The Potential of Activated Carbon from Durian (Durio  Zibenthius) Peel Waste As An Adsorbent Of Oil Spill

Yulyani Nur Azizah; Nur Azizah Dwi Ningrum; Nurhasni

doi:10.21009/JRSKT.112.01

Authors

Yulyani Nur Azizah Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 95, East Ciputat, South Tangerang City, 15412, Banten, Indonesia
Nur Azizah Dwi Ningrum Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 95, East Ciputat, South Tangerang City, 15412, Banten, Indonesia
Nurhasni Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 95, East Ciputat, South Tangerang City, 15412, Banten, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21009/JRSKT.112.01

Keywords:

activated carbon, adsorbent, durian peel, oil spill, seawater

Abstract

Oil exploration activities, such as ship loading and unloading, can lead to oil spills at sea, as can oil spills and tanker collisions. An affordable method for dealing with these spills is adsorption using activated carbon derived from bio-waste, such as durian peel. This study aims to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of durian peel-activated carbon on oil spills. The carbonization of durian peel was carried out at 300 °C and activated with KOH at 5, 20, 35, and 50% (w/v). Durian peel activated carbon with 35% KOH showed the best results for moisture content (5.442%), ash content (4.457%), bound carbon content (72.050%), and iodine adsorption (896.033 mg/g), according to SNI 06-3730-1995. FTIR measurements revealed that KOH activation did not induce significant changes in the wavenumbers of functional groups, but did increase the pore diameter, as confirmed by SEM. Its adsorption efficiency with a batch system on crude oil in simulated and real seawater reached 90.182% and 90.091%, respectively. These results suggest that activated carbon from durian peel has excellent potential as an oil adsorbent. This would increase its utility value and reduce the accumulation of biomass waste.

References

Abel, U. A., Habor, G. R., & Oseribho, O. I. (2020). Adsorption Studies of Oil Spill Clean-up Using Coconut Coir Activated Carbon (CCAC). IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 13(3), 42–56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20200802.11

Amelia, A., Putri, F. A., Widia, Adelia, D., Alkasiyah, & Fabiani, V. A. (2024).4 Synthesis of Porous Carbon Material Propylene Medical Mask as a Adsorbent Heavy Metal Iron (Fe) in Water Ex-Tin Mining Bangka Belitung. Jurnal Kimia Riset, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v9i1.50750

Anggraini, P., Melita, L. N., Susilowati, T., Billah, M., & Saputro, E. A. (2024). Kajian Pemanfaatan Kulit Ari Kedelai dan Kulit Durian sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Biobriket. Jurnal Ilmiah GIGA, 27(1), 13–22.

Azizah, Y. N., & Rachman, F. (2023). Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Lampung Natural Zeolite Functionalized Mercapto-Silane. EduChemia, 8(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.30870/educhemia.v8i1.18514

Buakamsri, T. (2022, February 3). Oil Pollution at Sea: The Fossil Fuel Industry’s Liability. Greenpeace. https://www.greenpeace.org/southeastasia/story/45124/thailands-oil-pollution-at-sea-the-fossil-fuel-industrys-liability/

Chandra, T. C., Mirna, M. M., Sunarso, J., Sudaryanto, Y., & Ismadji, S. (2009). Activated carbon from durian shell: Preparation and characterization. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 40(4), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2008.10.002

Erlina, Umiatin, & Budi, E. (2015). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Larutan Koh Pada Karbon Aktif Tempurung Kelapa Untuk Adsorpsi Logam Cu. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika (E-Journal) SNF2015, IV, 55–60.

Febriansyah, B., Chairul, & Yenti, S. R. (2015). Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Dari Kulit Durian Sebagai Adsorbent Logam Fe. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau, 2(2), 1.

Ferdian, M. A., Perdana, R. G., & Rahardjo, P. P. (2022). Pemurnian Minyak Jelantah dengan Metode Adsorbsi Menggunakan Ampas Tebu. Jurnal Agroindustri Halal, 8(2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.30997/jah.v8i2.4713

Hanum, F., Gultom, R. J., & Simanjuntak, M. (2017). Adsorpsi Zat Warna Metilen Biru dengan Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Durian Menggunakan KOH dan NaOH Sebagai Aktivator. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 6(1), 49–55.

Hayu, L. D. R., Nasra, E., Azhar, M., & Etika, S. B. (2021). Adsorpsi Zat Warna Methylene Blue Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.). Chemistry Journal of Universitas Negeri Padang, 10(2), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.24036/p.v11i1.113349

Irnameria, D. (2020). Karakterisasi Karbon Aktif Dari Limbah Kulit Durian Pada Suhu Karbonisasi 300 °C Menggunakan Zat Aktivator Natrium Hidroksida Dan Asam Sulfat. Journal of Nursing and Public Health, 8(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.37676/jnph.v8i1.1009

Karume, I., Bbumba, S., Tewolde, S., Mukasa, I. Z. T., & Ntale, M. (2023). Impact of carbonization conditions and adsorbate nature on the performance of activated carbon in water treatment. BMC Chemistry, 17(162), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-023-01091-1

Lazim, Z. M., Hadibarata, T., Puteh, M. H., Yusop, Z., Wirasnita, R., & Mohd Nor, N. (2015). Utilization of durian peel as potential adsorbent for bisphenol a removal in aquoeus solution. Jurnal Teknologi, 74(11), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v74.4879

Legiso, Susanto, T., Ramadhan, M. B., Roni, K. A., Dwi, W. L., & Farida. (2020). Activation Of Activated Carbon From Durian Skin As A Waste Adsorbent From Laundry Activities. Majalah BIAM, 16(02), 58–63.

