The Effect of the Cobra Stretch Training Method on Students' Kayang Abilities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.171.13Keywords:
cobra stretch , bridge skillsl, floor gymnastics, spinal flexibility, flexibility trainingAbstract
The bridge (kayang) is a fundamental floor gymnastics skill that requires spinal flexibility, back muscle strength, and abdominal muscle strength. However, many elementary school students experience difficulty performing the bridge due to limited flexibility and insufficient core muscle strength. Therefore, a specific stretching method is needed to improve this ability. This study aimed to examine the effect of the cobra stretch training method on students’ bridge ability. This research used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design to evaluate skill improvement after a structured intervention. The participants were 20 fifth-grade students of Dahor State Elementary School selected using total sampling. The intervention was conducted for four weeks, three times per week. The instrument was a validated performance observation rubric assessing starting position, back arch, position stability, and final position. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Shapiro–Wilk normality test, paired sample t-test, and Cohen’s d effect size analysis. The results showed a significant improvement after the intervention (t = −17.172, p < 0.05), with the mean score increasing from 7.15 to 12.45. The effect size was very large (Cohen’s d = 3.84), indicating a substantial practical impact. It can be concluded that the cobra stretch method is effective and practical for improving students’ bridge ability and can be applied in Physical Education learning at the elementary school levelDownloads
References
Adi, S., & Fathoni, A. F. (2020). Mobile Learning sebagai Fasilitas Belajar Mandiri Pembelajaran Senam Lantai pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Keolahragaan. In Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan (Vol. 5, Nomor 8, hal. 1158). State University of Malang (UM). https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v5i8.13946
Afandi, H. A. (2025). Penerapan Pembelajaran Dengan Metode Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Melalui Media Berbasis Android Integrasi Teknik Responsi Pretest Dan Postest. In Journal Creativity (Vol. 3, Nomor 1, hal. 310–324). Madrasah Aliyah Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata. https://doi.org/10.62288/9qx9pd23
Alfaiz, R. D., Nu’man, A. H., & Bachtiar, I. (2023). Perancangan Tata Letak Pabrik dengan Pendekatan Kuantitatif Menggunakan Metode Algoritma Craft. In Bandung Conference Series: Industrial Engineering Science (Vol. 3, Nomor 1). Universitas Islam Bandung (Unisba). https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsies.v3i1.7021
Aliriad, H., Da’i, M., S, A., & Apriyanto, R. (2023). Strategi Peningkatan Motorik untuk Menstimulus Motorik Anak Usia Dini melalui Pendekatan Aktivitas Luar Ruangan. In Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Vol. 7, Nomor 4, hal. 4609–4623). Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.4149
Almomani, E., Sullivan, J., Saadeh, O., Mustafa, E., Alinier, G., & Pattison, N. (2024). A26 Evaluating a learner-centred reflective learning conversations debriefing model: a mixed methods pretest-postest comparative study. In Journal of Healthcare Simulation. Zoom Health Ltd. https://doi.org/10.54531/wokq6317
Asriana, A. (2022). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Senam Lantai dengan Menggunakan Metode Demonstrasi Siswa Kelas III SD Negeri 2 Cakranegara. In ANWARUL (Vol. 2, Nomor 2, hal. 180–191). Darul Yasin Al Sys. https://doi.org/10.58578/anwarul.v2i2.370
Asrori, N. (2022). Media Pembelajaran Olahraga Senam Lantai Dengan Augmented Reality Berbasis Android. In Jurnal Informatika dan Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak (Vol. 2, Nomor 4, hal. 559–569). Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.33365/jatika.v2i4.1613
Bulus, M. (2021). Sample Size Determination and Optimal Design of Randomized/Non-equivalent Pretest-posttest Control-group Designs. Center for Open Science. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/k5ey8
Da’i, M., Ramadhan, N., & Rohman, A. (2024). Comparison of Physical Fitness Levels between Boarding School Students based on Islamic Boarding School and Formal School Students. In Journal Coaching Education Sports (Vol. 4, Nomor 1, hal. 140–152). Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya. https://doi.org/10.31599/em36vx19
Fachrurrazi, S. (2020). Aplikasi Pengolahan Data Pariwisata Dan Kepemudaan Pada Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang. In Jurnal Teknologi Terapan and Sains 4.0 (Vol. 1, Nomor 1). LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh. https://doi.org/10.29103/tts.v1i1.3244
Ghimire, B., Acharya, A., & Upadhyay, H. P. (2023). Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Arterial Blood Gas Analysis among Nursing Students in Chitwan, Nepal A Pre-experimental One Group Pretest Post-test Design. In Journal of National Heart and Lung Society Nepal (Vol. 2, Nomor 2, hal. 103–108). Nepal Journals Online (JOL). https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhls.v2i2.59783
