Authorship Criteria

AUTHORSHIP AND CONTRIBUTORSHIP POLICY

Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education (JSCE)

  1. Purpose and Scope

Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education (JSCE) recognizes authorship as both an academic credit and a responsibility for the integrity, accuracy, and accountability of a published article.

This policy establishes the principles and procedures governing:

  1. authorship eligibility;
  2. authorship order and corresponding authorship;
  3. reporting of individual author contributions;
  4. use of the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy);
  5. changes to authorship before and after publication;
  6. authorship disputes; and
  7. responsibilities of authors after publication.

This policy applies to all manuscripts submitted to and published by JSCE, including original research articles, systematic reviews, review articles, research and development studies, sport coaching studies, sport education studies, sport performance studies, and other scholarly manuscripts within the journal's scope.

JSCE adopts internationally recognized principles of authorship, including the four authorship criteria, the CRediT taxonomy, and relevant publication-ethics guidance from COPE.

 

  1. Authorship Criteria

A person may be listed as an author of a manuscript submitted to JSCE only when the person satisfies all four of the following criteria:

2.1 Substantial Contribution

The individual has made a substantial contribution to one or more of the following:

  • conception or design of the study;
  • development of the research model or intervention;
  • development of research instruments;
  • acquisition of research data;
  • analysis of quantitative or qualitative data; or
  • interpretation of research findings.

Examples in the context of sport science research may include field testing of athletes, development of training models, biomechanical analysis, physical fitness testing, motor skill assessment, coaching intervention, questionnaire development, or interpretation of sport performance data.

2.2 Drafting or Critical Revision

The individual has:

  • drafted the manuscript; or
  • critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual or scientific content.

2.3 Final Approval

The individual has reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript before publication.

2.4 Accountability

The individual agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work and to ensure that questions concerning the accuracy, validity, research ethics, and integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Each author should understand their own contribution and be able to identify the contributions and responsibilities of their co-authors.

 

  1. Contributions That Do Not Independently Qualify for Authorship

The following contributions, when performed alone, do not constitute sufficient grounds for authorship:

  • obtaining research funding;
  • providing general academic or institutional supervision;
  • serving as a head of a research group, laboratory, department, study program, or institution;
  • providing administrative or logistical assistance;
  • providing access to athletes, teams, schools, clubs, laboratories, courts, fields, or research facilities;
  • collecting data without substantial involvement in study design, analysis, or interpretation;
  • conducting routine testing or data entry without intellectual contribution;
  • language editing, translation, proofreading, or formatting; and
  • holding an academic position, including lecturer, professor, supervisor, coach, dean, head of study program, or research coordinator, without satisfying all authorship criteria.

Individuals who make valuable but non-author-level contributions should be appropriately recognized in the Acknowledgements section, with their permission.

 

  1. Unacceptable Authorship Practices

JSCE considers the following practices unacceptable:

4.1 Gift or Honorary Authorship

Including an individual as an author solely because of their academic position, seniority, institutional authority, supervisory position, or professional status without meeting the authorship criteria.

4.2 Guest Authorship

Adding a well-known academic, researcher, coach, or institutional figure to increase the credibility or likelihood of acceptance of a manuscript when that person has not made a qualifying contribution.

4.3 Ghost Authorship

Excluding an individual who has made a substantial intellectual contribution to the research or manuscript.

4.4 Purchased or Traded Authorship

Buying, selling, exchanging, or otherwise commercially transferring authorship positions, including authorship arrangements associated with paper mills or other unethical publication services.

4.5 Coercive Authorship

Requiring an individual to be included as an author as a condition of research access, academic supervision, employment, institutional support, use of facilities, or other professional relationships.

4.6 AI Authorship

Generative artificial intelligence tools, software, or automated systems cannot be listed as authors. Their use must be disclosed in accordance with the journal's applicable AI and research-integrity policies.

Unacceptable authorship practices may be investigated as potential research or publication misconduct.

 

  1. Order of Authors

The order of authors should be determined collectively by all authors before manuscript submission.

Authors are responsible for agreeing upon the order of authors and should be able to explain the basis for that order if requested by the Editor.

For manuscripts derived from:

  • undergraduate theses;
  • master's theses;
  • doctoral dissertations;
  • student research projects; or
  • student-athlete research projects,

the student who conducted the principal research should normally be listed as the first author, provided that the student satisfies the authorship criteria.

Supervisors, lecturers, coaches, or research advisors may be listed as co-authors only when they have made substantial intellectual contributions and satisfy all authorship criteria.

This policy does not automatically assign authorship based solely on the supervisor-student relationship.

 

  1. Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for communication between the authors and JSCE during:

  • manuscript submission;
  • peer review;
  • revision;
  • editorial decision;
  • production; and
  • post-publication correspondence.

