Digital Transformation Capability and School Agility toward Educational Quality: The Mediating Role of Organizational Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v28i2.71514Keywords:
Digital Transformations Capabilities, School Agility, Organizational Learning, Educational Quality, Vocational High SchoolsAbstract
Digital transformation has become a strategic imperative for vocational schools seeking to improve educational quality in an increasingly dynamic and technology-driven environment. However, empirical evidence regarding the interplay between Digital Transformation Capability (DTC), School Agility (SA), Organizational Learning (OL), and Educational Quality (EQ) remains limited, particularly in the context of vocational education. This study investigates the direct effects of DTC and SA on EQ and examines the mediating role of OL. A quantitative approach employing an explanatory research design was adopted. Data were collected from 200 teachers of vocational high schools (SMK) in Serang City, Indonesia, and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, with all 40 indicators meeting the recommended thresholds for convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. Furthermore, the structural model exhibited a high level of overall model adequacy, as indicated by a high Goodness-of-Fit (GoF) index and an excellent Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR), confirming an excellent model fit. The structural model results revealed that School Agility exerted the strongest influence on Organizational Learning, while Digital Transformation Capability emerged as the most influential determinant of Educational Quality. All direct hypotheses were found to be positive and statistically significant. However, the indirect effect analysis revealed that Organizational Learning did not mediate the relationship between Digital Transformation Capability and Educational Quality. These findings suggest that digital transformation capabilities contribute directly to educational quality rather than through organizational learning processes, whereas school agility primarily enhances organizational learning within vocational schools. This study contributes to the digital transformation and educational management literature by providing empirical evidence on the distinct roles of digital capability, organizational agility, and organizational learning in improving educational quality and offers practical implications for school leaders and policymakers in accelerating sustainable educational transformation.
References
Abbasi, S. G., Abbas, M., & Ilyas, M. A. (2024). Enhancing organizational learning capabilities through digital transformation: Role of perceived organizational support and knowledge oriented leadership. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 18(3), 703–728. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/305451
Afrianty, T. W., Raharjo, K., Prakasa, Y., Abimanyu, A., & Burgess, J. (2026). Internal and external factors enhancing knowledge acquisition and digital literacy for digital business transformation: Evidence from small businesses in Indonesia. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 13, 102851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102851
Aponte-Lopez, A. C., Trujillo-Gallego, M., & Rincon-Guio, C. (2026). From local capabilities to global innovation: The role of strategic agility in higher education. Research in Globalization, 12, Article 100352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2026.100352
Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1978). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Addison-Wesley.
Asghar, J., Kanbach, D. K., & Kraus, S. (2026). Toward a multidimensional concept of organizational agility: A systematic literature review. Management Review Quarterly, 76(1), 885–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-025-00497-6
Baiyere, A., Salmela, H., Nieminen, H., & Kankainen, T. (2025). Assessing digital capabilities for digital transformation—The MIND framework. Information Systems Journal, 35(1), 6–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12519
Batool, N., & Saeed, M. (2025). Impact of organizational learning culture on school improvement at secondary level. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 9(1), 753–766. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2025(9-I)57
Boerma, S., de Laat, M., & Vermeulen, M. (2025). The relationship between organisational agility and informal learning. Management Review Quarterly, 75, 3327–3356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-024-00460-x
Chahal, H., & Gupta, A. (2024). Mediating role of capabilities in organisational agility-performance relationship in J&K, India. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(7), 1862–1883. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2023-0397
Consoli, T., Schmitz, M.-L., Antonietti, C., Gonon, P., Cattaneo, A., & Petko, D. (2025). Quality of technology integration matters: Positive associations with students’ behavioral engagement and digital competencies for learning. Education and Information Technologies, 30, 7719–7752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13118-8
Dubey, R., Bryde, D. J., Foropon, C., Graham, G., Giannakis, M., & Mishra, D. B. (2022). Agility in humanitarian supply chain: An organizational information processing perspective and relational view. Annals of Operations Research, 319(1), 559–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03824-0
Ertsås, T. I., & Irgens, E. J. (2023). Developing organizational knowledge in schools: The role of theory and theorizing in collective capacity building. Journal of Educational Change, 24(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-021-09433-3
Felipe, C. M., Leidner, D. E., Roldán, J. L., & Leal-Rodríguez, A. L. (2020). Impact of IS capabilities on firm performance: The roles of organizational agility and industry technology intensity. Decision Sciences, 51(3), 575–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12379
Garipağaoğlu, B. Ç. (2025). Achieving organisational agility in K-12 schools through school mindfulness: The role of school social capital as a mediator. European Journal of Education, 60(3), e70170. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70170
Gong, C., & Ribiere, V. (2025). Organizational agility unleashed: Tapping intellectual capital for digital transformation effectiveness. Technovation, 147, Article 103310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2025.103310
Hair, J. F., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), Article 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage.
