Submissions

Author Guidelines

1. General Manuscript Requirements

BIOMA accepts submissions of original research articles that present novel data and findings and contribute to the advancement of biological sciences. Manuscripts submitted to the journal must represent original work and must not have been published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere. Review articles, short communications (short reports), and editorials are accepted by invitation only and are not considered through the regular submission process.

2. Manuscript Structure

Submitted manuscripts must be original works that have not been published previously and are not under consideration by another journal. Articles should be written in British English, except for the Indonesian abstract, and prepared using the BIOMA manuscript template in Microsoft Word format.

The main text must use Times New Roman 12-point font with 1.15 line spacing.  A manuscript should consist of a title; authors' names; authors' afiliations; Indonesian abstrak; kata kunci; English abstract; keywords; introduction; methodology; results and discussion; conclusions; author contributions; acknowledgements; conflict of interest statement; and ethical compliance statement.

• Title

Title must contain no more than 20 words. Scientific names must be italicised and accompanied by the species authority when first mentioned.

• Authors' Names

Write complete names of all authors. Author with one name (mononymous), e.g. Soekarno must be written twice, hence Soekarno Soekarno.

•  Authors' Afiliations

Provide complete addresses, municipality,  province, post code, and country.

• Introduction

Except for the Bahasa Indonesia version of the abstract, the entire manuscript must be written in British English. Use Times New Roman font, size 12, with 1.15-line spacing. The introduction should provide the background of the study, supported by recent scientific evidence relevant to the manuscript title. References should preferably be drawn from accredited journals indexed in Sinta or Scopus and formatted according to the APA 7th edition guidelines. Authors are encouraged to cite and reference from the past issues of BIOMA.

Clearly state the research problem and objectives, ensuring the problem formulation logically leads to the study’s purpose. Highlight the significance and benefits of the research to strengthen its rationale. Optionally, provide a brief overview of the research gap and how this study contributes to filling it.

• Methodology

The methodology should be written clearly and concisely to ensure the research can be replicated by other scholars. It includes descriptions of the study site, sampling, experimental design, procedures, and data analysis techniques.

Study sites and sampling

This section describes the location, time, and sampling techniques used in the research. Figures or maps may be added to illustrate specific sites and methods.

Experimental design

Put this section when your research is experimental. Explain the type of experiment conducted, including tools, materials, and their specifications. If animals are used, ensure compliance with animal welfare guidelines (e.g., Helsinki Declaration at https://wma.net).

Research procedures

Detail the step-by-step process of the research. Flowcharts or diagrams may be included to enhance clarity.

Data analysis

Describe the techniques used to process and analyse data, including statistical methods, formulas, or software. Cite relevant literature where appropriate.

• Results and discussion

This section presents the data obtained from the research and interprets them in relation to existing theories and previous studies. Results should be displayed clearly, using tables, figures, or diagrams where appropriate to enhance understanding.

Research findings are presented in a structured manner, supported by visual aids such as tables, charts, or graphs. Environmental or contextual data may also be included to strengthen the interpretation.

The data should be analysed descriptively or statistically, depending on the research design. Results must be interpreted in depth, supported by relevant theories and literature, to highlight patterns, relationships, or significant outcomes.

• Conclusions

The conclusion should be presented in a separate paragraph at the end of the Discussion, without a separate subtitle. It must summarize the main findings, highlight their implications, and clearly state how the research contributes to the field.

• Author contributions

List each author’s specific role in the research process, ensuring all contributors are named individually. For example: F.B., E.L., A.B.: project conception; F.B., E.L.: methodology; F.B.: data analysis; F.B.: original manuscript draft; E.L., A.B., F.B.: manuscript review and editing

• Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments should be directed to individuals or institutions that made significant contributions to the research (e.g., data providers, materials, facilities, or technical support), but not to members of the author team. Funding sources must also be acknowledged here.

• Conflicts of interest statement

All manuscripts must include a conflict-of-interest statement. Authors should disclose any financial, personal, or professional relationships that could influence the research. If no conflicts exist, state: “There are no conflicts to declare.”

• Ethical compliance

As a requirement of publication, authors must confirm compliance with all legal and ethical obligations related to the protection of human and animal research subjects, where applicable. Ethical approval from the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee should be stated when studies involve humans or animals.

If the research does not involve human or animal subjects, authors should provide a brief statement clarifying this. For example: “The process of collecting plant growth data/molluscs population was conducted using non-invasive observation methods and did not involve human or animal subjects.” If the research involves animals, authors must declare adherence to recognized animal welfare guidelines (e.g., Helsinki Declaration, institutional animal care protocols). For example: “Experiments involving mice were conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use guidelines, ensuring compliance with ethical standards.” If the research involves humans, authors must confirm that informed consent was obtained and that the study was approved by an ethics committee. For example: “All human participants provided informed consent, and the study protocol was approved by the University NNN Research Ethics Committee no. yyyy/yy year 20xx.”

• References-instructions

References must follow APA 7th edition style. (1) Arrange entries alphabetically by the surname of the first author. (2) Use a hanging indent format, where the first line is flush left and subsequent lines are indented. (3) Include complete details for each source: author(s), year of publication, title, journal or book, volume(issue), page range, and DOI or URL if available. (4) For books, provide publisher information; for book chapters, include editors, book title (italicized), page range, and publisher. (5) Journal names should be written in full, not abbreviated. (6) Ensure consistency between in-text citations and the reference list. Authors are encouraged to cite and reference one or two articles from earlier issues of BIOMA to strengthen the contextual relevance of their manuscript. Examples :

• Journal Article – One Author

Damayanti, F. (2007). Analisis jumlah kromosom dan anatomi stomata pada beberapa plasma nutfah pisang (Musa spp.) asal Kalimantan Timur. Bioscientiae, 4(2), 53–61.

