PELANGGARAN EKSPEKTASI KOMUNIKASI DALAM NEGOSIASI BISNIS INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/communicology.041.01Abstract
This study aims to understand the evaluation of communication expectancy violations in international business negotiations in Indonesia. By utilizing the Expectancy Violation Theory (EVT) coined by Judee K. Burgoon (1976) as the primary theoretical reference, this study will explore the forming of communication expectancy as well as the evaluation process undertaken when those communication expectancies are violated within the context of international business negotiations. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach to understand the formation of expectancies and the process of evaluating expectancy violations within the business negotiation context through the lenses of experiences of Indonesian negotiators of the same industry. This strategy is hoped to provide details of the aforementioned process so then this phenomenon can be understood and new arising factors can be identified. The findings of the research indicate that the goal of negotiation and the negotiator’s social motives have become the main moderator in the evaluation of expectancy violations in the negotiation context, both in the event of ambiguous communication behaviors and when an expectation is negatively violated. This differs to EVT’s proposition stating that communicator reward valence is the main moderator in the evaluation process. This study also proposed a model of expectancy violation evaluation within the negotiation context that was never discussed before in previous literature.
Key words: communication expectancy, expectancy violations, interpersonal communication, negotiation, international business negotiations
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses evaluasi pelanggaran ekspektasi komunikasi dalam negosiasi bisnis internasional di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan Expectancy Violation Theory (EVT) oleh Judee K. Burgoon (1976) sebagai rujukan teoritis utama akan dieksplorasi bagaimana proses pembentukan ekspektasi komunikasi negosiator serta proses evaluasi yang dilakukan pada saat ekspektasi komunikasi tersebut dilanggar dalam konteks negosiasi bisnis internasional. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk memahami pembentukan ekspektasi dan proses evaluasi pelanggaran ekspektasi dalam konteks negosiasi melalui pengalaman para negosiator berkebangsaan Indonesia yang telah berpengalaman melakukan negosiasi bisnis internasional. Dengan strategi ini diharapkan dapat terungkap detail proses tersebut, sehingga dapat dipahami dan diindentifikasi faktor-faktor baru yang muncul ketika proses evaluasi pelanggaran ekspektasi dilakukan dalam konteks tersebut. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam konteks negosiasi bisnis, tujuan negosiasi menjadi moderator utama dalam proses evaluasi pelanggaran ekspektasi, baik pada saat terjadi prilaku komunikasi yang ambigu, maupun saat terjadi pelanggaran ekspektasi secara negatif. Hal ini berbeda dengan apa yang disebutkan dalam EVT bahwa kadar nilai komunikator menjadi moderator utama dalam proses evaluasi. Dari temuan hasil penelitian ini diajukan juga model evaluasi pelanggaran harapan dalam konteks negosiasi.
Kata kunci: ekspektasi komunikasi, pelanggaran ekspektasi, komunikasi interpersonal, negosiasi, negosiasi bisnis internasional
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