PEMANTAUAN ANOMALI TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT (TEC) BERKAITAN DENGAN KEJADIAN GEMPABUMI DI SEKITAR WILAYAH JAWA TAHUN 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/SPEKTRA.0102.01Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian tentang prekursor gempabumi yang terintegrasi melalui pengamatan parameter seismik, elektromagnetik, geokimia, geoatmosferik serta parameter ionosfer telah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan tanda-tanda awal sebelum gempabumi kuat di Indonesia. Salah satu yang sedang dikembangkan saat ini adalah pemantauan parameter Total Electron Content (TEC) dari data Global Ionosphere Map (GIM). Makalah ini menyajikan hasil-hasil pemantauan anomali TEC yang berkaitan dengan gempabumi magnitude M > 5 di sekitar wilayah Jawa selama tahun 2015. Pemantauan TEC dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode korelasi data TEC GIM hingga diperoleh perbandingan simpangan koefisien korelasi (skk) dengan deviasi standar simpangan koefisien korelasi (dskk) di dekat episenter gempabumi. Ambang batas anomali TEC merujuk pada penelitian sebelumnya yaitu -1. Apabila nilai skk/dskk < -1 maka diklasifikasikan sebagai anomali TEC. Data Disturbance storm time index (Dst indeks) dipergunakan untuk mengevaluasi adanya kaitan aktivitas badai geomagnetik dengan anomali TEC. Hasil pemantauan menunjukkan munculnya anomali TEC pada sebagian besar kasus gempabumi yang menjadi obyek penelitian. Dengan hanya mempertimbangkan pengamatan parameter TEC dan indeks Dst, anomali-anomali tersebut dapat diklasifikan sebagai prekursor gempabumi terdeteksi dan prekursor gempabumi / efek badai geomagnet terdeteksi.
Kata kunci : TEC, GIM, indeks Dst, prekursor, gempabumi.
Abstract
Research on integrated earthquake precursors through observation of seismic, electromagnetic, geochemical, geoatmosferic and ionospheric parameters has been conducted to obtain early signs before great earthquakes in Indonesia. One method being developed is Total Electron Content (TEC) monitoring from the Global Ionosphere Map (GIM). This paper presented TEC anomalies monitoring associated with earthquakes having magnitude M > 5 around Java during 2015. TEC monitoring was done by applying TEC GIM data correlation method to get ratio of correlation coefficient deviation (skk) to standard deviation of correlation coefficient deviation (dskk) near earthquake epicenters. TEC anomaly threshold referred to the previous study is - 1. If skk/dskk values were < - 1, they can be classified as TEC anomalies. Disturbance storm time index (Dst index) data were used to evaluate links between geomagnetic storm activities and TEC anomalies. The monitoring results indicated appear of TEC anomalies in most earthquakes which became the objects of research. By only considering the observation of TEC parameters and Dst index, such anomalies can be classified as detected earthquake precursors and detected earthquake precursors / geomagnetic storm effects.
Keywords : TEC, GIM, Dst index, precursor, earthquake.
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