Corrections and Retractions

Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur is committed to maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the scholarly record. When errors, ethical problems, or misconduct come to light in a published article, the journal corrects the record openly through formal notices. This policy explains:

the types of notices the journal uses;
how authors withdraw a manuscript before publication;
the step-by-step procedures for corrections and retractions;
how to submit a request, with ready-to-use letter templates.

It follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines. It should be read together with the journal’s Post-publication Discussions and Corrections and Research Misconduct policies.

Guiding principles. (1) The version of record is never altered silently. (2) Corrections and retractions aim to correct the literature, not to punish authors. (3) Honest error is clearly distinguished from misconduct. (4) Authors are always consulted, but the final decision rests with the editors. (5) Every notice is public, citable, permanently linked to the original article, and communicated to indexing services.

Part 1. Withdrawal before Publication

Authors may withdraw a manuscript at any stage before acceptance by sending a written request to the editor, signed or confirmed by all authors and stating the reasons. A manuscript is considered withdrawn only after the editor confirms the withdrawal in writing. Until then, it must not be submitted to another journal.
Withdrawal after acceptance is allowed only for compelling reasons, such as a serious error discovered by the authors or an ethical problem. It requires the editor’s approval.
An article published online (including as Online First) cannot be withdrawn. It can be corrected or retracted only through the procedures below.
If the editors suspect misconduct, they may continue to handle the case under the Research Misconduct policy even after the manuscript has been withdrawn.

Part 2. Types of Notices

The published version of record is final. Articles are not altered silently after publication. Every change that affects the content, interpretation, or citation of an article is made through one of the formal notices below. Each notice has a clear title (e.g., “Correction to: …”), its own DOI, two-way links with the original article, and is indexed. The original article is kept online with a visible note pointing to the notice.

2.1 Erratum (publisher’s correction)

When: a significant error introduced by the journal during copyediting, typesetting, or publication, such as wrong author names, affiliations, figures, tables, or metadata.
Action: the article file and metadata are corrected and an erratum notice is published. The notice describes what was wrong and what has been corrected.

2.2 Corrigendum (author’s correction)

When: a significant error made by the authors that affects the scholarly record but does not invalidate the main findings or conclusions. Examples include an incorrect data value, table, figure, or reference; an omitted funding source or conflict of interest; or a wrong affiliation.
Not covered: minor errors that do not affect understanding or citation (e.g., spelling, punctuation, or formatting). These are normally not corrected.
If the error invalidates the conclusions, retraction (3.5) is considered instead. Where the authors made an honest error and can present corrected, valid findings, a retraction with replacement may be considered.

2.3 Changes to authorship

Requests to add, remove, or reorder authors after publication must give the reasons, be signed by all authors (including any author being removed), and be supported by the CRediT contribution statement. The change is published as a corrigendum.
If the authors disagree, the journal does not resolve the dispute itself. It follows COPE guidance and refers the matter to the authors’ institution(s); the article is not changed until the dispute is resolved.
Name changes for personal reasons (e.g., marriage or gender transition) are made on request. If the author prefers, this is done discreetly, without a public notice, and the metadata are updated with Crossref.

2.4 Expression of concern

When: serious doubts exist about the reliability or integrity of an article, but the evidence is inconclusive, the authors’ institution will not investigate, or an investigation is ongoing and will take time.
Action: a notice is published that explains the concern without drawing premature conclusions. Once the matter is resolved, it is followed by a correction or retraction, or by an update stating that the concern has been resolved.

2.5 Retraction

When:

the findings are unreliable because of major error or misconduct (fabrication or falsification);
plagiarism or redundant publication;
unethical research, or use of data without authorisation;
compromised peer review;
failure to disclose a major conflict of interest that would have affected the editorial decision.

Who: the authors may request a retraction, or the editors may start one. The editors make the final decision. Where possible, the wording of the notice is agreed with the authors, but the editors may retract without the authors’ agreement.
Action:

the article remains online, with every page watermarked “RETRACTED”;
the metadata are updated;
a retraction notice is published, stating the reason, who initiated the retraction, and whether misconduct was found, while distinguishing honest error from misconduct.

2.6 Removal

When: only in exceptional cases, where the article is clearly defamatory, infringes others’ legal rights, is subject to a court order, or poses a serious risk to the safety of participants or the public if acted upon (for example, identifiable personal data).
Action: the full text is removed, and the title, authors, DOI, and a notice explaining the legal or safety reason remain online.

