Development e-module through problem-based learning on ecosystem concepts to improve environmental literacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.63603Keywords:
Biology education, Environmental literacy, E-module, PBLAbstract
This study developed an e-module based on problem-based learning (PBL) on ecosystem materials to enhance environmental literacy using the 3D model. The research novelty lies in the systematic integration of environmental literacy indicators directly into the PBL syntax, synchronizing ecosystem problem-solving with ecological knowledge. The development progressed through define, design, and development stages, involving rigorous competency analysis, interactive storyboarding, and expert validation. Results demonstrated an overall feasibility score of 74.8% (feasible), with the material expert rating it at 66.6% (Feasible) and the media expert at 83.3% (very Feasible). Based on these findings, it is recommended that educators utilize this e-module as a supplementary tool to foster environmental awareness. Furthermore, future development should refine the material depth by incorporating recent local ecological data and expanding into the Dissemination stage through large-scale field testing to measure long-term behavioral impacts. This digital-interactive approach effectively bridges abstract biological concepts with real-world environmental challenges for students.
References
Astuti, D. N., Wigati, I., & Asnilawati. (2023). Pengembangan e-modul sistem peredaran darah berbasis gender untuk kelas VIII MTS. Jurnal Penelitian, Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran (JPPP), 4(2), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.30596/jppp.v4i2.15774
Auria, A., P, D. A. R., Simbolon, N. W., Wulan, E. N., & Sasalia, S. P. (2025). Pengembangan penggunaan media 3D sketch up dalam mendukung pembelajaran matematika yang efektif. Jurnal Basicedu, 9(4), 956–965. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v9i4.10014 ISSN
Ayubi, M., Arthamena, V. D., Ikhsan, J., Rosa, Y. H. E., & Ash-Shiddiqi, M. H. (2025). The effect of the problem-based learning (pbl) model with a stem approach on collaboration skills. Internasional Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 9(3), 397–415. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.633
Cebrero, J. D. (2025). 21st century skills and science achievement among secondary school students : A systematic review. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 22(2), 248–268. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2025.013
Chatzidaki, E., Giannakos, M., Tasiopoulou, E., Caraghiozov, I., Mentini, L., Laneve, S., Mavromanolakis, G., Koulouris, P., & Liakopoulos, V. (2026). Learning ecologies as an inclusive impactful approach to increasing science literacy. Societal Impacts, 7(November 2025), 100156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socimp.2025.100156
Daud, A. N. M., Gani, A. R. A., & Sarwanto. (2025). Development of online problem-based learning module for impulsive force subtopic of physics form four. MOJET: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 13(3), 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/mojet.2025.13.3.580
Daud, A., Supriusman, S., Rozalinda, R., Harfal, Z., Suryani, A., Nabilla, O., & Thahirah, Z. (2022). The Development of Interactive E-Module Using Flipbookmaker for English Structure Learning at an Indonesian University. Ta’dib, 25(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.31958/jt.v25i2.7501
Diana, N., Karyanto, P., Sudarisman, S., & Indriyati. (2015). The Application of E-Module Based on Problem-Based Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Ability and Reduce Misconception on Ecology Material in the Students of X MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta in the School Year Of 2014/2015. Seminar Nasional XII Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS 2015: Biologi, Sains, Lingkungan, Dan Pembelajarannya, 242–247. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/prosbi/article/view/6758
Febriana, R. S., Miranti, M. G., Sutiadiningsih, A., & Widagdo, A. K. (2024). Pengembangan e-modul berbasis stem pada materi choux paste untuk siswa jurusan kuliner. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(3), 1971–1979. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i3.2478
Firdaus, R., & Pahlevi, T. (2022). The Development of Problem-Based Learning E-Modules on Correspondence Materials. JINOTEP (Jurnal Inovasi Dan Teknologi Pembelajaran): Kajian Dan Riset Dalam Teknologi Pembelajaran, 9(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.17977/um031v9i22022p145
Hariyanto, B., Mz, I., & Su, W. (2022). 4D model learning device development method of the physical geography field work guidance book. MATEC Web of Conference 372, 05008, 0–3. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237205008
Haul, S., Narut, Y. F., & Nardi, M. (2021). Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan Di Sekolah Dasar ( the Implementation of Environmental Awareness Character Education in Elementary Schools ). Literasi Pendidikan Dasar, 2(1), 66. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/408785/implementasi-pendidikan-karakter-peduli-lingkungan-di-sekolah-dasar
Hidayat, R., & Abdillah. (2019). Ilmu Pendidikan Konsep, Teori dan Aplikasinya. Buku Umum dan Perguruan Tinggi.
