STUDI PARAMETRIK PENGARUH POLA CURAH HUJAN TERHADAP JARAK JANGKAUAN (RUN-OUT) LONGSOR DI LEMBANG-BANDUNG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/SPEKTRA.012.06Abstract
Abstrak
Longsor termasuk bencana alam yang sering terjadi di Jawa Barat. Banyak penelitian mengenai longsor. Salah satu penelitian didasarkan pada faktor penting pemicu terjadinya longsor yaitu pola curah hujan. Penelitian dilakukan di Lembang-Bandung sebagai daerah berpotensi longsor dengan menggunakan metode geologi teknik berupa uji karakteristik keteknikan tanah. Hasil dari karakterisasi keteknikan tanah berupa distribusi ukuran butir, porositas, permeabilitas, kohesi, dan dengan dilengkapi geometri lereng potensi longsor digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi besaran yang digunakan untuk mengetahui jarak jangkauan (run-out) longsor berdasarkan model gesekan Coloumb sederhana. Perubahan pola curah hujan yang dilakukan yaitu 0 mm/jam, 0,1 mm/jam, 5 mm/jam, 10 mm/jam, 20 mm/jam, dan 25 mm/jam menghasilkan stabilitas lereng (baca: faktor keamanan) yang berbeda-beda. Pola hujan ringan – sedang menunjukan bahwa lereng berada dalam keadaan kritis dengan FK ~1,001 sedangkan saat hujan lebat – sangat lebat menunjukan lereng berada dalam keadaan tidak stabil dengan FK< 1. Hal ini berpengaruh pada run-out longsor beserta kecepatan tanah. Semakin tinggi tingkat curah hujan maka lereng akan semakin tidak stabil sehingga tinggi awal pusat massa berubah menjadi lebih tinggi maka run-out longsor dan kecepatan pun semakin tinggi.
Kata-kata kunci: Pola Curah Hujan, Faktor Keamanan, Jarak Jangkauan (Run-Out)
Abstract
Landslide is one of the most frequent natural disasters in West Java. There is a lot of research conducted under landslides discussion. One of the researches was conducted based on one of the important factors that trigger landslides that is rainfall patterns. The research was conducted in Lembang, Bandung as it is an area potentially having landslide. The method used was geological method particularly using engineering characteristic such as the soil test. The results of engineering characterization of soil are in the form of grain size distribution, porosity, permeability, and cohesion. It is completed by potential landslide slope geometry in order to identify the unit used to determine the run-out of the landslide based on the friction model of simple Coulomb. Changes in rainfall patterns made is 0 mm/h, 0.1 mm/h, 5 mm/h, 10 mm/h, 20 mm/h, and 25 mm/h resulting different intensity of slope stability (read: safety factor). That are light-medium rainfall pattern then the value FK ~ 1.001, while heavy-torrential rainfall pattern then the value FK <1. It affects the run-out landslides including the ground speed. The higher of the rainfall level, the lower of the slope stability will be, It increases initial high center of mass and also resulting the higher of the run-out of landslides and it speed.
Keywords: Rainfall Patterns, Safety Factor, Run-Out
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