Lestari, D., & Nasra, E. (2022). Preparasi Karbon Aktif Kulit Durian dengan Aktivator NaOH serta Penyerapannya terhadap Logam Berat Pb(II). Chemistry Journal of Universitas Negeri Padang, 11(2), 50–55. http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/kimia

Li, X., Zhang, L., Yang, Z., Wang, P., Yan, Y., & Ran, J. (2019). Adsorption materials for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the key factors for VOCs adsorption process: A review. Separation and Purification Technology, 235, 116213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116213

Lubis, R. A. F., Nasution, H. I., & Zubir, M. (2020). Production of Activated Carbon from Natural Sources for Water Purification. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology, 3(2), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v3i2.19531

Maulina, S., & Iriansyah, M. (2018). Characteristics of activated carbon resulting from the pyrolysis of oil palm frond powder. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 309(1), 012072. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/309/1/012072

Noviasari, R., Yusmaniar, & Rahman, A. (2017). Sintesis Komposit Silika Gel dari Sekam Padi-3-Aminopropiltrietoksisilan (APTES) dengan Karbon Aktif dari Tempurung Kelapa dan Uji Adsorpsi Terhadap Logam Cd (II). Jurnal Riset Sains Dan Kimia Terapan, 7(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.21009/JRSKT.071.06

Nsi, E. W., Akpakpan, A. E., Ekwere, I. O., & Udoh, D. P. (2017). Equilibrium and isotherm studies on the adsorption of methylene blue and malachite green by activated carbon prepared from irvingia gabonensis seed shells. International Journal of Ecological Science and Environmental Engineering, 4(5), 72–77.

Panda, H., Tiadi, N., Mohanty, M., & Mohanty, C. R. (2017). Studies on adsorption behavior of an industrial waste for removal of chromium from aqueous solution. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 23, 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2017.05.002

Ridhayanti, S. A., & Rusmini. (2020). Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Dari Limbah Kulit Durian Sebagai Adsorben Limbah Industri Tahu Di Daerah Sepanjang, Sidoarjo. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia, 4(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.32493/jitk.v4i1.3842

Rios, J. Y., Bimantio, M. P., & Ruswanto, A. (2024). Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Berbahan Pelepah Kelapa Sawit sebagai Adsorben Pemurnian Biodiesel dari Minyak Curah. BIOFOODTECH : Journal of Bioenergy and Food Technology, 3(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.55180/biofoodtech.v3i1.803

Rofikoh, V., Zaman, B., & Samadikun, B. P. (2024). Penyisihan BOD, Minyak Dan Lemak Dalam Air Limbah Domestik Dengan Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Dari Kulit Pisang. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 23(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.23.1.59-66

Sastrawidana, I. D. K. (2022). Studi Efisiensi dan Isoterm Adsorpsi Remazol Black B Menggunakan Karbon dari Tempurung Kelapa yang Diaktivasi. Wahana Matematika Dan Sains: Jurnal Matematika, Sains Dan Pembelajarannya, 16(1), 1–11.

Setiawan, S. R. D., & Jatmiko, B. P. (2018, April 10). Tumpahan Minyak di Balikpapan Ditaksir Capai 40.000 Barrel. Kompas. https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2018/04/10/170400426/tumpahan-minyak-di-balikpapan-ditaksir-capai-40.000-barrel

Sharma, K., Shah, G., Singh, H., Bhatt, U., Singhal, K., & Soni, V. (2024). Advancements in natural remediation management techniques for oil spills: Challenges, innovations, and future directions. Environmental Pollution and Management, 1, 128–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epm.2024.08.003

Sugiharto, A., Hoyali, I., Ghifari, A. F. A., & Nabilla, T. H. (2020). Effect of Contact Time of Rice Husk Ash and Poly Aluminum Chloride to Reduce the Concentration of Rhodamin B Dyes Using the Adsorption-Fluidization Method. CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 7(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.26555/chemica.v7i1.16529

Suhas, Gupta, V. K., Carrott, P. J. M., Singh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Kushwaha, S. (2016). Cellulose: A review as natural, modified and activated carbon adsorbent. Bioresource Technology, 216, 1066–1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.106

Tambun, R., Haryanto, B., Alexander, V., Manurung, D. R., & Ritonga, A. P. (2024). Durian peel (Durio zibethinus) utilization as an adsorbent in the purification of acidified crude glycerol. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 49, 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2024.05.002

Ubaidillah, M., & Ramadhan, B. (2020, August 18). Tumpahan Minyak Buat Biota Laut di Kepulauan Seribu Mati. Republika. https://news.republika.co.id/berita/qf9eav330/tumpahan-minyak-buat-biota-laut-di-kepulauan-seribu-mati

Yuwita, P. E., Rohmah, R., & Efendi, Moh. M. (2024). Synthesis and Characterization of used Oil Bio-Adsorbent Material based on Corn Husk Activated Carbon. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Teknologi, 10(1), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v10i1.6843

Zain, F. M., & Belarminus, R. (2022, June 30). Ini kata DLH Soal Dampak Tumpahan Minyak Mentah di Perairan CIlacap. Kompas. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/06/30/115702378/ini-kata-dlh-soal-dampak-tumpahan-minyak-mentah-di-perairan-cilacap#google_vignette