Analysis of the Effects of Martial Arts Extracurricular Activities on the Physical Fitness of Junior High School Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.172.08Keywords:
martial arts, Physical Fitness, Extracurricular, Karate, pencak silat, TaekwondoAbstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of martial arts extracurricular activities on the physical fitness of junior high school students. The research used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The participants consisted of 30 students aged 12–14 years who actively participated in karate, pencak silat, and taekwondo extracurricular activities at SMP Kemala Bhayangkari Bandung. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Physical fitness data were collected using a physical fitness test battery for adolescents, including handgrip strength, sargent jump, sit and reach, sit-ups, beep test, and body mass index. Data analysis was conducted using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene homogeneity test, and one-way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that all martial arts extracurricular activities improved students’ physical fitness. The one-way ANOVA test showed a significance value of 0.047 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in physical fitness improvement among the three martial arts groups. The karate group demonstrated the highest increase in average scores compared to pencak silat and taekwondo. The differences in improvement were influenced by variations in training frequency, intensity, and movement characteristics in each martial art. Therefore, martial arts extracurricular activities can be considered an effective physical activity program for improving the physical fitness of junior high school students.Downloads
References
Aziz, M. A., Kunnabal, P., & Mohamed, N. A. (2025). Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Component Profiles in Malaysian Adolescence Recreational Karateka. Journal of Health Science and Medical Research, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.31584/jhsmr.20251142
Batista, M. B., Freitas, M. C. M. de, Romanzini, C. L. P., Barbosa, C. C. L., Shigaki, G. B., Fernandes, R. A., Romanzini, M., & Ronque, E. R. V. (2024). Sports participation in childhood and adolescence and physical activity intensity in adulthood. PLoS ONE, 19(5 MAY). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299604
Bengtsson, D., Svensson, J., Wiman, V., Stenling, A., Lundkvist, E., & Ivarsson, A. (2025). Health-related outcomes of youth sport participation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (Vol. 22, Number 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01792-x
Bielik, V., Nosáľ, V., Nechalová, L., Špánik, M., Žilková, K., & Grendar, M. (2025). The prediction model of academic achievement based on cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI status for ninth-grade students. BMC Pediatrics, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-05353-2
Caliston, N. (2025). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mobile Game-Based Learning for Raising Adolescent Health Awareness: The Case of “AHlam Na 2.0.” IJOEM Indonesian Journal of E-Learning and Multimedia, 4(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.58723/ijoem.v4i1.349
Demetriou, Y., Gillison, F., & McKenzie, T. L. (2017). After-School Physical Activity Interventions on Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Health: A Review of Reviews. Advances in Physical Education, 07(02), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2017.72017
Dias de Jesus, E. E., Cordeiro, D. L., & Cortes Morales, P. J. (2025). Comparison of the physical fitness of children who train karate in the Joinville/SC region. Sustainability and Sports Science Journal, 3(3), 144–149. https://doi.org/10.55860/xrxw8143
Dwi Kurniawan, R., & Hariyanto, E. (2024). SURVEI TINGKAT KEBUGARAN JASMANI SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER PENCAK SILAT PSHT DI SMP NEGERI 2 TUREN. In Bulan 11 Tahun (Vol. 4). http://jurnal.anfa.co.id/index.php/PJKR
Ezar, A., Zahron, F., & Fadhli, N. R. (2025). HUBUNGAN TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KEBUGARAN PADA SISWA USIA 12-15 TAHUN. Jurnal Edukasi Citra Olahraga ||, 511. https://doi.org/10.38048/jor.v4i3.6259
Ferozi, S., Taneja, A. G., & Bakshi, N. (2024). Assessment of nutritional status, physical fitness and physical activity of school going adolescents (12–15 years) in Delhi. BMC Pediatrics, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04733-y
Gaweł, E., & Zwierzchowska, A. (2024). The Acute and Long-Term Effects of Olympic Karate Kata Training on Structural and Functional Changes in the Body Posture of Polish National Team Athletes. Sports, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12020055
Hidayatullah, M. N. F., Harwanto, H., & Suharti, S. (2024). Pengaruh Latihan Fisik Beladiri Pencak Silat Terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani Pada Siswa Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate. PENJAGA : Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 5(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.55933/pjga.v5i1.695
Kang, M.-J., Xiang, Y.-Y., Won, J.-H., & Kim, J.-S. (2025). The Effect of Taekwondo Training Period on Physical Fitness, Muscular Strength, and Respiratory Muscle Function in Youth. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7764108/v1
Kardianus, Suyatmin, & Moh Kusuma Atmaja, N. (2020). PENGARUH INTERVAL TRAINING TERHADAP VO2 MAX PADA EKSTRA KURIKULER PENCAK SILAT PERSAUDARAAN SETIA HATI TERATE RAYON KHUSUS SMKN 1 NANGA PINOH (Vol. 7, Number 1).
