The profile of students HOTS at Malang, Indonesia in responding to higher-thinking biology questions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.21030Keywords:
21st-century skills, Biology learning, HOTS, Thinking skillsAbstract
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is one of the primary 21st-century skills that Indonesian schools have not optimally developed. The present study was aimed at 1) presenting the profile of students’ HOTS in Malang and 2) investigating the influence of grades on students’ HOTS. This quantitative study involved 559 students from 18 schools in Malang municipality as the participants. The data were collected using ten essay questions as the instrument and analyzed through descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA as the data analysis techniques chosen in this study. This study revealed that first, the students of Junior High School in grades VII, VIII, and IX at Malang acquired a low level of HOTS. Second, the students of Senior High School performed an excellent level of HOTS. Third, there was a significant influence of the student's grades to the level of the students’ HOTS in which senior high school students accomplished a higher level HOTS than junior high school students. Therefore, to improve this essential skill, the students in Indonesian schools should be given as much exposure to teaching and assessment based on HOTS.
References
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Albeta, S. W. (2018). Profile of chemical teacher candidates’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) on ionic equilibrium in solution topic. Unnes Science Education Journal, 7(3), 300–305.
Baharin, N., Kamarudin, N., & Manaf, U. K. A. (2018). Integrating STEM education approach in enhancing higher order thinking skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 810–821. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4421
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Budiarti, I. S., Suparmi, A., Sarwanto, & Harjana. (2017). Analyzes of students’ higher-order thinking skills of heat and temperature concept. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 909, 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/909/1/012055
Budsankom, P., Sawangboon, T., Damrongpanit, S., & Chuensirimongkol, and J. (2015). Factors affecting higher order thinking skills of students: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling study. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(19), 2639–2652. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1080273.pdf
Diputera, A. M., Setyowati, D. L., & Susilaningsih, E. (2018). Higher-order thinking skills of junior high school students. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 8(3), 61–67.
Dresner, M., De Rivera, C., Fuccillo, K. K., & Chang, H. (2014). Improving higher-order thinking and knowledge retention in environmental science teaching. BioScience, 64(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit005
Fauzi, A. (2019). Profile of kunior high school students’ critical thinking skills in answering questions related to biological concepts. Scientiae Educatia, 8(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.24235/sc.educatia.v8i1.4081
Fauzi, A., & Sa’diyah, W. (2019). Students’ metacognitive skills from the viewpoint of answering biological questions: Is it already good? Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 8(3), 317–327. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpii/article/view/19457
Fensham, P. J., & Bellocchi, A. (2013). Higher order thinking in chemistry curriculum and its assessment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 10, 250–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.06.003
Galotti, K. M. (2011). Cognitive development. Sage.
García-Madruga, J. A., Gómez-Veiga, I., & Vila, J. (2016). Executive functions and the improvement of thinking abilities: The intervention in reading comprehension. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(February), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00058
Greiff, S., Wüstenberg, S., Goetz, T., Vainikainen, M.-P., Hautamäki, J., & Bornstein, M. H. (2015). A longitudinal study of higher-order thinking skills: working memory and fluid reasoning in childhood enhance complex problem solving in adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(July), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01060
Hadi, S., Retnawati, H., Munadi, S., Apino, E., & Wulandari, N. F. (2018). The difficulties of high school students in solving higher-order thinking skills problems. Problem of Education in the 21st Century, 76(4), 520–532.
Haryati, Manurung, B., & Gultom, T. (2017). The effect of learning model on higher order thinking and student science process skills in ecology. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 4(10), 150–155. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0410018
Hugerat, M., & Kortam, N. (2014). Improving higher order thinking skills among freshmen by teaching science through inquiry. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 10(5), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2014.1107a
Irawati, T. N. (2018). Analisis kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa SMP dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah matematika pada materi bilangan bulat. Jurnal Gammath, 3(2), 1–7.
Istiyono, E. (2017). The analysis of senior high school students’ physics HOTS in Bantul District measured using PhysReMChoTHOTS. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1868(August). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995184
King, F. J., Goodson, L., & Faranak, R. (2011). Higher order thinking skills: Definition, teaching strategies and assessment.
Kurniati, I., & Surya, E. (2017). Student’s perception of their teacher teaching style’s. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 33(2), 91–98.
