Sosiologi Digital: Analisis Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Dinamika Identitas dan Toleransi dalam Masyarakat Multikultural Indonesia

Abstract

The rapid development of social media has transformed patterns of interaction and the social structure of Indonesian society, which is characterized by complex multiculturalism. This study aims to critically examine how the digital space, particularly social media, influences the process of social identity formation and intergroup tolerance. The approach employed involves a literature review and secondary data analysis from national digital reports, which recorded approximately 139 million social media users in Indonesia at the beginning of 2024, as well as surveys regarding the sense of safety in online expression. The findings reveal that social media serves as a new arena for digital identity expression and intergroup dialogue, yet it also generates tendencies toward identity fragmentation and a sense of insecurity that hinder cross-group interaction. The discussion highlights that the dynamics of identity and tolerance in the digital world are not merely technological but are also shaped by platform algorithms, online cultures, and the social structures of plural societies. This study recommends enhancing inclusive digital literacy, designing diversity-friendly platforms, and implementing regulations that promote tolerant social interactions within pluralistic communities.