Part 3. Choosing the Right Action

Situation	Action
A minor error that does not affect meaning or citation (typo, formatting)	No notice
A significant error introduced by the journal	Erratum
A significant error by the authors; conclusions remain valid	Corrigendum
Serious concerns, but the evidence is inconclusive or an investigation is ongoing	Expression of concern
An honest error that invalidates the conclusions, but corrected valid findings exist	Retraction with replacement
Unreliable findings, plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research, or compromised peer review	Retraction
Defamation, legal infringement, a court order, or a serious safety risk	Removal

Part 4. Step-by-Step Procedure for Corrections

Request. The corresponding author (on behalf of all authors) or any reader emails the editorial office with the subject line “Correction request – [article DOI]”. The email should include:

the article title and DOI;
the exact location of the error (page, paragraph, line, table, or figure);
the wrong text and the proposed corrected text;
an explanation of how the error arose and whether it affects the results or conclusions;
for author requests, a statement that all co-authors agree.

Acknowledgement. The editorial office confirms receipt within 7 working days.
Assessment. The editor checks the significance of the error and its effect on the findings, consulting the authors and, if needed, the original reviewers or an independent expert. The editor decides on the type of notice: no action, erratum, corrigendum, expression of concern, or retraction.
Drafting the notice. The editorial office drafts the notice in plain, factual language. It cites the original article in full, describes the error, and gives the correction. Authors approve the wording of a corrigendum, normally within 14 days.
Production. The notice is typeset, given a DOI, and published online. For an erratum or corrigendum, a corrected version of the article may be uploaded, with a note on its first page giving the date and nature of the correction.
Linking and indexing. The notice and the original article are linked in both directions. Metadata are deposited with Crossref (including Crossmark status updates where available) and shared with the indexing databases that cover the journal.
Issue inclusion. The notice is included in the next available issue and listed in its table of contents.
Closure. All parties are informed. Corrections and retractions are normally completed within 60 days of the decision; integrity cases may take longer if they depend on institutional investigations.

Part 5. Step-by-Step Procedure for Retractions

Trigger. A retraction may follow a request from the authors, a finding from an institutional investigation, the outcome of the journal’s assessment under the Research Misconduct policy, or a notification from another journal or publisher.
Assessment. The editors review the evidence. Where needed, they consult independent experts, the editorial board, or COPE, and they decide whether retraction is the proportionate response or whether a correction or expression of concern is more appropriate.
Consultation with the authors. The editor informs all authors of the intended retraction, explains the reasons, and invites their response within 30 days. Where possible, the wording of the notice is agreed with the authors. If the authors do not respond or do not agree, the editors may proceed, and the notice will state the authors’ position.
Decision. The Editor-in-Chief makes the final decision and documents its basis.
Retraction notice. The notice is titled “Retraction: [article title]” and includes:

the full citation of the retracted article;
who requested the retraction;
a clear reason, distinguishing honest error from misconduct;
whether the authors agree.

The notice is objective and factual and contains no defamatory statements. It is freely accessible.

Marking the article. The retracted article remains online, with a “RETRACTED” watermark on every page of the PDF and a clear label on the HTML/landing page. The article page links to the retraction notice, and the metadata are updated.
Registration and indexing.

The notice receives its own DOI and is registered with Crossref, including Crossmark updates where available.
It is reported to the indexing databases that cover the journal.
It is included in the next issue.

Communication. The authors, the person who raised the concern, and (where relevant) the authors’ institutions and funders are informed.
Timing. A retraction is published as soon as possible, normally within 30 days of the decision.

Part 6. Model Wording for Notices

Corrigendum. “Correction to: [Authors] ([Year]). [Title]. Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur, [Vol]([Issue]), [pages]. https://doi.org/[DOI]. In the original article, [description of the error]. The correct [text/value/figure] is: [correction]. This correction does not change the findings or conclusions of the article. The authors apologise for the error.”

Expression of concern. “The editors of Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur are issuing this expression of concern regarding [citation] because [concern]. [The authors’ institution has been asked to investigate / An investigation is ongoing.] Readers are advised to interpret the article with caution until further notice.”

Retraction. “The following article has been retracted at the request of [the authors / the editors]: [citation]. Following [an investigation / information provided by …], [reason, e.g., substantial overlap with a previously published article without attribution]. [The authors agree / do not agree / did not respond to] this retraction.”

Part 7. How to Submit a Request

7.1 Who may submit

Correction (corrigendum) or retraction requested by the authors: the corresponding author, on behalf of and with the written agreement of all co-authors.
Withdrawal of a manuscript under review: the corresponding author, with the agreement of all co-authors.
Report of an error or concern in a published article: anyone, including readers, reviewers, institutions, and other editors.

7.2 Channel

By email to the editorial office, addressed to the Editor-in-Chief and using the subject lines below.
Through OJS: if the manuscript is still in the workflow, log in, open the submission, and send a message to the editor through Discussions (“Add discussion”). Attach the request letter.