Kusaeri, K., Hamdani, A. S., & Suprananto, S. (2019). Student readiness and challenge in completing higher order thinking skill test type for mathematics. Infinity Journal, 8(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v8i1.p75-86
Kusumastuti, I., Fauziati, E., Marmanto, S., Maret, U. S., & Java, C. (2019). Revealing teachers’ beliefs of higher order Thinking skills in teaching reading at junior high school. 3rd English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC), 3, 155–162.
Larsen, B., & Luna, B. (2018). Adolescence as a neurobiological critical period for the development of higher-order cognition. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 94, 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.005
Li, H., Liu, J., Yang, X., Xiao, J., & Yang, G. (2016). An empirical study on developing higher-order thinking skills of primary students with e-schoolbag. International Symposium on Educational Technology (ISET), 1, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISET.2016.26
Margana, M., & Widyantoro, A. (2017). Developing english textbooks oriented to higher order thinking skills for students of vocational high schools in Yogyakarta. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0801.04
Mohamed, R., & Lebar, O. (2017). Authentic assessment in assessing higher order thinking skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(2), 466–476. https://ideas.repec.org/a/hur/ijarbs/v7y2017i2p466-476.html
Murphy, C., Bianchi, L., McCullagh, J., & Kerr, K. (2013). Scaling up higher order thinking skills and personal capabilities in primary science: Theory-into-policy-into-practice. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 10, 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.06.005
Netri, N., Holiwarni, B., & Abdullah. (2018). Development of test instruments based higher order thinking skill (HOTS) on chemical equilibrium at second grade in senior high school. JOM, 5(2), 1–11.
Nguyễn, T. M. T., & Nguyễn, T. T. L. (2017). Influence of explicit higher-order thinking skills instruction on students’ learning of linguistics. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.10.004
Permatasari, A., Wartono, & Kusairi, S. (2018). Identification of students difficulties in terms of the higher order thinking skills on the subject of work and energy. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2014(September), 020052. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054456
Prasit, R. Y. H., Phattiyathani, S., & Piyakul, A. (2018). Causal factors influencing the higher-order thinking of Matthayom Suksa3 students in Udon Thani. Journal of Educational Measurement Mahasarakham University, 17(2).
Puchta, H. (2012). Developing thinking skills in the young learners’ classroom. In Cambridge English Language Teaching.
Purbaningrum, K. A. (2017). Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa SMP dalam pemecahan masalah matematika ditinjau dari gaya belajar. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pembelajaran Matematika, 10(2), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.30870/jppm.v10i2.2029
Putra, T. K., & Abdullah, D. F. (2019). Higher-Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions in English national examination in Indonesia. Jurnal Bahasa Lingua Scientia, 11(1), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.21274/ls.2019.11.1.145-160
Ramadhan, G., Dwijananti, P., & Wahyuni, S. (2018). Analisis kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (high order thinking skills) menggunakan instrumen two tier multiple choice materi konsep dan fenomena kuantum siswa SMA di Kabupaten Cilacap. Unnes Physics Education Journal, 7(3), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.15294/upej.v7i3.27682
Ramasamy, S., Rahman, F. A., Ismail, H., Manaf, U. K. A., & Said, R. R. (2016). Teachers’ levels of knowledge and interest on higher order thinking skills (HOTS) according to the field taught and category of schools. Journal of Modern Education Review, 6(9), 611–621. https://doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/09.06.2016/005
Ramdiah, S., Abidinsyah, H., & Mayasari, R. (2018). Problem-based learning: Generates higher-order thinking skills of tenth graders in ecosystem concept. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia, 4(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v4i1.5490
Retnawati, H., Djidu, H., Kartianom, K., Apino, E., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Teachers’ knowledge about higher-order thinking skills and its learning strategy. Problem of Education in the 21st Century, 76(2), 215–230.
Roets, L., & Maritz, J. (2017). Facilitating the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of novice nursing postgraduates in Africa. Nurse Education Today, 49, 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.005
Salsabila, F., Johar, R., & Bahrun. (2018). Students’ difficulties in solving higher order thinking skills problems on algebra content. Proceedings of The 8th Annual International Conference (AIC) on Social Sciences, 112–122.
