Ethic Statement

Our ethical statements are based on COPE's Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors.

Duties of Editor

Publication decisions
The editor is responsible for deciding which articles submitted to the journal should be published.
The editor may be guided by the journal's editorial board's policies and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

Fair play
An editor at any time evaluates manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the author's express written consent.

 

Duties of Reviewers

Contribution to Editorial Decisions
Peer review helps the editor make editorial decisions, and the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper.

Promptness
Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

Confidentiality
Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

Standards of Objectivity
Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgement of Sources
Reviewers should identify relevant published work that the authors have not cited. The relevant citation should accompany any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported. A reviewer should also call the editor's attention to any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper they have personal knowledge of.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest
Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

 

Duties of Authors

Reporting standards
Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.

Originality and Plagiarism
The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others, this has been appropriately cited or quoted.

Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication
An author should not, in general, publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgement of Sources
Proper acknowledgement of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

Authorship of the Paper
Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where others have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.

The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the paper. All co-authors have seen and approved the paper's final version and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
All authors should disclose any financial or another substantive conflict of interest in their manuscript that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Fundamental errors in published works
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

 (Source: COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), https://publicationethics.org/node/11184.)

 

Conflict of Interests

Jurnal Sarwahita requires authors, editors, and reviewers to disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest that may influence the research, review, or publication process.

Authors must disclose any financial or non-financial relationships, affiliations, or other interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the results, interpretation, or presentation of their work. All sources of financial support for the research or community service activities must also be disclosed.

Editors and reviewers must declare any conflict of interest related to a submitted manuscript, including personal, professional, financial, academic, or collaborative relationships with the authors or their institutions. Individuals with a conflict of interest should not participate in the review or editorial decision-making process for the relevant manuscript.

Failure to disclose a relevant conflict of interest may result in appropriate editorial action. If a conflict of interest is identified after publication, Jurnal Sarwahita may take appropriate action, including issuing a correction, clarification, or other editorial notice when necessary.

Jurnal Sarwahita follows the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding conflicts of interest and disclosure.

 

Retraction Policy

Sarwahita may retract a published article when the editor no longer has confidence in the reliability of the results or conclusions reported in the article. Retraction is intended to correct the scholarly record and maintain the integrity of the journal, not to punish the authors.

An article may be considered for retraction in cases including, but not limited to:

  • significant errors that invalidate the findings or conclusions;

  • fabrication or falsification of data;

  • plagiarism or other serious forms of research or publication misconduct;

  • duplicate or redundant publication;

  • unethical research practices or violations of applicable research ethics; or

  • serious authorship or conflict-of-interest issues that substantially affect the integrity of the publication.

A retraction may be requested by the author(s), their institution, readers, or the editor. Regardless of who initiates the request, the decision to retract an article rests with the editor. Where sufficient evidence supports retraction, an article may be retracted even if some or all of the authors do not agree with the decision.

Sarwahita avoids partial retractions because they may make it difficult for readers to determine which parts of an article remain reliable. Where concerns affect only specific aspects of an article but do not invalidate the entire publication, the journal may consider issuing a correction or other appropriate editorial notice instead.

In cases of duplicate or redundant publication, Sarwahita will assess the circumstances and take appropriate action in accordance with publication ethics principles. Where an article has been subsequently published elsewhere, the journal may retract the article and clearly state the reason for the retraction.

When an article is retracted, Sarwahita will publish a Retraction Notice stating the reason for the retraction and linking the notice to the original article. The original article will remain part of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as “Retracted.”

If there is a serious concern about the reliability or integrity of a published article but there is insufficient evidence to justify immediate retraction, Sarwahita may publish an Expression of Concern while further investigation is conducted.

Sarwahita follows the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in handling article retractions and corrections. For further guidance, please refer to the COPE Retraction Guidelines.

(Source: COPE Council. COPE Guidelines: Retraction Guidelines. August 2025. https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4)