Peran Green Finance dalam Mendukung Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Financing constraints remain a major barrier to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly when public budgets cannot fully meet investment needs for climate action, environmental protection, and social development. This study examines the role of green finance in advancing the SDGs and proposes an implementation framework for Indonesia. An integrative literature review was conducted using 20 scholarly publications and policy documents issued between 2019 and 2026. The sources were thematically analysed according to financing instruments, contribution pathways, governance, and implementation risks. The synthesis shows that green finance contributes by mobilising capital for clean energy and sustainable infrastructure, integrating environmental risk into financial decisions, establishing standards through taxonomies and disclosure, and expanding instruments such as green bonds, transition finance, and impact investment. Direct contributions primarily relate to SDGs 7, 9, 11, 12, and 13, while indirect effects extend to poverty reduction, decent work, health, clean water, and ecosystem protection. Effectiveness is constrained by greenwashing, inconsistent classifications, limited data quality, transaction costs, and the potential exclusion of small enterprises. In Indonesia, implementation requires alignment with the Indonesia Taxonomy for Sustainable Finance, stronger disclosure and impact measurement, blended finance, and capacity development. Green finance can become an effective SDG accelerator when environmental and social additionality is verifiable and financial prudence is maintained.