Setyarini, S., Muslim, A. B., Rukmini, D., Yuliasri, I., & Mujianto, Y. (2018). Thinking critically while storytelling: Improving children’s HOTS and English oral competence. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11480
Smith, P. (2015). Developing critical thinking in doctoral students. In S. Wisdom (Ed.), Handbook of research on advancing critical thinking in higher education (pp. 348–370). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8411-9.ch015
Suwarna, I. P., Handayani, Y., & Neni Ratnasari. (2018). Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS ) ability of student high School, Collage, and physics teacher on physics lesson materials. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 115(Icems 2017), 317–320. https://doi.org/10.2991/icems-17.2018.59
Tindangen, M. (2018). Inquiry-based learning model to improve higher order thinking skills. Asian Social Science, 14(7), 39. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n7p39
Toppin, I. N., & Chitsonga, S. (2016). Critical thinking skills and academic maturity: Emerging results from a five-year Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) study. Journal of Inquiry & Action in Education, 7(2), 81–93.
Valeeva, R. A., & Bushmeleva, N. A. (2016). Forming analytical competency of higher school students. Mathematics Education, 11(8), 3137–3148.
Vero, E., & Puka, E. (2017). The importance of motivation in an educational environment. Formazione & Insegnamento XV, 15(1), 57–66.
Wall, T. F. (2015). The transferability of higher order cognitive skills. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.652
Widana, I. W. (2017). Higher order thinking skills assessment (HOTS). Journal of Indonesian Student Assessment and Evaluation, 3(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.21009/JISAE.031.04
Yen, T. S., & Halili, S. H. (2015). Effective teaching of higher-order thinking (HOT) in education. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 3(2), 41–47.
Yuliati, S. R., & Lestari, I. (2018). Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) analysis of students in solving HOTS question in higher education. PERSPEKTIF Ilmu Pendidikan, 32(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.21009/PIP.322.10
Zulfiani, Z., Yunistika, R., & Juanengsih, N. (2018). Enhancing studentsr higher-order thinking skills through guided and free inquiry-based learning. Proceedings of the International Conference on Education in Muslim Society (ICEMS 2017), 115(Icems 2017), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.2991/icems-17.2018.6
Zulfikar, T. (2013). Looking from within: Prospects and challenges for progressive education in Indonesia. International Journal of Progressive Education, 9(3), 124–136.
Adnan, M., Abdullah, M. F. N. L., Ahmad, C. N. C., Nawi, N. M., & Ismail, S. (2017). Perceptions of mathematics teachers in higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in kuala langat district secondary school. The Social Sciences, 12(11), 1963–1965.
Ahiri, J., Dunifa, L., Tanduklangi, A., & Ghani, A. R. A. (2015). The effect of learning strategies on higher-order thinking skills students with different learning. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 4(9), 1204–1211.
Albeta, S. W. (2018). Profile of chemical teacher candidates’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) on ionic equilibrium in solution topic. Unnes Science Education Journal, 7(3), 300–305.
Baharin, N., Kamarudin, N., & Manaf, U. K. A. (2018). Integrating STEM education approach in enhancing higher order thinking skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 810–821. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4421
Best, J. R., Miller, P. H., & Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Relations between executive function and academic achievement from ages 5 to 17 in a large, representative national sample. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.01.007
Budiarti, I. S., Suparmi, A., Sarwanto, & Harjana. (2017). Analyzes of students’ higher-order thinking skills of heat and temperature concept. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 909, 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/909/1/012055
Budsankom, P., Sawangboon, T., Damrongpanit, S., & Chuensirimongkol, and J. (2015). Factors affecting higher order thinking skills of students: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling study. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(19), 2639–2652. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1080273.pdf
Diputera, A. M., Setyowati, D. L., & Susilaningsih, E. (2018). Higher-order thinking skills of junior high school students. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 8(3), 61–67.
Dresner, M., De Rivera, C., Fuccillo, K. K., & Chang, H. (2014). Improving higher-order thinking and knowledge retention in environmental science teaching. BioScience, 64(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bit005
Fauzi, A. (2019). Profile of kunior high school students’ critical thinking skills in answering questions related to biological concepts. Scientiae Educatia, 8(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.24235/sc.educatia.v8i1.4081
Fauzi, A., & Sa’diyah, W. (2019). Students’ metacognitive skills from the viewpoint of answering biological questions: Is it already good? Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 8(3), 317–327. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpii/article/view/19457
Fensham, P. J., & Bellocchi, A. (2013). Higher order thinking in chemistry curriculum and its assessment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 10, 250–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.06.003
Galotti, K. M. (2011). Cognitive development. Sage.
