THE 50 M FREE STYLE SWIMMING STROKE SPEED IMPROVEMENT BY USING HAND PADDLE SWIM AND PARACHUTE SWIM
Keywords:
hand paddle swim, parachute swim, swimming speed, arm muscles’ power.Abstract
Swimming is the basic ability of every living being. Consciously and unconsciously, we have already done this activity even since we were not born yet. However, once human was born, some of creatures lose their ability to swim. A well-structured training is necessary to emerge one's swimming potential. Currently, there are many Olympiads and competition for swimming. The most common aspect in swimming competition is the speed. In order to obtain the maximum swimming speed, a special training program is essentially needed. This research used hand paddle swim and parachute swim training program to increase arm muscles' power and swimming speed. The result obtained was hand paddle swim and parachute swim training program were able to increase arm muscles' power and swimming speed.
References
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Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Zimek, R., Wiewelhove, T., & Ferrauti, A. (2012). High-intensity interval training vs. repeated-sprint training in tennis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(1), 53-62.
Ferry, B., Lespessailles, E., Rochcongar, P., Duclos, M., & Courteix, D. (2013). Bone health during late adolescence: effects of an 8-month training program on bone geometry in female athletes. Joint Bone Spine, 80(1), 57-63.
Gianoudis, J., Bailey, C. A., Ebeling, P. R., Nowson, C. A., Sanders, K. M., Hill, K., & Daly, R. M. (2014). Effects of a Targeted Multimodal Exercise Program Incorporating High‐Speed Power Training on Falls and Fracture Risk Factors in Older Adults: A Community‐Based Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of bone and mineral research, 29(1), 182-191.
Girold, S., Jalab, C., Bernard, O., Carette, P., Kemoun, G., & Dugué, B. (2012). Dry-land strength training vs. electrical stimulation in sprint swimming performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(2), 497-505.
Gómez, M. M. D., Jaramillo, O. L. B., Teixeira, R. R., & Espindola, F. S. (2013). Salivary surrogates of plasma nitrite and catecholamines during a 21-week training season in swimmers. PloS one, 8(5), e64043.
Harries, S. K., Lubans, D. R., & Callister, R. (2012). Resistance training to improve power and sports performance in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(6), 532-540.
Howells, K., & Fletcher, D. (2015). Sink or swim: adversity-and growth-related experiences in Olympic swimming champions. Psychology of sport and exercise, 16, 37-48.
Jacobs, R. A., Flück, D., Bonne, T. C., Bürgi, S., Christensen, P. M., Toigo, M., & Lundby, C. (2013). Improvements in exercise performance with high-intensity interval training coincide with an increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function. Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(6), 785-793.
Jeong, S., & Yoon, M. (2012). Swimming’s prevention of ovariectomy-induced obesity through activation of skeletal-muscle PPARα. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 22(1), 1-10.
Jorgensen, M. G., Laessoe, U., Hendriksen, C., Nielsen, O. B. F., & Aagaard, P. (2012). Efficacy of Nintendo Wii training on mechanical leg muscle function and postural balance in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68(7), 845-852.
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Kilen, A., Larsson, T. H., Jørgensen, M., Johansen, L., Jørgensen, S., & Nordsborg, N. B. (2014). Effects of 12 weeks high-intensity & reduced-volume training in elite athletes. PloS one, 9(4), e95025.
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Leite, N. C., Ferreira, T. R., Rickli, S., Borck, P. C., Mathias, P. C., Emilio, H. R., & Grassiolli, S. (2013). Glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism in pancreatic islets from MSG-treated obese rats subjected to swimming training. Cellular physiology and biochemistry: international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 31(2-3), 242.
Mero, A. A., Hirvonen, P., Saarela, J., Hulmi, J. J., Hoffman, J. R., & Stout, J. R. (2013). Effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on maximal sprint swimming. Journal of the international society of sports nutrition, 10(1), 52.
Mohr, M., Nordsborg, N. B., Lindenskov, A., Steinholm, H., Nielsen, H. P., Mortensen, J., ... & Krustrup, P. (2014). High-intensity intermittent swimming improves cardiovascular health status for women with mild hypertension. BioMed research international, 2014.
