Gravitational Lensing for A Spherically Symmetric Regular Charged Black Hole in Weak Field Limit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/SPEKTRA.092.05Keywords:
gravitational lensing, weak lensing, deflection angle, regular charged black holeAbstract
Gravitational lensing is an integral part of the study of general relativity, as it is one of the direct consequences of general relativity. The existence of singularity within the black hole due to gravitational collapse is one of the key properties of the black hole. However, the introduction of non-linear electrodynamics (NLED) offers an intriguing possibility: nonsingular black holes. This work focuses on calculating the deflection angle within the weak field limit. Here, the photon's effective geometry associated with NLED is not incorporated; instead, the regular metric is utilized as it is, without presupposing its origins in NLED. A correction term in the deflection angle to the Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) case was found. This term manifests as a displacement in the position of the third image associated with the black hole.
References
S. Zschocke, "Light deflection in binary stars," The Astronomical Journal, vol. 144, no. 3, p. 77, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/144/3/77.
S. Zschocke, "Total light deflection in the gravitational field of an axisymmetric body at rest with full mass and spin multipole structure," Physical Review D, vol. 107, no. 12, p. 124055, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.107.124055.
E. B. Manoukian and E. B. Manoukian, "Light Deflection in GR and Gravitational Lensing: Prerequisite Chap. 56," in 100 Years of Fundamental Theoretical Physics in the Palm of Your Hand: Integrated Technical Treatment, Cham: Springer, pp. 367-371, 2020, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-51081-7_57.
K. S. Virbhadra and George F. R. Ellis, “Schwarzschild black hole lensing,”, Physical Review D, vol. 62, no. 8, p. 084003, Sep. 2000, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.62.084003.
K. Akiyama et al., “First m87 event horizon telescope results. I. the shadow of the supermassive black hole”, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 875:L1, no. 1, 17pp, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7.
K. Akiyama et al., “First sagittarius a* event horizon telescope results. i. the shadow of the supermassive black hole in the center of the milky way,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 930:L12, no. 2, 21pp, May 2022, doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6674.
C. G. Darwin, “The gravity field of a particle,” in Proceedings of the Royal Society London in Series A. Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences, vol. 249, no. 1257, pp. 180–194, Jan. 1959, doi: 10.1098/rspa.1959.0015.
S. Fernando and S. Roberts, “Gravitational lensing by charged black holes,” General Relativity and Gravitation, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1221-1230, Aug. 2002, doi: 10.1023/A:1019726501344.
T. Manna, et. al., "Strong lensing of a regular black hole with an electrodynamics source," General Relativity and Gravitation, vol. 50, no. 54, pp. 1-18, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s10714-018-2375-3.
J. Liang, "Strong gravitational lensing by regular electrically charged black holes," General Relativity and Gravitation, vol. 49, no. 137, pp. 1-18, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10714-017-2307-7.
M. S. Churilova and Z. Stuchlik, "Quasinormal modes of black holes in 5D Gauss–Bonnet gravity combined with non-linear electrodynamics,” Annals of Physics, vol 418, pp. 1-13, July 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.aop.2020.168181.
Y. Kumaran and A. Övgün, "Shadow and deflection angle of asymptotic magnetically-charged non-singular black hole," The European Physical Journal C, vol. 83, no. 9, pp. 1-23, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12001-z.
R. Carballo-Rubio, F. Di Filippo, S. Liberati, and M. Visser, "Singularity-free gravitational collapse: From regular black holes to horizonless objects," in Regular Black Holes: Towards a New Paradigm of Gravitational Collapse, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, pp. 353-387, 2023, doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-1596-5_9.
L. Balart and E. C. Vagenas, “Regular black holes with a nonlinear electrodynamics source,” Physical Review D, vol. 90, no. 12, p. 124045, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.124045.
C. Lan, H. Yang, Y. Guo, and Y-G. Miao, “Regular black holes: A short topic review,” International Journal of Theoretical Physics, vol. 62, no. 9, p. 202, Sept. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10773-023-05454-1.
H. El moumni, K. Masmar, and A. Övgün, "Weak deflection angle of some classes of non-linear electrodynamics black holes via Gauss-Bonnet theorem," Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys., vol. 19, no. 06, p. 2250094, 2022, doi: 10.1142/S0219887822500943.
C. Lämmerzahl, M. Maceda, and A. Mac'ias, "On slowly rotating black holes and nonlinear electrodynamics," Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 015001, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1088/1361-6382/aaeca7.
A. S. Habibina and H. S. Ramadhan, “Geodesic of nonlinear electrodynamics and stable photon orbits,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 101, no. 12, p. 124036, June 2020, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.124036.
S. Weinberg, “Gravitation and cosmology: Principles and applications of the general theory of relativity,” J. Wiley, 1972.
S. Frittelli, T. P. Kling, and E. T. Newman, “Spacetime perspective of schwarzschild lensing,” Physical Review D, vol. 61, no. 6, p. 064021, Feb. 2000, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.61.064021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 M. F. Shidik, H. Ramadhan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
SPEKTRA: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya allow the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions. SPEKTRA: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya CC-BY or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work. In developing strategy and setting priorities, SPEKTRA: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya recognize that free access is better than priced access, libre access is better than free access, and libre under CC-BY or the equivalent is better than libre under more restrictive open licenses. We should achieve what we can when we can. We should not delay achieving free in order to achieve libre, and we should not stop with free when we can achieve libre.
SPEKTRA: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.