MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR REFILLED DRINKING WATER USING A TDS SENSOR

Dudi Adi Firmansyah; Kamila Rofa Khairunnisa Ibadurrohman; Bernadus Bisma Titis Restu Aji; Suprijanto Suprijanto

doi:10.21009/SPEKTRA.052.07

Authors

Dudi Adi Firmansyah D3 Metrology and Instrumentation, Academy of Metrology and Instrumentation, Jalan Daeng M. Ardiwinata km 3,4 Cihanjuang, Bandung Barat 40559, Indonesia
Kamila Rofa Khairunnisa Ibadurrohman D3 Metrology and Instrumentation, Academy of Metrology and Instrumentation, Jalan Daeng M. Ardiwinata km 3,4 Cihanjuang, Bandung Barat 40559, Indonesia
Bernadus Bisma Titis Restu Aji D3 Metrology and Instrumentation, Academy of Metrology and Instrumentation, Jalan Daeng M. Ardiwinata km 3,4 Cihanjuang, Bandung Barat 40559, Indonesia
Suprijanto Suprijanto Engineering Physics, Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21009/SPEKTRA.052.07

Keywords:

refilled drinking water, TDS sensor, TDS, EC, Bluetooth

Abstract

Water is an essential need for humans and consumed as drinking water after fulfilling the health requirement in the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation No.492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010. Due to the increasing demand, there are currently many refilled drinking water stores as an economical and practical alternative way to people. However, their safety still needs to be tested in the laboratory. This condition is impractical so that it needs a portable measuring instrument especially based on the TDS sensor that can measure the total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) at once, which determines the taste and safety of the water. TDS sensor calibration at 80.5 to 966 ppm shows a 93.4% accuracy; 99.8% precision and 1.3 ppm hysteresis. In comparison, EC calibration at 161 to 1932 microsiemens/cm produces an average of 82.3% accuracy, 97.1% precision, and 1.0 microsiemens/cm hysteresis. This prototype is then employed to measure the water sample and determine its safety to consume and observed a decreasing trend of TDS and EC (194.1 ppm and 388.2 microsiemens/cm) as compared to the water spring sample (20.2 ppm and 402.3 microsiemens/cm). The prototype also has a Bluetooth module that enabling the remote observation on a cell phone without the presence of a telephone network.

References

Bynoe, V., & Katz, A. (2018). Thinking outside the box: a critical literacy collaborative. Reference Services Review. Vol.46 No.2, 2018., 264-271.

Cheah, M.Y. (2001). From prescription to participation: Moving from functional to critical literacy in Singapure. In Comber, B., and Simpson, A. (Eds) 2001). Negotiating critical literacies in clasroom. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Coffey, G. (2012). Literacy and technology: Integrating technology with small group, peer-led discussions of literature. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2012, 4(2), 395—405.

Cooper, K., White, R.E. (2015) Democracy and It’s Discontents: Critical Literacy Across Global Contexts. Canada: Springer.

Dale, J & Magison. (2010). Paulo Freire : Teaching for freedom and transformation – the philosopical influences on the work of Paulo Freire. New York: Springer.

Fairbrain, S.B. (2012). Language assessment: principles and classroom practices. H. Douglas Brown. TESOL Quarterly, 39(2), 344—346. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3588320

Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and text: linguistic and intertextual analysis within discourse analysis. Discourse and Society, 3(2), 193–217.

Freeman, J. (1996). Self-reports in research on high ability. High Ability Studies, 7, 191-201. Retrieved from http://joanfreeman.com/pdf/free_reports.pdf

Freire, P., & Macedo, D. (1987). Literacy: Reading The Word and The Word. London: Routledge.

Freire, P., & Shor, I. (1987). A Pedagogy for Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Education. California: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Gee, J.P. (1990). Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses, Critical Perspectives on Literacy and Education. London: Falmer Press.

Gustine, G.G. (2014). Critical literacy in an Indonesian EFL setting: Sustaining professional learning. (Doctoral Dissertation). Deakin University, Melbourne.

Izadinia, M., & Abednia, A. (2010). Dinamics of an EFL Reading Course with a Critical Literacy Orientation. Journal of Language and Literacy Education, 6(2), 51-67.

