Fire Characteristics of Motorcycles in Open Areas at UNJ Campus Using PyroSim

Authors

  • Pratomo Setyadi Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia
  • Dicky Chandra Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia
  • Imam Asyrafi Alfarizi Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia
  • Mayzar Maulana Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21009/SPEKTRA.112.06

Keywords:

HRR, convection, conduction, radiation, fire spread, evacuation

Abstract

The motorcycle open parking space provided by UNJ (State University of Jakarta) has limited capacity, but the number of the academic community is increasing. The arrangements are sometimes done in a scrambled mode with very limited spacing, and these motorcycles are parked in a hot condition due to the engine and environment. As a result, an uncontrolled two-wheeled vehicle layout can pose a danger in the event of a fire. This study uses PyroSim 2025 software as a pre-processor for the FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator) that will analyze the flame spread, the increase in HRR (Heat Release Rate), and the heat transfer graphs (conduction, convection, and radiation). The object that is burned is in the form of a motorcycle, with a material consisting of foam (as a motorcycle seat) and polypropylene (as a motorcycle body). Furthermore, the chemical reaction to be used is propylene. The particle ignitor model is designated as the ignition source in the foam material. In this simulation, the influence of wind is ignored to see the magnitude of the influence of radiation and natural convection on heat transfer on the spread of fire. The simulation results presented are in the form of a graph of a significant increase in HRR (Heat Release Rate) when the fire starts to ignite and grows to spread to the surrounding motors, visualization shows that the fire spreads in the direction of the model's material geometry, and heats the surrounding material with the principles of conduction, radiation and natural convection. The heat release rate spikes immediately as soon as most of the material had decomposed and turned into flashover. The radiation also increases as the fire spreads and the flame size becomes enormous. The heat release rate, flame spread, flame size (height and diameter), and radiation increased almost linearly. This study contributes to fire safety engineering by providing quantitative characterization of the heat release rate, flame spread behavior, and radiative/convective heat transfer of motorcycle fires in open parking configurations, which can serve as a scientific basis for improving parking layout design, fire protection strategy, and evacuation planning in open motorcycle parking areas such as university campuses.

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Published

2026-08-30

How to Cite

Setyadi, P., Chandra, D., Alfarizi, I. A., & Maulana, M. (2026). Fire Characteristics of Motorcycles in Open Areas at UNJ Campus Using PyroSim. Spektra: Jurnal Fisika Dan Aplikasinya, 11(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.21009/SPEKTRA.112.06

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): SPEKTRA: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya, Volume 11 Issue 2, August 2026

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Pratomo Setyadi, Dicky Chandra, Imam Asyrafi Alfarizi, Mayzar Maulana

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