Request	Email subject line
Withdrawal of a submitted manuscript	Withdrawal request – [Submission ID] – [short title]
Correction of a published article	Correction request – [DOI]
Retraction requested by the authors	Retraction request – [DOI]
Report of an error or concern by a reader	Error/concern report – [DOI]

7.3 Required documents and information

The submission ID (for manuscripts) or the full citation and DOI (for published articles).
A request letter signed by the corresponding author, or a scanned signed letter, and the written agreement of every co-author. A copy of each co-author’s confirmation email is acceptable.
For corrections:

the exact location of the error (page, paragraph, line, table, or figure);
the incorrect text;
the corrected text;
the cause of the error;
whether it affects the findings or conclusions.

For corrections to tables or figures: the corrected table (in Word) or figure (at least 300 dpi).
For retractions: a clear explanation of the reason and any supporting evidence, such as institutional findings or a description of the error.
For reader reports: specific evidence, such as overlapping passages with their sources, data comparisons, or documents.

7.4 Request letter templates

(a) Withdrawal of a submitted manuscript

To: Editor-in-Chief, Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur Subject: Withdrawal request – [Submission ID] – [short title] Dear Editor-in-Chief, On behalf of all authors, I request the withdrawal of our manuscript entitled “[title]” (Submission ID: [ID]), submitted on [date]. Reason for withdrawal: [state the reason clearly, e.g., a significant error found in the data analysis]. All co-authors ([names]) have agreed to this withdrawal; their confirmations are attached. We understand that the manuscript is withdrawn only after written confirmation from the journal, and we will not submit it elsewhere before then. Sincerely, [Name], Corresponding Author [Affiliation] | [Email] | [ORCID] [Date and signature]

(b) Correction of a published article

To: Editor-in-Chief, Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur Subject: Correction request – [DOI] Dear Editor-in-Chief, On behalf of all authors, I request a correction to our article: [Authors] ([Year]). [Title]. Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur, [Vol]([Issue]), [pages]. https://doi.org/[DOI] 1. Location of the error: [page, paragraph, line / Table X / Figure X] 2. Incorrect text: “[...]” 3. Correct text: “[...]” 4. Cause of the error: [...] 5. Effect on findings/conclusions: [none / explain] All co-authors have agreed to this request (confirmations attached). Sincerely, [Name], Corresponding Author [Affiliation] | [Email] | [ORCID] [Date and signature]

(c) Retraction requested by the authors

To: Editor-in-Chief, Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur Subject: Retraction request – [DOI] Dear Editor-in-Chief, On behalf of all authors, I request the retraction of our article: [full citation and DOI] Reason: [describe the problem, e.g., a coding error in the dataset that invalidates the main findings; or an overlap with a previous publication]. Nature of the problem: [honest error / other – explain]. Supporting evidence: [attached documents, e.g., corrected analysis, institutional letter]. Corrected version available: [yes – we request retraction with replacement / no]. All co-authors have agreed to this request (confirmations attached). Sincerely, [Name], Corresponding Author [Affiliation] | [Email] | [ORCID] [Date and signature]

7.5 What happens after you submit

You receive an acknowledgement with a case number within 7 working days.
The editor assesses the request and may ask for further information or documents.
You are informed of the decision and the proposed type of notice.
For corrigenda, you approve the wording and the corrected file. For retractions, you may comment on the notice.
The notice is published, and you receive the link and DOI.

Part 8. How Notices Appear to Readers

On the article page: a clearly visible label (e.g., “Corrected”, “Expression of Concern”, “Retracted”) with a link to the notice. The publication history shows the dates of the original publication and of each change.
In the PDF:

a corrected article has a note on its first page giving the date and nature of the correction;
a retracted article has a “RETRACTED” watermark on every page;
the original version remains accessible for transparency where appropriate.

In the issue: every notice is listed in the table of contents of the next available issue under “Corrections” or “Retractions”.
In metadata and indexes: each notice has its own DOI. Notices are linked through Crossref (including Crossmark where available) and reported to the indexing databases, so that the status of the article is visible wherever it is cited.

Part 9. Timeline Summary

Stage	Target time
Acknowledgement of a request or report	7 working days
Assessment and decision (corrections)	30 days
Author approval of the corrigendum wording	14 days
Publication of a correction after approval	14 days
Authors’ response to an intended retraction	30 days
Publication of a retraction after the decision	30 days
Overall completion (excluding institutional investigations)	within 60 days

Part 10. Frequently Asked Questions

Can I simply upload a corrected file myself? No. Published files can be changed only by the journal, through a formal notice.

Will a correction harm my reputation? No. Promptly correcting an honest error is good research practice and is viewed positively.

Can a retracted article still be cited? It remains visible, but anyone citing it should state that it has been retracted.

Is there a fee for corrections or retractions? No.

What if co-authors disagree? The editors will not act on a request that lacks the agreement of all authors, unless there is clear evidence of error or misconduct. Disputes are referred to the authors’ institutions, following COPE guidance.

Can I republish a withdrawn manuscript elsewhere? Yes, once the journal has confirmed the withdrawal in writing, unless the withdrawal was connected to misconduct.

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