Karimullah, A., & Atmaka, D. R. (2025). The Relationship between Sitting Height with VO2max and Muscular Endurance in Junior Taekwondo Athletes. JSES Journal of Sport and Exercise Science, 8(2), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.26740/jses.v8n2.p152-160
Khattak, A. A., & Scholar, M. S. (2023). DEVELOPING NORMS FOR THE TEST BATTERY MEASURING THE PHYSICAL FITNESS LEVEL OF THE EARLY ADOLESCENTS. In PJER (Vol. 6).
Kim, H. B., Stebbins, C. L., Chai, J. H., & Song, J. K. (2011). Taekwondo training and fitness in female adolescents. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(2), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.525519
Laitinen, E., Soininen, S., Leppänen, M. H., Waller, K., Bond, B., Lintu, N., Faigenbaum, A. D., Laitinen, T., Haapala, E. A., & Lakka, T. A. (2025). Associations of Physical Fitness During Childhood with Arterial Structure and Stiffness in Adolescence: An 8-Year Follow-up Study. Sports Medicine - Open, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00841-w
Li, Y., & Kwok, A. P. K. (2021). The Effects of after-School Training of Different Sports Events on the Physical Fitness of Adolescents and Its Comparative Analysis. Advances in Physical Education, 11(03), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2021.113027
Ludwig-Walz, H., Heinisch, S., Siemens, W., Niessner, C., Eberhardt, T., Dannheim, I., Guthold, R., & Bujard, M. (2025). Trends in physical fitness among children and adolescents in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analyses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 101101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101101
Mahmudah, M., Dirgantoro, E. W., & Arifin, S. (2024). Pengaruh Latihan Double Leg Speed Hop Terhadap Power Otot Tungkai Atlet Karate Dojo Kodim 1001 Amuntai. Jurnal Sains Keolahragaan Dan Kesehatan, 9(1), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.5614/jskk.2024.9.1.9
Mardius, A., Sofyan, D., Hadi, R. S., Barlian, E., Ihsan, N., Astuti, Y., & Ockta, Y. (2025). Effectiveness of interval training in increasing VO2max in pencak silat athletes. 14. https://revistas.um.es/sportk
Meiner, C. B., Eckert, C., Aggestrup, C. S., Pfeffer, K., Tarantino, G., Prisak, C., Cimenti, C., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Ntoumanis, N., Krustrup, P., & Larsen, M. N. (2025). Superior health-related physical fitness and well-being in 12-15-year-old Danish adolescents who are active in organized leisure-time sports - a cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 20(9 September). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330950
Nam, S.-S., & Lim, K. (2019). Effects of Taekwondo training on physical fitness factors in Korean elementary students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry, 22(2), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.20463/jenb.2018.0010
Nema, K., Ruzbarsky, P., Rydzik, Ł., & Peric, T. (2024). Relationship of selected conditioning parameters and sport performance indicators in karate. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1433117
Nofriyantoni, Pujianto, D., & Sutisyana, A. (2025). The Effect of Interval Training on Increasing VO2. Max in Pencak Silat Athletes Fostered by ASBD Bengkulu. Indonesian Journal of Sport, Health and Physical Education Science, 3(3), 106–112. https://doi.org/10.58723/inasport.v3i3.393
Nohan, A., & Wahyudi, A. R. (2021). 10 Vo2Max ATLET PENCAK SILAT USIA 14-17 TAHUN DI GOLDEN SILAT CLUB.
