larsen, R., & Graham, C. R. (2018). Exploring the potential of LMS log data as a proxy measure of student engagement. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30(2), 344–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-017-9161-1
Huang, Y., & Wang, S. (2023). How to motivate student engagement in emergency online learning? Evidence from the COVID-19 situation. Higher Education, 85(5), 1101–1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00880-2
Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 758–773.
Lee, J. S. (2014). The relationship between student engagement and academic performance: Is it a myth or reality? Journal of Educational Research, 107(3), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2013.807491
Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W. (2018). Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(3), 517-528(12). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7054
Lu, H. (2020). Online Learning: The Meanings of Student Engagement. Education Journal, 9(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20200903.13
Martin, F., & Bolliger, D. U. (2018). Engagement matters: Student perceptions on the importance of engagement strategies in the online learning environment. Online Learning Journal, 22(1), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i1.1092
Moubayed, A., Injadat, M., Shami, A., & Lutfiyya, H. (2020). Student Engagement Level in an e-Learning Environment: Clustering Using K-means. American Journal of Distance Education, 34(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2020.1696140
Munnr, A., Yunusa, A., Jacob, A., & Itse, D. (2017). Students’ Engagement in Relationship To Academic Performance. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 8(1), 5–9.
Omika, H. A. (2022). The Effect of Math Anxiety on Boarding School Students’ Mathematics Learning Outcomes during Online Learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 55(3).
Payne, L. (2019). Student engagement: three models for its investigation. In Journal of Further and Higher Education (Vol. 43, Issue 5, pp. 641–657). https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1391186
Peng, W. (2017). Research on model of student engagement in online learning. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 2869–2882. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00723a
Perry, A. M. (2022). Student Engagement, No Learning without It. Creative Education, 13(04), 1312–1326. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.134079
Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983481
Rajabalee, B. Y., Santally, M. I., & Rennie, F. (2020). A study of the relationship between students’ engagement and their academic performances in an eLearning environment. E-Learning and Digital Media, 17(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753019882567
Ribeiro, L., Rosário, P., Núñez, J. C., Gaeta, M., & Fuentes, S. (2019). First-Year Students Background and Academic Achievement: The Mediating Role of Student Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(December). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02669
S. Senthil, V., K., A., G.R.K., M., & D.M., C. (2021). Student Engagement and Learning Effectiveness during Pre-COVID and COVID Periode. Journal of Global Communication, 14(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/https://indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jgc&volume=14&issue=1&article=004
Schindler, L. A., Burkholder, G. J., Morad, O. A., & Marsh, C. (2017). Computer-based technology and student engagement: a critical review of the literature. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0063-0
Shah, M., & Cheng, M. (2019). Exploring factors impacting student engagement in open access courses. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 34(2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2018.1508337
Suárez-Orozco, C., Pimentel, A., & Martin, M. (2009). The significance of relationships: Academic engagement and achievement among newcomer immigrant youth. Teachers College Record, 111(3), 712–749.
Sugden, N., Brunton, R., MacDonald, J. B., Yeo, M., & Hicks, B. (2021). Evaluating Student Engagement and Deep Learning in Interactive Online Psychology Learning Activities. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 37(2), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.14742/AJET.6632
T Baloran, E., T Hernan, J., & S Taoy, J. (2021). Course Satisfaction and Student Engagement in Online Learning Amid Covid-19 Pandemic : A Structural Equation Model. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 22(October), 1–12.
Teng, Y., & Wang, X. (2021). The effect of two educational technology tools on student engagement in Chinese EFL courses. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00263-0
Virtanen, T. E., Lerkkanen, M.-K., Poikkeus, A.-M., & Kuorelahti, M. (2018). Student Engagement and School Burnout in Finnish Lower-Secondary Schools: Latent Profile Analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 62(4), 519–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2016.1258669
Whiting, A. (2022). Investigating the Impact on Student Engagement from Converting Face-to-Face Classes to Online in Response to Covid-19 Investigating the Impact on Student Engagement from Converting Face-to-Face Classes to Online in Response to Covid-19. Atlantic Marketing Journal, 11(1). https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/amj/vol11/iss1/9
Wilson, D., Wright, J., & Summers, L. (2021). Mapping Patterns of Student Engagement Using Cluster Analysis. Journal for STEM Education Research, 4(2), 217–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-021-00049-z
Wonglorsaichon, B., Wongwanich, S., & Wiratchai, N. (2014). The Influence of Students School Engagement on Learning Achievement: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 1748–1755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.467
Zapata-Cuervo, N., Montes-Guerra, M. I., Shin, H. H., Jeong, M., & Cho, M.-H. (2023). Students’ psychological perceptions toward online learning engagement and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative analysis of students in three different countries. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 35(2), 108–122.
Zhe (Victor), Z. (2017). Student engagement with computer-generated feedback: a case study. ELT Journal, 71(3), 317–328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccw089
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2023-08-30
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Mulyadi, & Omika, H. A. (2023). The Effect of Student Engagement on Boarding School Students’ Online Learning Achievement. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 25(2), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v25i2.28316
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