Irmita, L., & Atun, S. (2018). The influence of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) approach on science literacy and social skills. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 15(3), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.12973/tused.10235a
Kadir, N. A. H., Mardin, H., Hasan, A. M., Baderan, D. E. K., Nusantari, E., Hamidun, M. S., & Husain, I. H. (2024a). Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Aplikasi Canva pada Materi Perubahan Lingkungan Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Telaga Biru. Biogenerasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 10(1), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v10i1.4533
Kadir, N. A. H., Mardin, H., Hasan, A. M., Baderan, D. W. K., Nusantari, E., Hamidun, M. S., & Husain, I. H. (2024b). Pengembangan e-module berbasis problem-based learning (PBL) berbantuan aplikasi canva pada materi perubahan lingkungan kelas x di SMA Negeri 1 Telaga Biru. Biogenerasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 10(1), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v10i1.4533
Kautsari, M., Hairida, Rasmawan, R., & Ulfah, M. (2022). Pengembangan e-modul berbasis problem-based learning pada materi zat adiktif. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(6), 8116–8130. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i6.3850
Kaya, V. H., & Elster, D. (2018). German students’ environmental literacy in science education based on PISA data. Science Education International, 29(2), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.33828/sei.v29.i2.2
Kusumasari, V., Chandra, T. D., Muksar, M., & Rahardi, R. (2022). Pengembangan e-modul berbasis problem based learning untuk mendukung pembelajaran daring dengan flipped classroom. Prisma, 5, 195–201. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/prisma/article/view/54109
Lestari, H., Setiawan, W., & Siskandar, R. (2020). Science Literacy Ability of Elementary Students Through Nature of Science-based Learning with the Utilization of the Ministry of Education and Culture’s “Learning House.” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 6(2), 215. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i2.410
Li, L., Liu, Y., Peng, Z., Liao, M., Lu, L., Liao, H., & Li, H. (2020). Peer relationships , motivation , self-efficacy , and science literacy in ethnic minority adolescents in China : A moderated mediation model ☆. Children and Youth Services Review, 119(July), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105524
Lin, C., & Wu, R. (2016). Effects of web-based creative thinking teaching on students ’ creativity and learning outcome. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 12(6), 1675–1684. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.1558a
Løkke, S., Nielsen, H. N., & Holgaard, J. E. (2023). Problem-based learning approach facilitating sustainable waste management. Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education, 11(3), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.54337/ojs.jpblhe.v11i3.7828
Lubis, S. P. W., Suryadarma, G. P., Paidi, P., & Yanto, B. E. (2024). Improving environmental litracy through the development of problem-based learning models that incorporate local wisdom. World Journal of Environmental Research, 14(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v14i1.9472
Lubis, S. P. W., Suryadarma, I. G. P., Paidi, & Yanto, B. E. (2022). The effectiveness of problem-based learning with local wisdom oriented to socio-scientific issues. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 455–472. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15225a
Mahendri, R. P., Amanda, M., & Latifah, U. (2022). Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Berbasis Flipbook sebagai Media Pembelajaran Distance Learning. J-HyTEL: Journal of Hypermedia & Technology-Enhanced Learning, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.58536/j-hytel.v1i1.18
Martin, D. S. E., Susanti, R., Destiansari, E., & Madang, K. (2025). The effect of problem-based learning model imscience process skills on respiratory system materials. Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan, 18(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.54257
Meldrawati, Amri, E., & Rosba, E. (2021). Validitas e-modul berbasis problem based learning pada materi perubahan lingkungan keas X SMA/MA. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 9(1), 63–71. https://e-journal.undikma.ac.id/index.php/bioscientist
Monica, H., Kesumawati, N., & Septiati, E. (2019). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa. MaPan: Jurnal Matematika Dan Pembelajaran, 7(1), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.24252/mapan.2019v7n1a12
Musa’ad, F., & Suparman. (2023). Pengembangan e-modul berbasis problem-based learning untuk memacu kemampuan berfikir kritis abad-21. Aksioma: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 12(3), 3162–3171. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v12i3.6119