Nugroho, H., Gontara, S. Y., Angga, P. D., & Jariono, G. (2024). Pencak Silat as a Comprehensive Method of Mental, Physical, and Spiritual Growth: A Systematic Review. In Physical Education Theory and Methodology (Vol. 24, Number 6, pp. 1015–1025). OVS LLC. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.6.20
Nyrć, M., & Lopuszanska-Dawid, M. (2023). Physical fitness and somatic structure in adolescent taekwondo athletes and untrained peers. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 15(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2023-0009
Perwirawati, D. A., Bustamam, N., Supartono, B., & Heristyorini, A. (2023). HUBUNGAN BENTUK TELAPAK KAKI FLAT FEET DENGAN VO2 MAKS PADA ATLET PENCAK SILAT TINGKAT PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA BERDASARKAN LAMA LATIHAN. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 8(2), 172–180. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v8i2.60065
Piepiora, P. A. (2025). The Health Effects of Karate Training: A Review of 21st Century Research. In Healthcare (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Number 2). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020118
Pratama, T. Y. (2017). PEMBELAJARAN SENI PENCAK SILAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI ANAK TUNAGRAHITA SEDANG (Studi Eksperimen Terhadap Siswa tunagrahita Di SKh X Kota Serang). Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kajian Seni, 2(2).
Qasash Hasyim, M. (2026). DAMPAK PROGRAM LATIHAN FISIK PENCAK SILAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VO 2 MAX DAN KESEHATAN KARDIOVASKULAR PADA ATLET BKMF PENCAK SILAT FIKK UNM. In Jurnal Ilmiah SPIRIT (Vol. 26, Number 1).
Rizky, A., Arifin, S., & Mulhim, M. (2025). Pengaruh Interval Training dalam Meningkatkan Vo2max pada Atlet Remaja Pencak Silat di Perguruan Nurhati Hst. Jurnal Porkes, 8(3), 1403–1414. https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v8i3.31699
Rutkowski, T., & Chwałczyńska, A. (2025). The Impact of Karate and Yoga on Children’s Physical Fitness: A 10-Week Intervention Study. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010435
Saevarsson, E. S., Rognvaldsdottir, V., Stefansdottir, R., & Johannsson, E. (2021). Organized sport participation, physical activity, sleep and screen time in 16-year-old adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063162
Saraiva, B. T. C., Tebar, W. R., Dos Santos, A. B., Antunes, E. P., Silva, S. C. B., Furuta, D. T., Ferrari, G., Delfino, L. D., & Christofaro, D. G. D. (2025). Effects of different modalities of combat sports on the motor skills of children and adolescents. BMC Pediatrics, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05814-2
Stamenković, A., Manić, M., Roklicer, R., Trivić, T., Malović, P., & Drid, P. (2022). Effects of Participating in Martial Arts in Children: A Systematic Review. In Children (Vol. 9, Number 8). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081203
Umarushalih, N., & Hamdani. (2022). PENGARUH SENI PENCAK SILAT TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI SISWA DISABILITAS GRAHITA (STUDI EKSPERIMEN TERHADAP SISWA TUNAGRAHITA DI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 10 SURABAYA). https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-pendidikan-jasmani
Vanhelst, J., Le Cunuder, A., Leger, L., Duclos, M., Mercier, D., & Carré, F. (2024). Sport participation, weight status, and physical fitness in French adolescents. European Journal of Pediatrics, (12), 5213–5221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-024-05796-wï
World Health Organization. (2020). WHO GUIDELINES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOUR.
Zhao, D., Chen, X., Zhang, A., Wang, Y., Gao, Y., He, J., Jiang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2025). A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15697-z
Zouhal, H., Hammami, A., Tijani, J. M., Jayavel, A., de Sousa, M., Krustrup, P., Sghaeir, Z., Granacher, U., & Ben Abderrahman, A. (2020). Effects of Small-Sided Soccer Games on Physical Fitness, Physiological Responses, and Health Indices in Untrained Individuals and Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review. In Sports Medicine (Vol. 50, Number 5, pp. 987–1007). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01256-w
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Tasta Puspa Tastia Tastapuspa, Alen Rismayadi, Ivan Rivan Fidaus
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