García-Madruga, J. A., Gómez-Veiga, I., & Vila, J. (2016). Executive functions and the improvement of thinking abilities: The intervention in reading comprehension. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(February), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00058
Greiff, S., Wüstenberg, S., Goetz, T., Vainikainen, M.-P., Hautamäki, J., & Bornstein, M. H. (2015). A longitudinal study of higher-order thinking skills: working memory and fluid reasoning in childhood enhance complex problem solving in adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(July), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01060
Hadi, S., Retnawati, H., Munadi, S., Apino, E., & Wulandari, N. F. (2018). The difficulties of high school students in solving higher-order thinking skills problems. Problem of Education in the 21st Century, 76(4), 520–532.
Haryati, Manurung, B., & Gultom, T. (2017). The effect of learning model on higher order thinking and student science process skills in ecology. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 4(10), 150–155. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0410018
Hugerat, M., & Kortam, N. (2014). Improving higher order thinking skills among freshmen by teaching science through inquiry. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 10(5), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2014.1107a
Irawati, T. N. (2018). Analisis kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa SMP dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah matematika pada materi bilangan bulat. Jurnal Gammath, 3(2), 1–7.
Istiyono, E. (2017). The analysis of senior high school students’ physics HOTS in Bantul District measured using PhysReMChoTHOTS. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1868(August). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995184
King, F. J., Goodson, L., & Faranak, R. (2011). Higher order thinking skills: Definition, teaching strategies and assessment.
Kurniati, I., & Surya, E. (2017). Student’s perception of their teacher teaching style’s. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 33(2), 91–98.
Kusaeri, K., Hamdani, A. S., & Suprananto, S. (2019). Student readiness and challenge in completing higher order thinking skill test type for mathematics. Infinity Journal, 8(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v8i1.p75-86
Kusumastuti, I., Fauziati, E., Marmanto, S., Maret, U. S., & Java, C. (2019). Revealing teachers’ beliefs of higher order Thinking skills in teaching reading at junior high school. 3rd English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC), 3, 155–162.
Larsen, B., & Luna, B. (2018). Adolescence as a neurobiological critical period for the development of higher-order cognition. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 94, 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.005
Li, H., Liu, J., Yang, X., Xiao, J., & Yang, G. (2016). An empirical study on developing higher-order thinking skills of primary students with e-schoolbag. International Symposium on Educational Technology (ISET), 1, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISET.2016.26
Margana, M., & Widyantoro, A. (2017). Developing english textbooks oriented to higher order thinking skills for students of vocational high schools in Yogyakarta. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 8(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0801.04
Mohamed, R., & Lebar, O. (2017). Authentic assessment in assessing higher order thinking skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(2), 466–476. https://ideas.repec.org/a/hur/ijarbs/v7y2017i2p466-476.html
Murphy, C., Bianchi, L., McCullagh, J., & Kerr, K. (2013). Scaling up higher order thinking skills and personal capabilities in primary science: Theory-into-policy-into-practice. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 10, 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.06.005
Netri, N., Holiwarni, B., & Abdullah. (2018). Development of test instruments based higher order thinking skill (HOTS) on chemical equilibrium at second grade in senior high school. JOM, 5(2), 1–11.
Nguyễn, T. M. T., & Nguyễn, T. T. L. (2017). Influence of explicit higher-order thinking skills instruction on students’ learning of linguistics. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.10.004
Permatasari, A., Wartono, & Kusairi, S. (2018). Identification of students difficulties in terms of the higher order thinking skills on the subject of work and energy. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2014(September), 020052. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054456
Prasit, R. Y. H., Phattiyathani, S., & Piyakul, A. (2018). Causal factors influencing the higher-order thinking of Matthayom Suksa3 students in Udon Thani. Journal of Educational Measurement Mahasarakham University, 17(2).
Puchta, H. (2012). Developing thinking skills in the young learners’ classroom. In Cambridge English Language Teaching.