Halfon, E. (2026). Reconceptualizing quality teaching: Insights based on a systematic literature review. Education Sciences, 16(1), Article 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16010037
Hanson, J. L., Niqab, M., & Bangert, A. (2021). Determination and validation of the organizational learning capabilities scale in a new context of educational institutes in Pakistan. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 8(2), 270–295. https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v8i2.408
Jubaidi, A., & Rahmawati, T. (2025). The significance of school digitalization in elementary education: Empirical evidence from regression analysis. Journal of Education and Teaching (JET), 6(1), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.51454/jet.v6i1.500
Kölemen, C. Ş. (2024). Digital transformation in education: Multidimensional effects of artificial intelligence supported learning management systems. Participatory Educational Research, 11(5), 102–124. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.66.11.5
Konopik, J., Jahn, C., Schuster, T., Hoßbach, N., & Pflaum, A. (2022). Mastering the digital transformation through organizational capabilities: A conceptual framework. Digital Business, 2(1), Article 100019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100019
Lameiro, M. (2025). Digital transformation and organizational learning: Strategies for success in a dynamic environment. International Journal of Strategy and Organisational Learning, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.56830/IJSOL12202501
McCarthy, A. M., Maor, D., McConney, A., & Cavanaugh, C. (2023). Digital transformation in education: Critical components for leaders of system change. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8, Article 100479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100479
Nguyen, T., Le, C. V., Nguyen, M., Nguyen, G., Lien, T. T. H., & Nguyen, O. (2025). The organisational impact of agility: A systematic literature review. Management Review Quarterly, 75, 2709–2757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-024-00446-9
OECD. (2019). Education at a glance 2019: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/f8d7880d-en
OECD. (2024a). OECD Economic Surveys: Indonesia 2024. OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2024b). Reimagining education, realising potential. OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2024c). Transforming education in Indonesia: Examining the landscape of current reforms (OECD Education Policy Perspectives No. 88). OECD Publishing.
Rahayu, O., Suhardi, & Hamdan. (2025). The influence of leadership competencies, stakeholder participation, and technology utilization on education quality with digital transformation as an intervening variable. SIBATIK Journal, 4(5), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v4i5.2692
Rizana, A. F., Wiratmadja, I. I., & Akbar, M. (2025). Exploring capabilities for digital transformation in the business context: Insight from a systematic literature review. Sustainability, 17(9), Article 4222. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094222
Rohbiyatun, H., Widayati, W., & Haryati, T. (2025). Strategies for educational quality management in the digital transformation era: A case study of SMP PGRI 1 Semarang. Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 15(2), 608–618. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpi.v15i2.3019
Salabi, A. S., Muadin, A., & Prasetyo, M. A. M. (2023). Improving the quality of learning organizations through school effectiveness. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama, 15(1), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v15i1.2321
Schallmo, D., Williams, C. A., & Tidd, J. (2022). The art of holistic digitalisation: A meta-view on strategy, transformation, implementation, and maturity. International Journal of Innovation Management, 26(3), Article 2240007. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919622400072
Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. Doubleday/Currency.
Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization (Rev. & updated ed.). Doubleday/Currency.
Sholikah, M., & Sulistyo, H. (2026). Unveiling the role of IT capability in human resource performance through organizational learning and smart working. Journal of Office Administration: Education and Practice, 6(1), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.26740/joaep.v6n1.p25-42
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
Triwiyanto, T., Kusumaningrum, D. E., Sobri, A. Y., & Maitreephun, W. (2024). Accountability management system of superior elementary school for digital transformation. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 18(4), 1514–1526. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i4.21692
UNESCO. (2015). Rethinking education: Towards a global common good? UNESCO Publishing. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000232555
UNESCO. (2024). Unleashing innovation: Embracing digital transformation in education in Indonesia. UNESCO Publishing.
Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
Wijayanti, L. M., Purba, J. T., Hariandja, E. S., & Sijabat, R. (2021). Organizational agility in educational setting: A case study of Sekolah Murid Merdeka. Jurnal Studi Guru dan Pembelajaran, 4(3), 649–661. https://doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.4.3.2021.1487
Zheng, G., Wang, Q., Qin, Y., Zhang, Z., Huo, B., & Guo, M. (2026). Organizational learning and digitalization capability: Evidence from Chinese SMEs in dynamic environments. Technovation, 156, Article 103618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2026.103618
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Suandi Silalahi, Dade Suparna
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan is an Open Access Journal. The authors who publish the manuscript in Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan agree to the following terms.
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