Morouço, P. G., Marinho, D. A., Amaro, N. M., Pérez Turpin, J. A., & Marques, M. C. (2012). Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review.
Motta, V. F., Aguila, M. B., & Mandarim-De-Lacerda, C. A. (2016). High-intensity interval training (swimming) significantly improves the adverse metabolism and comorbidities in diet-induced obese mice. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 56(5), 655-663.
Mountjoy, M., & Junge, A. (2013). The role of International Sport Federations in the protection of the athlete's health and promotion of sport for health of the general population. Br J Sports Med, bjsports-2013.
Mujika, I. (2014). Olympic preparation of a world-class female triathlete. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 9(4), 727-731.
Nakashima, m., Maeda, s., Miwa, t., & Ichikawa, h. (2012). Optimizing Simulation of the Arm Stroke in Crawl Swimming Considering Muscle Strength Characteristics of Athlete Swimmers. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 7(2), 102-117.
Painelli, V. S., Roschel, H., Jesus, F., Sale, C., Harris, R. C., Solis, M. Y., ... & Artioli, G. G. (2013). The ergogenic effect of beta-alanine combined with sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity swimming performance. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism= Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 38(5), 525-532.
Pereira, A., Izquierdo, M., Silva, A. J., Costa, A. M., Bastos, E., González-Badillo, J. J., & Marques, M. C. (2012). Effects of high-speed power training on functional capacity and muscle performance in older women. Experimental gerontology, 47(3), 250-255.
Radu, M., & Sabina, M. (2014). The aquatic enviroment–ways of improving the quality of life for children suffering of diagnosed imperfect osteogenesis (OI). Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 14(2), 460-465.
Rüst, C. A., Knechtle, B., Rosemann, T., & Lepers, R. (2014). The changes in age of peak swim speed for elite male and female Swiss freestyle swimmers between 1994 and 2012. Journal of sports sciences, 32(3), 248-258.
Sadowski, J., Mastalerz, A., Gromisz, W., & Niźnikowski, T. (2012). Effectiveness of the power dry-land training programmes in youth swimmers. Journal of human kinetics, 32, 77-86.
Sayers, S. P., Gibson, K., & Cook, C. R. (2012). Effect of high‐speed power training on muscle performance, function, and pain in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot investigation. Arthritis care & research, 64(1), 46-53.
Shaw, G., Boyd, K. T., Burke, L. M., & Koivisto, A. (2014). Nutrition for swimming. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 24(4), 360-372.
Smith, M. M., Sommer, A. J., Starkoff, B. E., & Devor, S. T. (2013). Crossfit-based high-intensity power training improves maximal aerobic fitness and body composition. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(11), 3159-3172.
Telles, T., Barbosa, A. C., Campos, M. H., & Júnior, O. A. (2011). Effect of hand paddles and parachute on the index of coordination of competitive crawl-strokers. Journal of sports sciences, 29(4), 431-438.
Tor, E., Pease, D., & Ball, K. (2014). Characteristics of an elite swimming start. In Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Conference (Vol. 1, pp. 257-263).
Váczi, M., Tollár, J., Meszler, B., Juhász, I., & Karsai, I. (2013). Short-term high intensity plyometric training program improves strength, power and agility in male soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 36(1), 17-26.
Veliz, R. R., Requena, B., Suarez-Arrones, L., Newton, R. U., & de Villarreal, E. S. (2014). Effects of 18-week in-season heavy-resistance and power training on throwing velocity, strength, jumping, and maximal sprint swim performance of elite male water polo players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(4), 1007-1014.
Zhao, W. W., Pang, X., Peng, J. L., Cao, Z. D., & Fu, S. J. (2012). The effects of hypoxia acclimation, exercise training and fasting on swimming performance in juvenile qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis). Fish physiology and biochemistry, 38(5), 1367-1377.
Bilinauskaite, M., Mantha, V. R., Rouboa, A. I., Ziliukas, P., & Silva, A. J. (2013). Computational fluid dynamics study of swimmer's hand velocity, orientation, and shape: contributions to hydrodynamics. BioMed research international, 2013.
Binnie, M. J., Landers, G., & Peeling, P. (2012). Effect of different warm-up procedures on subsequent swim and overall sprint distance triathlon performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(9), 2438-2446.
Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Sports medicine, 43(5), 313-338.
Cadore, E. L., Casas-Herrero, A., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Idoate, F., Millor, N., Gómez, M., ... & Izquier0pdo, M. (2014). Multicomponent exercises including muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output, and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians. Age, 36(2), 773-785.
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Zimek, R., Wiewelhove, T., & Ferrauti, A. (2012). High-intensity interval training vs. repeated-sprint training in tennis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(1), 53-62.
Ferry, B., Lespessailles, E., Rochcongar, P., Duclos, M., & Courteix, D. (2013). Bone health during late adolescence: effects of an 8-month training program on bone geometry in female athletes. Joint Bone Spine, 80(1), 57-63.
Gianoudis, J., Bailey, C. A., Ebeling, P. R., Nowson, C. A., Sanders, K. M., Hill, K., & Daly, R. M. (2014). Effects of a Targeted Multimodal Exercise Program Incorporating High‐Speed Power Training on Falls and Fracture Risk Factors in Older Adults: A Community‐Based Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of bone and mineral research, 29(1), 182-191.
Girold, S., Jalab, C., Bernard, O., Carette, P., Kemoun, G., & Dugué, B. (2012). Dry-land strength training vs. electrical stimulation in sprint swimming performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(2), 497-505.
Gómez, M. M. D., Jaramillo, O. L. B., Teixeira, R. R., & Espindola, F. S. (2013). Salivary surrogates of plasma nitrite and catecholamines during a 21-week training season in swimmers. PloS one, 8(5), e64043.
Harries, S. K., Lubans, D. R., & Callister, R. (2012). Resistance training to improve power and sports performance in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(6), 532-540.
Howells, K., & Fletcher, D. (2015). Sink or swim: adversity-and growth-related experiences in Olympic swimming champions. Psychology of sport and exercise, 16, 37-48.
Jacobs, R. A., Flück, D., Bonne, T. C., Bürgi, S., Christensen, P. M., Toigo, M., & Lundby, C. (2013). Improvements in exercise performance with high-intensity interval training coincide with an increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function. Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(6), 785-793.
Jeong, S., & Yoon, M. (2012). Swimming’s prevention of ovariectomy-induced obesity through activation of skeletal-muscle PPARα. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 22(1), 1-10.
Jorgensen, M. G., Laessoe, U., Hendriksen, C., Nielsen, O. B. F., & Aagaard, P. (2012). Efficacy of Nintendo Wii training on mechanical leg muscle function and postural balance in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68(7), 845-852.
Keiner, M., Yaghobi, D., Sander, A., Wirth, K., & Hartmann, H. (2015). The influence of maximal strength performance of upper and lower extremities and trunk muscles on different sprint swim performances in adolescent swimmers. Science & Sports, 30(6), e147-e154.
Kilen, A., Larsson, T. H., Jørgensen, M., Johansen, L., Jørgensen, S., & Nordsborg, N. B. (2014). Effects of 12 weeks high-intensity & reduced-volume training in elite athletes. PloS one, 9(4), e95025.
Lakin, R., Notarius, C., Thomas, S., & Goodman, J. (2013). Effects of moderate-intensity aerobic cycling and swim exercise on post-exertional blood pressure in healthy young untrained and triathlon-trained men and women. Clinical Science, 125(12), 543-553.
Leite, N. C., Ferreira, T. R., Rickli, S., Borck, P. C., Mathias, P. C., Emilio, H. R., & Grassiolli, S. (2013). Glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism in pancreatic islets from MSG-treated obese rats subjected to swimming training. Cellular physiology and biochemistry: international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 31(2-3), 242.
Mero, A. A., Hirvonen, P., Saarela, J., Hulmi, J. J., Hoffman, J. R., & Stout, J. R. (2013). Effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on maximal sprint swimming. Journal of the international society of sports nutrition, 10(1), 52.
Mohr, M., Nordsborg, N. B., Lindenskov, A., Steinholm, H., Nielsen, H. P., Mortensen, J., ... & Krustrup, P. (2014). High-intensity intermittent swimming improves cardiovascular health status for women with mild hypertension. BioMed research international, 2014.
