Profil Status Gizi Atlet DKI Jakarta pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional XXI Aceh–Sumatera Utara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/risenologi.111.03Kata Kunci:
Atlet, Komposisi Tubuh, Status GiziAbstrak
Nutritional status and body composition are important factors that affect the health and performance of athletes both in training and competition. Athletes with optimal nutritional status tend to have better endurance, strength, and recovery. Therefore, monitoring the nutritional status of athletes is important, especially in preparation for major activities such as the National Sports Week (PON). This study aims to find out the Nutritional Status Profile of DKI Jakarta Athletes at the XXI Aceh – North Sumatra National Sports Week. The research was conducted at the KONI DKI Jakarta Building and athletes' training ground during September 2024, using a quantitative descriptive approach and survey method with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) instruments. The results of the study on 205 athletes showed that the majority were in the category of normal BMI. However, there are significant variations in body composition that are influenced by gender and type of exercise. Male martial artists have the most optimal profile, with high muscle mass and low body fat. In contrast, female athletes in sports have a relatively high percentage of body fat and low muscle mass. This data indicates that the use of BMI as a single indicator is not sufficiently representative, so additional measurements of more specific body composition are needed. These findings are an important basis for the development of evidence-based athlete development strategies, with specific approaches according to the characteristics of each sport. The use of the BIA method provides convenience in practical mass assessment, but it is still recommended in combination with other methods for validation of results. The conclusions of this study confirm the importance of integrated nutrition and exercise interventions, as well as regular monitoring of body composition to support athletes' performance towards national competitions.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil status gizi dan komposisi tubuh atlet DKI Jakarta dalam persiapan Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) XXI Aceh–Sumatera Utara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei terhadap 205 atlet Pelatda DKI Jakarta yang diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi indeks massa tubuh (IMT), persentase lemak tubuh, dan massa otot. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata IMT atlet berada pada
kategori normal (22,17 ± 3,11 kg/m²), namun terdapat variasi komposisi tubuh berdasarkan cabang olahraga dan jenis kelamin. Atlet beladiri laki-laki memiliki profil paling optimal dengan lemak tubuh rendah (15,15 ± 4,71%) dan massa otot tinggi (35,83 ± 1,93%), sedangkan atlet perempuan pada cabang permainan memiliki lemak tubuh lebih tinggi (25,69 ± 4,25%) dan massa otot lebih rendah (28,53 ± 1,97%). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa IMT tidak cukup merepresentasikan kondisi fisik atlet secara komprehensif sehingga diperlukan analisis komposisi tubuh berbasis cabang olahraga untuk mendukung evaluasi status gizi dan peningkatan performa atlet.
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