The Shift of Karo Language to Indonesian among Karonese Family in Medan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.v10i1.48240Kata Kunci:
Language Shift, Karo Language, Indonesian, Karonese FamilyAbstrak
The Karo language is gradually no longer used in the family domain among Karonese in Medan. The Karonese begins to entirely use Indonesian for their communication needs. This phenomenon signaled language shift among the Karonese. This study aims to (1) describe the factors influencing language shift among Karonese family in Kwala Bekala Village, (2) the pattern of the language shift and (3) the reason for shifting to Indonesian. It employs qualitative research design with a single case study which is conducted descriptively. The subjects of the study are 10 parents and 10 children of Karonese family in Kwala Bekala Village of Medan Johor District. The data were collected by using questionnaire and interview. Miles & Hubersman’s and Spradley’s data analysis is used to analyze the data. The result of study showed that the factors of the language shift among the Karonese are bilingualism, migration, economic factors, social factors, political factors, demographic factors and value and attitude. The types of the language shift that occurs among the Karonese family are the first generation become bilinguals and about 50% of the Karonese have been shifted to Indonesian in family domain and the second generation almost become monolingual and about 90% have been shift to Indonesian. The Karonese shifted from Karo language to Indonesian because of habitual language use, easy interacting and the status of Indonesian.
Referensi
Bastardas, A & Boada. (2019). From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. https://www.edicions.ub.edu/ficha.aspx?cod=10430
Bhakti, W. P. (2020). Pergeseran penggunaan bahasa Jawa ke bahasa Indonesia dalam komunikasi keluarga di Sleman. Jurnal Skripta, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.31316/skripta.v6i2.811
Daulay, S.H. (2019). Language and society. Medan: Lembaga Peduli Pengembangan Pendidikan Indonesia (LPPI).
Edwards, J. (1985). Language, society and identity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Fasold, R. (1984). The sociolinguistics of society. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Handini, F.D., & Mauluddya, T. (2023). Alih kode dan campur kode pada bahasa Toba, Karo, dan Mandailing pada perantau di Kota Medan. Curere, 7(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.36764/jc.v7i1.1018
Holmes, J. (2001). An introduction to sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Pearson Education.
Holmes, J. (2013). Language maintenance and shift: In an introduction to sociolinguistics (4th ed., pp. 53- 58). New York: Routledge.
Kadir, R. (2021). Language maintenance in an interracial marriage: The case of indonesian females’ language choice in Canada. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v11i1.34589
Kouritzin, S. G. (1999). Faces of first language loss. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Marpaung, M.F., & Firdaus, W. (2017). Language shift of Mandailing language on Mandailingnese family in Medan. International Journal of Linguistics, 9, 106-121. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i4.11573
Marpaung, M.F., Ayu R.S.A., Ritonga, S., & Rahmat, D. (2023). Language shift of Mandailing language on Mandailingnese family in Bilah Hulu. Red: Revolutionof English Department Journal, 7(2), 1-9. https://ejurnal.univalabuhanbatu.ac.id/index.php/red/issue/view/78
Milroy, L & Matthew, G. (2003). Sociolinguistics: Method and interpretation. Malden: Blackwell.
Nirmaliya, T., Aisyah, S., & Tambunan, A. (2022). Karonese language shift of young generation. Linguistik Terapan, 19 (1), 56-62. https://doi.org/10.24114/lt.v19i1.34330
Nita, N., Pratiwi, W. D., & Syafroni, R. N. (2023). Analisis pergeseran bahasa pada masyarakat Kampung Rawagede Kabupaten Karawang. SeBaSa: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 6(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.29408/sbs.v6i1.6281
Romaine, S. (2000). Language in society: An introduction to sociolinguistics. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
Sahril. (2018). Pergeseran bahasa daerah pada anak-anak di Kuala Tanjung Sumatera Utara, Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 7 (2), 210—228. Doi: https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v7i2.571
Sari, R. A. (2020). An analysis of language choice of interethnic marriage Dyak-Madurese couples. HUMANIKA, 27(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.v27i1.29750
Sembiring, A. (2022). Code mixing in Karonese and Indonesian: Sociolinguistics study. Vernacular: Linguistics, Literature, Communication and Culture Journal, 1(2), 56-60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35447/vernacular.v1i2.460
Sembiring, A. W. (2014). Language shift and maintenance in mixed marriages: A case Study of Karonese families. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, State University of Medan.
Sibarani, T. (2015) Pelestarian bahasa Batak Toba dari tinjauan sosiologi dan struktur bahasa. Medan Makna, 13(2), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.26499/mm.v13i2.1211
Sitinjak, V & Harianja, N. (2022). Maintain or shift? Focus on inter-ethnic families in Indonesia. International Journal on Linguistics of Sumatra and Malay, 1(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijlsm.v1i1.10572
Sodah, N. (2019) The impact of social status on language shift: A case study on family domain language in Lembar. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU), 6(3), http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i3.891
Syarfina, T & Sahril. (2017). Pergeseran bahasa pada masyarakat Sumatera Utara. Medan Makna: Jurnal Ilmu Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan, 15(2), https://doi.org/10.26499/mm.v15i2.1178
Syarfina, T. (2014) Sikap multibahasawan orang Medan dan ancaman punahnya bahasa lokal. Medan Makna, 12(2). 197-205. https://doi.org/10.26499/mm.v12i2.1188
Ulfa, M., Dewi, I & Purwati, I. (2018). The shift of Acehnese language: A sociolinguistic study to preserve regional languages. Studies in English Language and Education, 5(2), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v5i2.8943
Uriarte, JR, & Sperlich S. (2021). A behavioural model of minority language shift: Theory and empirical evidence. PLoS One, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252453
Webb, A. (2015). Language shift and death: Major causes and consequences and strategies to address them. UNE. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20686.95046