The corresponding author must:

  1. ensure that all authors approve the manuscript before submission;
  2. ensure that all authors approve substantive revisions;
  3. collect and maintain required author declarations;
  4. ensure that author names, affiliations, email addresses, and ORCID iDs are accurate;
  5. ensure consistency between the manuscript and OJS metadata;
  6. communicate editorial decisions and requests to all co-authors; and
  7. remain available to respond to questions concerning the published article.

The corresponding author must not add or remove an author without following the journal's authorship-change procedure.

 

  1. Author Contributions – CRediT Taxonomy

JSCE encourages or requires manuscripts with multiple authors to provide an Author Contributions Statement using the CRediT taxonomy.

The following contribution roles may be used:

CRediT Role

Description

Conceptualization

Development of research ideas, objectives, and research questions

Methodology

Development of research methods, procedures, models, or instruments

Software

Programming, software development, or computational implementation

Validation

Verification of research procedures, instruments, data, or results

Formal Analysis

Statistical, thematic, or other formal analysis of research data

Investigation

Conducting fieldwork, experiments, testing, interviews, observations, or data collection

Resources

Provision of participants, facilities, equipment, research materials, or other resources

Data Curation

Organization, management, documentation, and maintenance of research data

Writing – Original Draft

Preparation of the initial manuscript

Writing – Review & Editing

Critical review, revision, and intellectual improvement of the manuscript

Visualization

Preparation of figures, tables, models, diagrams, and visual presentation of findings

Supervision

Academic or research supervision and oversight

Project Administration

Coordination and management of the research project

Funding Acquisition

Obtaining financial support for the research

An example of an Author Contributions Statement is:

Author 1: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – Original Draft.
Author 2: Formal Analysis, Data Curation, Writing – Review & Editing.
Author 3: Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing.
All authors: Final approval of the manuscript.

Roles such as Supervision, Resources, or Funding Acquisition alone do not qualify an individual for authorship. Authors must satisfy all authorship criteria described in Section 2.

 

  1. Author Information and OJS Metadata

All authors submitting manuscripts to JSCE must provide accurate and complete author information.

The following requirements apply:

  1. Authors must use their full names without academic or professional titles.
  2. Author names must be consistent with their academic publications and institutional records.
  3. Each author must provide their institutional affiliation and country.
  4. Any current affiliation that differs from the affiliation at the time of the research should be appropriately indicated.
  5. Authors should provide an institutional email address.
  6. Authors should provide an ORCID iD.
  7. The author information in the manuscript must correspond exactly with the author information entered into the JSCE OJS system.
  8. The order of authors in OJS must be identical to the order in the submitted manuscript.
  9. Author identities and affiliations should not be disclosed in the anonymized manuscript when JSCE applies a double-anonymized peer-review process.

Authors are responsible for verifying their metadata before final submission.

 

  1. Changes to Authorship

JSCE recognizes that exceptional circumstances may require a change to the author list. However, changes to authorship are strictly controlled to protect the integrity of the publication process.

9.1 Changes Before Acceptance

A request to add, remove, or reorder authors before acceptance must be submitted by the corresponding author to the Editor.

The request must include:

  1. manuscript or submission ID;
  2. current author list and order;
  3. proposed author list and order;
  4. clear justification for the requested change;
  5. contribution of the proposed author using the CRediT taxonomy; and
  6. written agreement from all existing authors and any proposed new author.

The Editor may suspend the review process while the authorship issue is being assessed.

The Editor will evaluate whether:

  • the proposed change is adequately justified;
  • the proposed author satisfies the authorship criteria;
  • all authors have provided consent; and
  • the change is consistent with publication ethics.

The Editor may approve or reject the request.

 

9.2 Changes After Acceptance

Changes to authorship after acceptance are permitted only under exceptional circumstances.

Such requests require:

  • written justification;
  • agreement from all authors;
  • appropriate CRediT contribution information; and
  • approval from the Editor-in-Chief.

The journal reserves the right to refuse authorship changes when the request is inadequately justified or inconsistent with publication-ethics principles.

 

9.3 Changes After Publication

Changes to authorship after publication will normally require a formal Corrigendum or other appropriate post-publication notice.

The change must first be investigated and approved according to the authorship-change procedure.

A change to an author's name for legitimate personal reasons may be considered separately and, where appropriate, handled discreetly without requiring a public notice.

 

  1. Authorship Disputes

JSCE does not normally determine which individual is entitled to authorship based solely on competing claims among authors.

When an authorship dispute occurs:

Step 1 – Internal Resolution

The authors are encouraged to resolve the disagreement among themselves.

Step 2 – Editorial Suspension

If the dispute cannot be resolved, JSCE may temporarily suspend peer review, acceptance, publication, or post-publication processing.

Step 3 – Institutional Investigation

Where appropriate, JSCE may refer the matter to the relevant university, research institution, faculty, study program, research center, or other responsible institution for investigation.