Purbaningrum, K. A. (2017). Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa SMP dalam pemecahan masalah matematika ditinjau dari gaya belajar. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pembelajaran Matematika, 10(2), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.30870/jppm.v10i2.2029
Putra, T. K., & Abdullah, D. F. (2019). Higher-Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions in English national examination in Indonesia. Jurnal Bahasa Lingua Scientia, 11(1), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.21274/ls.2019.11.1.145-160
Ramadhan, G., Dwijananti, P., & Wahyuni, S. (2018). Analisis kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (high order thinking skills) menggunakan instrumen two tier multiple choice materi konsep dan fenomena kuantum siswa SMA di Kabupaten Cilacap. Unnes Physics Education Journal, 7(3), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.15294/upej.v7i3.27682
Ramasamy, S., Rahman, F. A., Ismail, H., Manaf, U. K. A., & Said, R. R. (2016). Teachers’ levels of knowledge and interest on higher order thinking skills (HOTS) according to the field taught and category of schools. Journal of Modern Education Review, 6(9), 611–621. https://doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/09.06.2016/005
Ramdiah, S., Abidinsyah, H., & Mayasari, R. (2018). Problem-based learning: Generates higher-order thinking skills of tenth graders in ecosystem concept. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia, 4(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v4i1.5490
Retnawati, H., Djidu, H., Kartianom, K., Apino, E., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Teachers’ knowledge about higher-order thinking skills and its learning strategy. Problem of Education in the 21st Century, 76(2), 215–230.
Roets, L., & Maritz, J. (2017). Facilitating the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of novice nursing postgraduates in Africa. Nurse Education Today, 49, 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.005
Salsabila, F., Johar, R., & Bahrun. (2018). Students’ difficulties in solving higher order thinking skills problems on algebra content. Proceedings of The 8th Annual International Conference (AIC) on Social Sciences, 112–122.
Setyarini, S., Muslim, A. B., Rukmini, D., Yuliasri, I., & Mujianto, Y. (2018). Thinking critically while storytelling: Improving children’s HOTS and English oral competence. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11480
Smith, P. (2015). Developing critical thinking in doctoral students. In S. Wisdom (Ed.), Handbook of research on advancing critical thinking in higher education (pp. 348–370). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8411-9.ch015
Suwarna, I. P., Handayani, Y., & Neni Ratnasari. (2018). Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS ) ability of student high School, Collage, and physics teacher on physics lesson materials. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 115(Icems 2017), 317–320. https://doi.org/10.2991/icems-17.2018.59
Tindangen, M. (2018). Inquiry-based learning model to improve higher order thinking skills. Asian Social Science, 14(7), 39. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n7p39
Toppin, I. N., & Chitsonga, S. (2016). Critical thinking skills and academic maturity: Emerging results from a five-year Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) study. Journal of Inquiry & Action in Education, 7(2), 81–93.
Valeeva, R. A., & Bushmeleva, N. A. (2016). Forming analytical competency of higher school students. Mathematics Education, 11(8), 3137–3148.
Vero, E., & Puka, E. (2017). The importance of motivation in an educational environment. Formazione & Insegnamento XV, 15(1), 57–66.
Wall, T. F. (2015). The transferability of higher order cognitive skills. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.652
Widana, I. W. (2017). Higher order thinking skills assessment (HOTS). Journal of Indonesian Student Assessment and Evaluation, 3(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.21009/JISAE.031.04
Yen, T. S., & Halili, S. H. (2015). Effective teaching of higher-order thinking (HOT) in education. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 3(2), 41–47.
Yuliati, S. R., & Lestari, I. (2018). Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) analysis of students in solving HOTS question in higher education. PERSPEKTIF Ilmu Pendidikan, 32(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.21009/PIP.322.10
Zulfiani, Z., Yunistika, R., & Juanengsih, N. (2018). Enhancing studentsr higher-order thinking skills through guided and free inquiry-based learning. Proceedings of the International Conference on Education in Muslim Society (ICEMS 2017), 115(Icems 2017), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.2991/icems-17.2018.6
Zulfikar, T. (2013). Looking from within: Prospects and challenges for progressive education in Indonesia. International Journal of Progressive Education, 9(3), 124–136.
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2021-10-11
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Fauzi, A., & Wicaksono , A. G. C. . (2021). The profile of students HOTS at Malang, Indonesia in responding to higher-thinking biology questions. Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 14(2), 144–153. https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.21030
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The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi (Biosferjpb) and Departement of Biology Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta as publisher of the journal.