• Journal Article – Two Authors

Hetherington, A. M., & Woodward, F. I. (2003). The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change. Nature, 424(6951), 901–908. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01843.

Heslop-Harrison, J. S., & Schwarzacher, T. (2007). Domestication, genomics and the future for banana. Annals of Botany, 100(5), 1073–1084. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm191.

• Journal Article – Three or More Authors

Sugimoto, H., Kusumi, K., Tozawa, Y., Yazaki, J., Kishimoto, N., Kikuchi, S., & Iba, K. (2004). The virescent-2 mutation inhibits translation of plastid transcripts for the plastid genetic system at an early stage of chloroplast differentiation. Plant and Cell Physiology, 45(8), 985–996. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pch115.

• Journal Article – Organisation as Author

International Atomic Energy Agency. (2009). Induced mutation in tropical fruit trees (IAEA-TECDOC-1615). International Atomic Energy Agency.

• Book

Alberty, R. A., & Daniels, F. (1987). Physical chemistry (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Heldt, H. W., & Heldt, F. (2005). Plant biochemistry (3rd ed.). Elsevier Academic Press.

Yang, R. T. (2003). Adsorbents: Fundamentals and applications. John Wiley & Sons.

• Translated Book

Agrios, G. N. (1997). Plant pathology (3rd ed.). Academic Press. (M. Busnia & T. Martoredjo, Trans., Indonesian edition published by Gadjah Mada University Press, 1996)

Pelczar, M. J., Jr., & Chan, E. C. S. (1986). Elements of microbiology (R. S. Hadioetomo, T. Imas, S. S. Tjitrosomo, & S. L. Angka, Trans.). Universitas Indonesia Press.

• Chapter in an Edited Book

Dhiman, M., & Rautela, I. (2014). Biotechnological approaches towards micropropagation and conservation of cycads and Ephedrales. In M. R. Ahuja & K. G. Ramawat (Eds.), Biotechnology and biodiversity (pp. 247–270). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09381-9_10.

Jayasankar, S., & Gray, D. J. (2005). In vitro plant pathology. In R. N. Trigiano & D. J. Gray (Eds.), Plant development and biotechnology (pp. 293–299). CRC Press.

• Thesis or Dissertation

Masykuroh, L. (2016). Induksi mutasi pada pisang (Musa spp. ABB) cv. Kepok dengan iradiasi gamma secara in vitro (Undergraduate thesis). Universitas Negeri Jakarta.

• Conference Proceedings

Isfaeni, H., Rusdi, R., Indriani, R. P., Mahardika, R. D., & Oetari, F. (2024). Gastropod community structure at Sepanjang Beach, Yogyakarta. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2982(1), Article 050009. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0189738.

• Online Book Chapter or Electronic Publication

Mak, C., Ho, Y. W., Liew, K. W., & Asif, M. J. (2004). Biotechnology and in vitro mutagenesis for banana improvement. In S. M. Jain & R. Swennen (Eds.), Banana improvement: Cellular, molecular biology, and induced mutations (pp. 54–73). Science Publishers. https://www.fao.org/4/ae216e/ae216e08.htm.

• Examples from BIOMA

Hakamashe, H. P., Arumsari, D. R., Komariah, E., Febriyani, H., Febrianty, I., Destiyana, N., Aulia, R., Sukmawati, W., Noer, M. I., & Sedayu, A. (2022). Vegetasi taman urban sebagai penyedia pakan bagi beberapa trophic guild burung herbivora: Studi Taman Lapangan Banteng, Jakarta Pusat. Bioma, 18(2), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.21009/Bioma18(2).4.

Adyn, M. F., Sibarani, M. C., Utoyo, L., Surya, R. A., & Sedayu, A. (2022). Role of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) as a seed dispersal agent in a Sumatran lowland tropical forest. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(4), 2101–2110. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230445.

3. Tables and Figures

Tables and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript. Table captions must appear above the table, be centred, and written in bold. Tables should include only essential horizontal rules. Figure captions must appear below the figure and be written in bold. Multi-panel figures should be labelled using letters such as (a), (b), and (c). Microscopic images and biological illustrations must contain a scale bar explained in the caption. All figures should be of high resolution and suitable for publication.

FIGURE 1. Figures must be numbered consecutively (e.g., FIGURE 1) with the caption in bold. Captions should be placed below the figure and written concisely. If a figure has multiple parts, label each part as (a), (b), (c), etc. Every picture/illustration must be with a scale bar, which is explained, for example: “scale bar = 2 mm”. Figures should be high quality and, where necessary, accompanied by explanatory notes.

 TABLE 1. Tables must be numbered consecutively (e.g., TABLE 1) with the caption in bold, centered above the table. Tables should include top and bottom rules, with an additional rule separating the column headings from the body of the table. Keep tables clear, concise, and self-explanatory.

4. Complete Manuscript Template

Authors must use the latest BIOMA manuscript template and submit the manuscript as a Microsoft Word file not exceeding 2 MB. The obsolete version version 09-20-2024 and version 06-20-2026 templates must not be used.

5. Cover Letter Template

Authors must submit a cover letter confirming the manuscript’s originality, relevance to the journal’s scope, exclusive submission, and any potential conflicts of interest, with a maximum file size of 2 MB in PDF.

6. Plagiarism Detection (Turnitin) Result Template

Authors must submit the Turnitin result generated from the submitted manuscript, clearly indicating the overall similarity score, with a maximum file size of 2 MB in PDF.

7. Declaration of Artificial Intelligence Usage Template

Authors must complete the declaration of artificial intelligence usage, specifying any AI tools used and their purpose, while confirming that AI tools are not listed as authors and that the authors retain full responsibility for the manuscript, with a maximum file size of 2 MB in PDF.