Jhonson, H., & Freedman, L. (2005). Developing Critical Awareness at the Middle Level: Using Texts as Tools for Critique and Pleasure. Newark: International Reading Association.

Kalantzis, M., Cope, B. (2015). Literacies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ko, M. B. (2013). A case study of an EFL teacher’s critical literacy teaching in a reading class in Taiwan. Language teaching research. 17(1), 91-108. Doi:10.1177/1362168812457537.

Lau, S. M. C. (2013). A study of critical literacy work with beginning English language learners: An integrated approach. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 10(1), 1-30.

Lewison, M., Flint, A.S., & Sluys, K.V. (2002). Taking on critical literacy: The journey of newcomers and novices. Language Arts, 79(5), 382—386. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284055039_Taking_on_critical_literacy_The_journey_of_newcomers_and_novices

Luke, A., & Freebody, P. (1999). Map of possible practices: Furher notes on the four sources model. Pratically Primary, 4(12), 5—8. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a916/0ce3d5e75744de3d0ddacfaf6861fe928b9e.pdf

Mertens, D.M. (2010). Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology. California: SAGE Publications Inc.

McGee, L.M., Richgel, D.J. (2000). Literacy’s Beginnings: Suporting Young Readers and Writers. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

McLaughlin, M., & Devoogd, G.L. (2004). Critical Literacy: Enhancing Students' Comprehension of Text. Pittsburgh: Scholastic Corp.

Ni’mah, K. (2014). “Optimalisasi komunitas literasi kampus sebagai upaya menghapus rabun baca dan luput tulis”. Membangun Budaya Literasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional JBSI FBS UNESA.

Norris, K., Lucas, L., & Prudhoe, C. (2012). Examining critical literacy: Preparing preservice teachers to use critical literacy in the early childhood classroom. Multicultural Education, 19(2), 59—62.

Pearson, P.D., & Duke, N.K. (2002). Effective Practices for Developing Reading Comprehension. In International Reading Association (Ed), What Research Has to Say About Reading Instruction (3rd ed., pp 205—242). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254282574_Effective_Practices_for_Developing_Reading_Comprehension

Priyatni, E., & Nurhadi. (2017). Membaca Kritis dan Literasi Kritis. Tangerang: TSmart.

Purwahida, R. (2017). Interaksi sosial pada kumpulan cerpen Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos karangan Agus Noor dan implikasinya terhadap pembelajaran sastra di SMA. Aksis: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 1(1). 118-134. doi: doi.org/10.21009/AKSIS.010107

Purwahida, R. (2018). Problematika Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Baca Tulis Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar. Aksis: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2(1). 118-134. doi: doi.org/10.21009/AKSIS.020108

Riley, K. (2015). Enacting critical literacy in English classroom. Journal Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 58(5), 417—425. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.371

Setiadi, R., & Piyakun, A. (2012). Understanding The Process Of Reading In The Teaching Literacy. Bandung: Rizqy Press.

Shin, H., & Crookes, G. (2009). Exploring the possibilities for EFL critical pedagogy in Korea: A two-part case study. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies: An Internationa; Journal, 2,(2), 113-136.

Silvers, P. & Shoney, M. (2010). Critical literacy in a primary multiliteracies classroom: The Hurricane Group. Journal of Early Chilhood Literacy. 10(4) 379-409.

Subkhan, E. (2016). Pendidikan Kritis. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.

Suhartatik. (2018). Makna Leksikal Bahasa Madura Keadaan Alam Nelayan di Pesisir Kepulauan Sumenep. Aksis: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2(1). 107-126. doi: doi.org/10.21009/AKSIS.020107

Supratno, H. (2014). “Membudayakan literasi di kalangan mahasiswa”. Membangun Budaya Literasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional JBSI FBS UNESA.

Wallace, C. (2003). Critical Reading in Language Education. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Wilinsky, J. (2013). Critical Literacy Lessons for the Intelectual Properties of Learning from Bede and Alcuin of York. International Jurnal of Cultural Studies. 16(5), 475-489.