Nurhidayati, E., Wijoyo, S. H., & Herlambang, A. D. (2022). Pengembangan E-Modul berbasis Model Problem-Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Dasar Program Keahlian Kelas X TKJ di SMK Negeri 5 Malang. Jurnal Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Ilmu Komputer, 6(9), 4586–4586. https://j-ptiik.ub.ac.id/index.php/j-ptiik/article/view/11628/5158
Oktaviani, Atika, M., & Sabina, M. (2025). Pengembangan media pop-up book berbasis 3D pada materi nilai-nilai pancasila. Menulis: Jurnal Penelitian Nusantara, 1(6), 536–539. https://doi.org/10.59435/menulis.v1i6.387
Pratiwi, S. M., Cari, C., & Aminah, N. S. (2019). Pembelajaran IPA abad 21 dengan literasi sains siswa. Jurnal Materi Dan Pembelajaran Fisika (JMPF), 9(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.20961/jmpf.v9i1.31612
Prayoga, A. S., Natasya, R. D., & Syaifudin, M. (2024). Analisis kelayakan kegrafikan pada buku ajar pendidikan agama islam dan budi pekerti. Ta’dibuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13(4), 224–245. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v13i4.16496
Redhana, I. W. (2019). Mengembangkan Keterampilan Abad Ke 21 Dalam Pembelajaran Kimia. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/jipk.v13i1.17824
Rosidi, A., Rohman, F., Novianti, V., & Hariadi, I. (2023). Pengembangan E-Module Keanekaragaman Makhluk Hidup Berbasis PBL Bermuatan Kearifan Lokal dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Pemecahan Masalah, dan Sikap Lingkungan. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 11(2), 1662. https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v11i2.9414
Sari, D. A., Ellizar, E., & Azhar, M. (2019). Development of problem-based learning module on electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solution to improve critical thinking ability. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1185(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012146
Sari, E., & Hafandi, L. (2022). Pengaruh problem based learning terhadap keterampilan kolaborasi siswa. Jurnal Bioedutech: Jurnal Biologi Dan Pendidikan Biologi, 1(1), 68–77. https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.1745
Saribas, D. (2015). Investigating the relationship between pre-service teachers’ scientific literacy, environmental literacy and life-long learning tendency. Science Education International, 26(1), 80–100. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1056471
Serevina, V., Sunaryo, Raihanati, Astra, I. M., & Sari, I. J. (2018). Development of e-module based on problem based learning (PBL) on heat and temperature to improve Student’s science process skill. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 17(3), 26–36. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1184205
Setiawan, H., & Rahayu, E. S. (2024). Development of e-modules based on problem based learning assisted by flipbook on environmental change material in high school to improve problem solving ability. Journal of Bilogy Education, 13(1), 29–35. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujbe/article/view/4091/240
Singleton, J. (2016). Environmental literacy and sustainability values: A content analysis of environmental education standards. Eco-Thinking, 1(1). https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/984
Sudarmin, Zahro, L., Pujiastuti, R. S. E., Asyhar, R., & Rosita, A. (2019). The development of pbl-based worksheets integrated with green chemistry and ethnoscience to improve student’s thinking skills. 8(4), 492–499. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v8i4.17546
Sudijono, A. (2011). Evaluasi Pendidikan. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Sugiyanto, B., & Erviana, Y. (2022). Pengembangan penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran model merdeka-belajar berorientasi kearifan lokal untuk mahasiswa calon guru PAUD. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 10(2), 302–311. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v10i2.52369
Sutarto, Prihatin, J., Hariyadi, S., & Wicaksono, I. (2021). Development of student worksheets based on STEM approach to improve students ’ critical thinking skills. National Seminar of Physics Education 2021 (SNPF 2021), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2104/1/012009
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
Thiagarajan, S., Semmel, D. S., & Semmel, M. I. (1974). Instructional development for training teachers of exceptional children: A sourcebook. (Issue Mc). Indiana University.
Triyono, S. (2021). Dinamika Penyusunan E-Modul. Yogyakarta: Andi.
Yang, S., Brossard, D., Li, N., & Barolo, L. (2024). Bridging gaps in COVID-19 vaccine knowledge : Effects of multimodal narratives on message elaboration and recall across science literacy levels. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 28(September 2023), 101681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101681
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi (Biosferjpb) and Departement of Biology Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta as publisher of the journal.