Morouço, P. G., Marinho, D. A., Amaro, N. M., Pérez Turpin, J. A., & Marques, M. C. (2012). Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review.
Motta, V. F., Aguila, M. B., & Mandarim-De-Lacerda, C. A. (2016). High-intensity interval training (swimming) significantly improves the adverse metabolism and comorbidities in diet-induced obese mice. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 56(5), 655-663.
Mountjoy, M., & Junge, A. (2013). The role of International Sport Federations in the protection of the athlete's health and promotion of sport for health of the general population. Br J Sports Med, bjsports-2013.
Mujika, I. (2014). Olympic preparation of a world-class female triathlete. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 9(4), 727-731.
Nakashima, m., Maeda, s., Miwa, t., & Ichikawa, h. (2012). Optimizing Simulation of the Arm Stroke in Crawl Swimming Considering Muscle Strength Characteristics of Athlete Swimmers. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 7(2), 102-117.
Painelli, V. S., Roschel, H., Jesus, F., Sale, C., Harris, R. C., Solis, M. Y., ... & Artioli, G. G. (2013). The ergogenic effect of beta-alanine combined with sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity swimming performance. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism= Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 38(5), 525-532.
Pereira, A., Izquierdo, M., Silva, A. J., Costa, A. M., Bastos, E., González-Badillo, J. J., & Marques, M. C. (2012). Effects of high-speed power training on functional capacity and muscle performance in older women. Experimental gerontology, 47(3), 250-255.
Radu, M., & Sabina, M. (2014). The aquatic enviroment–ways of improving the quality of life for children suffering of diagnosed imperfect osteogenesis (OI). Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 14(2), 460-465.
Rüst, C. A., Knechtle, B., Rosemann, T., & Lepers, R. (2014). The changes in age of peak swim speed for elite male and female Swiss freestyle swimmers between 1994 and 2012. Journal of sports sciences, 32(3), 248-258.
Sadowski, J., Mastalerz, A., Gromisz, W., & Niźnikowski, T. (2012). Effectiveness of the power dry-land training programmes in youth swimmers. Journal of human kinetics, 32, 77-86.
Sayers, S. P., Gibson, K., & Cook, C. R. (2012). Effect of high‐speed power training on muscle performance, function, and pain in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot investigation. Arthritis care & research, 64(1), 46-53.
Shaw, G., Boyd, K. T., Burke, L. M., & Koivisto, A. (2014). Nutrition for swimming. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 24(4), 360-372.
Smith, M. M., Sommer, A. J., Starkoff, B. E., & Devor, S. T. (2013). Crossfit-based high-intensity power training improves maximal aerobic fitness and body composition. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(11), 3159-3172.
Telles, T., Barbosa, A. C., Campos, M. H., & Júnior, O. A. (2011). Effect of hand paddles and parachute on the index of coordination of competitive crawl-strokers. Journal of sports sciences, 29(4), 431-438.
Tor, E., Pease, D., & Ball, K. (2014). Characteristics of an elite swimming start. In Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Conference (Vol. 1, pp. 257-263).
Váczi, M., Tollár, J., Meszler, B., Juhász, I., & Karsai, I. (2013). Short-term high intensity plyometric training program improves strength, power and agility in male soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 36(1), 17-26.
Veliz, R. R., Requena, B., Suarez-Arrones, L., Newton, R. U., & de Villarreal, E. S. (2014). Effects of 18-week in-season heavy-resistance and power training on throwing velocity, strength, jumping, and maximal sprint swim performance of elite male water polo players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(4), 1007-1014.
Zhao, W. W., Pang, X., Peng, J. L., Cao, Z. D., & Fu, S. J. (2012). The effects of hypoxia acclimation, exercise training and fasting on swimming performance in juvenile qingbo (Spinibarbus sinensis). Fish physiology and biochemistry, 38(5), 1367-1377.
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Published
2020-07-01
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Chusaini, M., Setijono, H., & Mintarto, E. (2020). THE 50 M FREE STYLE SWIMMING STROKE SPEED IMPROVEMENT BY USING HAND PADDLE SWIM AND PARACHUTE SWIM. JIPES - JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT, 6(01), 7–16. Retrieved from https://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/jipes/article/view/17010
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