Hafid, F., Huda, I. A., & Rahman, D. A. (2025). Pemberian Permainan Interaksi Untuk Optimalisasi Gerakan Senam Lantai. In Jurnal ABDIMAS : MURI (Vol. 5, Nomor 1). STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan. https://doi.org/10.33222/jmuri.v5i1.4038
Hanan, H. I., Lusiana, L., Zahra, S., & Purnama, Y. (2023). Tingkat Kecemasan pada Pembelajaran Senam Lantai Kayang. In Indonesian Journal of Kinanthropology (IJOK) (Vol. 2, Nomor 2, hal. 89–94). Universitas Negeri Surabaya. https://doi.org/10.26740/ijok.v2n2.p89-94
Hardiansyah, F. (2024). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Senam Lantai Guling Depan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Pendekatan Jigsaw Pada Siswa Kelas IX C SMP Negeri 22 Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024. In Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan (Vol. 3, Nomor 2, hal. 10–29). UNTAG Semarang. https://doi.org/10.56444/soshumdik.v3i2.1604
Husnan, H. (2020). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PJOK Materi Senam Lantai dengan Metode Latihan Berulang pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 3 Kopang Tahun Pelajaran 2018 / 2019. In JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan) (Vol. 4, Nomor 1). Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Mandala. https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v4i1.1027
Muhrisin, M. (2023). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pjok Materi Senam Lantai dengan Metode Latihan Berulang pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Penimpoh Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. In JUPE : Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala (Vol. 8, Nomor 1, hal. 221). Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Mandala. https://doi.org/10.58258/jupe.v8i1.4901
Nugroho, W., & Dewi, R. (2023). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Senam Lantai dengan Metode Bermain untuk Siswa Kelas IV SDN 137698 Kota Tanjungbalai. In JSH: Journal of Sport and Health (Vol. 4, Nomor 1, hal. 34–45). Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. https://doi.org/10.26486/jsh.v4i1.3096
Purnama, Y., lusiana, L., & Hidayah, D. F. (2021). Upaya Peningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kayang Senam Lantai melalui Metode Pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya. In Jurnal Porkes (Vol. 4, Nomor 1, hal. 8–13). Universitas Hamzanwadi. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v4i1.3354
Safrial, B. (2022). Memaksimalkan kompetensi senam lantai melalui metode practice style dengan card task di SMAN 1 bungo. In Jurnal Tunas Pendidikan (Vol. 4, Nomor 2, hal. 135–142). LP3M STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo. https://doi.org/10.52060/pgsd.v4i2.638
Saifuddin, H., Priadana, B. W., & Ramadhan, N. (2021). Kompetensi Guru Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Olahraga di Bojonegoro. In Physical Activity Journal (Vol. 3, Nomor 1, hal. 65). Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2021.3.1.4814
Sauqi, S. A., Murdjito, M., & Rosyid, D. M. (2024). Analisis Risiko Instalasi Penurunan PLEM dengan Pendekatan Metode Semi Kuantitatif. In Jurnal Teknik ITS (Vol. 13, Nomor 3). Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ITS. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v13i3.147781
Stiyapranomo, D. A. (2023). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Senam Lantai Menggunakan Metode Demonstrasi dan Penugasan Berbasis Google Formulir. In JSH: Journal of Sport and Health (Vol. 3, Nomor 2, hal. 70–82). Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. https://doi.org/10.26486/jsh.v3i2.2965
Tahrun, R. A., Rusli, M., & Maruka, A. (2025). Hubungan Fleksibilitas Otot Perut dengan Kemampuan Kayang pada Senam Lantai. In Journal Olympic (Physical Education, Health and Sport) (Vol. 5, Nomor 1, hal. 24–31). Universitas Halu Oleo. https://doi.org/10.36709/jolympic.v5i1.129
Tresnowati, I., Panggraita, G. N., & Ramadiansyah, A. T. (2021). Korelasi Kekuatan Otot Lengan dan Power Otot Tungkai Dengan Keterampilan Senam Lantai. In Jendela Olahraga (Vol. 6, Nomor 2, hal. 78–87). Universitas PGRI Semarang. https://doi.org/10.26877/jo.v6i2.8911
Wibowo, U. K., Kresnapati, P., & Juwahir, J. (2024). Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Psikomotorik Materi Meroda Pada Pembelajaran Senam Lantai Dengan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Di Kelas Viii Smpn 2 Semarang. In Journal of Physical Activity and Sports (JPAS) (Vol. 5, Nomor 3, hal. 124–131). YLPK Mahardhika. https://doi.org/10.53869/jpas.v5i3.231
Zahra, H., Maulana, F., & Nugraheni, W. (2023). Teknik Dasar Senam Lantai: Bagaimana Model Problem Based Learning Dapat Meningkatkan Sikap Lilin dan Kayang Siswa Sekolah Dasar. In Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA (Vol. 9, Nomor 3, hal. 1236–1244). Universitas Majalengka. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i3.5395
Zulbahri, Z., Astuti, Y., . E., . P., & . D. (2020). Pengembangan Media Belajar Pjok Pada Materi Senam Lantai (Artistik). In Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan Undiksha (Vol. 8, Nomor 2, hal. 86). Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiku.v8i2.30253
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yoga Aziz Kurnia Anggara, Nurman Ramadhan, Mohamad Da'i
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