Step 4 – Editorial Action

JSCE will consider the findings of the relevant institution when determining appropriate editorial action.

Possible outcomes include:

  • continuation of the review process;
  • correction of the author list;
  • publication of a corrigendum;
  • rejection of the manuscript;
  • expression of concern; or
  • retraction of the published article when warranted.

If an individual's name has been used as an author without their knowledge or consent, the matter may also be handled under JSCE's research and publication misconduct procedures.

 

  1. Responsibilities of Authors After Publication

Authors remain responsible for their published work after publication.

All authors must:

  1. respond appropriately to questions concerning their article;
  2. cooperate with JSCE in investigations of possible errors or misconduct;
  3. cooperate with requests for correction;
  4. cooperate with retraction procedures when necessary;
  5. provide clarification concerning research methods, data, analysis, and authorship when reasonably requested; and
  6. inform the journal promptly when they identify a significant error in their published work.

All authors share responsibility for maintaining the integrity of the published scholarly record.

 

  1. Student Research, Thesis, and Dissertation Publications

Because JSCE publishes research in sport coaching and education, including research conducted by students, special attention is given to authorship in student-derived manuscripts.

For manuscripts derived substantially from an undergraduate thesis, master's thesis, or doctoral dissertation:

  • the student who conducted the primary research should normally be the first author;
  • supervisors are not automatically entitled to authorship;
  • supervisors may become co-authors when they make substantial intellectual contributions and satisfy all four authorship criteria;
  • the corresponding author must ensure that the author list reflects actual intellectual contributions; and
  • the CRediT contribution statement should transparently describe each author's role.

This approach is intended to recognize student intellectual contributions while maintaining accountability and academic integrity.

 

  1. Research and Publication Ethics

Authorship at JSCE is closely connected to research and publication integrity.

Potential authorship misconduct may include:

  • gift authorship;
  • honorary authorship;
  • guest authorship;
  • ghost authorship;
  • purchased authorship;
  • coercive authorship;
  • undisclosed authorship changes;
  • falsification of author information;
  • use of another person's identity without consent; and
  • listing generative AI systems as authors.

Suspected cases may be investigated according to JSCE's applicable Research Misconduct, Publication Ethics, and Correction and Retraction policies.

 

  1. Generative AI and Authorship

Generative AI systems, including large language models and AI-assisted writing or analysis tools, cannot be listed as authors of articles submitted to JSCE.

Authors remain responsible for:

  • the accuracy of the manuscript;
  • originality and integrity of the work;
  • verification of references and factual claims;
  • protection of confidential research information;
  • compliance with research ethics; and
  • disclosure of relevant AI assistance when required by JSCE policy.

The use of AI does not transfer responsibility from human authors to the technology.

 

  1. Editorial Responsibility

The Editors of JSCE are responsible for applying this policy consistently and fairly.

Editors may:

  • request clarification regarding authorship;
  • request CRediT contribution statements;
  • request written confirmation from all authors;
  • suspend editorial processing while an authorship dispute is investigated;
  • refer serious disputes to the relevant institution;
  • issue corrections or other post-publication notices when appropriate; and
  • take further action when authorship misconduct affects the integrity of the scholarly record.

Editorial decisions concerning authorship will be made independently of the academic position, institutional status, seniority, or reputation of any individual author.

 

  1. Confidentiality and Fair Treatment

JSCE will handle authorship disputes and investigations confidentially to the extent reasonably possible.

The journal will:

  • treat all parties fairly;
  • avoid premature conclusions;
  • provide reasonable opportunities for relevant parties to respond;
  • maintain appropriate records of the investigation; and
  • follow recognized publication-ethics principles.

Where institutional investigation is required, JSCE may request the relevant institution to provide the findings necessary for editorial decision-making.

 

  1. Final Principle

The authorship policy of Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education (JSCE), Universitas Negeri Jakarta is based on the principle that authorship represents both academic credit and academic responsibility.

Every listed author must make a genuine intellectual contribution, participate in the preparation or critical revision of the manuscript, approve the final version, and accept responsibility for the integrity of the published work.

The journal expects authors to establish authorship and contribution arrangements transparently before submission and to maintain those arrangements throughout the publication process.

 

References and Ethical Standards

This policy is informed by the following recognized authorship and publication-ethics standards:

  • Allen, L., O'Connell, A., & Kiermer, V. (2019). How can we ensure visibility and diversity in research contributions? How the Contributor Role Taxonomy (CRediT) is helping the shift from authorship to contributorship. Learned Publishing, 32(1), 71–74.
  • Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Core Practices.
  • Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authorship and AI Tools: COPE Position Statement.
  • Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Flowcharts on Authorship.
  • International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.
  • National Information Standards Organization (NISO). (2022). CRediT, Contributor Roles Taxonomy (ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022).

The above sources are also identified in the source document provided for this adaptation.