Corrections and Retractions

The Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship (JOBBE) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. Published articles constitute part of the permanent academic record and will not be altered or removed except through the formal procedures described in this policy. Decisions regarding corrections, retractions, and withdrawals are made by the Editor-in-Chief, in consultation with the Editorial Board and independent experts where necessary.

Correction

A correction is issued when an error is identified in a published article but does not invalidate the main findings or conclusions of the research. Corrections may address errors introduced during the publication process, such as typographical errors, formatting problems, or incorrect information, as well as errors originating from the authors, including inaccuracies in data presentation, author affiliations, acknowledgements, or other published content.

Errors introduced by the journal may be identified as an erratum, while errors originating from the authors may be identified as a corrigendum. The terminology may be adapted to maintain consistency with the journal's publication system.

A correction notice will clearly identify the affected article, describe the error, and provide the corrected information. The notice will be published as a separate item, assigned a DOI where applicable, and linked to the original article. The original article will remain available, with appropriate links to the correction notice, to ensure transparency and traceability.

Retraction

A retraction is issued when an article contains serious errors or breaches of publication ethics that undermine the reliability or integrity of its findings or conclusions. Retraction may be considered in cases involving, but not limited to:

  • Clear evidence of fabricated or falsified research data.

  • Plagiarism or substantial unattributed duplication of previously published work.

  • Redundant or duplicate publication without appropriate disclosure or justification.

  • Serious methodological or analytical errors that invalidate the research findings.

  • Unethical research practices or the use of data or materials without appropriate authorization.

  • Manipulation or compromise of the peer-review process.

  • Undisclosed conflicts of interest that materially affect the interpretation or credibility of the research.

  • Other forms of research or publication misconduct that seriously compromise the scholarly record.

The decision to retract an article will be based on an assessment of the available evidence and the severity of the issue. Retraction may be necessary regardless of whether the problem resulted from deliberate misconduct or an honest but serious error. The purpose of retraction is to correct the scholarly record and alert readers to unreliable research, rather than to punish authors.

A retraction notice will clearly identify the affected article, explain the reasons for retraction, state who is retracting the article, and provide links to the original publication. The notice will be published promptly, made freely accessible, and linked to the original article. The article will not ordinarily be deleted from the journal website or archive; instead, it will be clearly marked as retracted in the article landing page, full-text document, and relevant metadata, where technically possible.

JOBBE will also take reasonable steps to update the article's DOI metadata and notify relevant indexing services when necessary.

Withdrawal

Withdrawal applies to manuscripts that have been submitted or accepted but have not yet become part of the final published scholarly record. Authors who wish to withdraw a manuscript must submit a written request to the editorial office, explaining the reason for withdrawal.

Withdrawal requests made before acceptance will be considered by the editorial team. Withdrawal after the peer-review process has commenced is discouraged and must be handled in accordance with the journal's editorial procedures.

If a manuscript has been accepted but not yet published, withdrawal may be considered in exceptional circumstances, subject to editorial approval. Once an article has been published online as the final version or as an article in press, it cannot ordinarily be withdrawn. Any subsequent action must follow the correction or retraction procedures described in this policy.

Expression of Concern

If substantial concerns arise regarding the reliability, ethics, or integrity of a published article but the available evidence is inconclusive, JOBBE may publish an Expression of Concern.

An Expression of Concern may be issued while an investigation is ongoing, when an investigation has been delayed, or when the available information is insufficient to support an immediate correction or retraction. The notice will explain the nature of the concern and link to the affected article.

The journal may update or withdraw the Expression of Concern when additional evidence becomes available and a final decision can be made.

Procedures for Corrections and Retractions

When a potential error or publication ethics issue is identified, JOBBE will assess the matter through a fair and transparent process. The journal may request explanations, supporting documentation, or relevant research data from the authors and consult independent experts or the authors' institutions where appropriate.

Authors will ordinarily be given an opportunity to respond to the concerns before a decision is made, unless exceptional circumstances require urgent action to protect the scholarly record. The Editor-in-Chief, in consultation with the Editorial Board and independent experts where necessary, will determine the appropriate action based on the available evidence.

All decisions will be documented, and the relevant notices will be published in a timely manner. The journal will ensure that correction, retraction, and expression-of-concern notices are clearly identifiable and linked to the affected article.

Responsibility of Authors

Authors are responsible for notifying the JOBBE Editorial Office promptly if they discover a significant error or ethical issue in their published work. Authors should cooperate with the editorial team in investigating concerns and providing accurate information.

Requests for correction must clearly identify the error and provide the proposed correction. Requests for retraction must include an explanation of the reasons and relevant supporting information. The final decision regarding the publication of a correction, retraction, or Expression of Concern rests with the journal's editorial authority.